환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12801-12900

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12801-12900

번호                  용어                  해설

12801    ◆         ambient noise    ◆         background noise consisting of all noise sources, such as environmental noise, machinery, voices, and so on, other than a sound of interest, such as music being performed or a voice being recorded.

12802    ◆         ambient noise level         ◆         the uncontrollable background noise level present at a site, such as street traffic.

12803    ◆         Ambient Pressure (주위 압력)       ◆            트랜스듀서와 측정기를 둘러싸는 매체의 압력.

12804    ◆         ambient stress field         ◆         the distribution and numerical value of a stress field in the rock environment prior to its study and disturbance by humans.

12805    ◆         Ambient Temperature      ◆            Temperature of the surrounding air or other medium.

12806    ◆         ambiguity          ◆         a condition in which a synchro or servo system seeks a false null position in addition to the proper null position.

12807    ◆         ambipolar          ◆         relating to or involving both positive and negative charges.

12808    ◆         AMCEN ◆         아프리카 환경각료회의  African ministerial conference on the environment

12809    ◆         AMD     ◆         Acid Mine Drainage

12810    ◆         AMENDMENT     ◆         조성개량제 ; 퇴비화공정에서 겉보기밀도 감소를 목적으로 또는 생물학적 분해가능한 유기물량 증가를 위해 첨가되는 유기/무기물질

12811    ◆         amensalism        ◆         a relationship between two species in which one is unaffected and the other is negatively affected, typically by a toxic chemical secreted by the first species.

12812    ◆         AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS        ◆         물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 시험법을 기술; ASTM

12813    ◆         americium         ◆         a crystalline silver-white transuranic element of the actinide series, produced by the neutron bombardment of plutonium, having the symbol Am, atomic number 95, an atomic weight of 243 in its most stable isotope, and a half-life of 475 years. It is used as a long-term alpha-particle emitter. (Named for America by one of its discoverers, the chemist Glenn T. Seaborg, to correlate with the rare-earth metal europium's being named for Europe.)

12814    ◆         Ames test (에임즈 테스트)            ◆            부르스 에임즈(캘리포니아 버클리대) 등이 개발한 박테리아를 이용한 유전독성시험. 히스티딘(Histidine) 아미노산 생합성에 결함이 있는, 돌연변이 된 박테리아(예, Salmonella typhimurium )의 역易돌연변이 정도를 통해 시험물질의 유전독성 여부를 판단한다.

12815    ◆         AMI [Advanced Metering Infrastructure]            ◆         소비자와 전력회사간 양방향 데이터 통신이 가능한 인프라로, 스마트폰을 통한 전기사용량 제공 등을 통해 전기절감 가능

12816    ◆         amicron ◆         a term used to describe submicroscopic particles that are no larger than 10-7 centimeters.

12817    ◆         -amine  ◆         a suffix indicating the presence of the amino group, -NH2.

12818    ◆         amino nitrogen   ◆         nitrogen that is combined with hydrogen in an amino group.

12819    ◆         amino- or amin- ◆         a combining form referring to the presence in a compound of the amino group, -NHㆍ

12820    ◆         amino purine     ◆         a base analog that replaces adenine in the DNA of an organism; the result is incorrect base pairing in future cell generations and subsequent mutation.

12821    ◆         AMINOLYSIS       ◆         아미노산화가 아민분해 (반응)

12822    ◆         -aminyl  ◆         a suffix indicating the formation of a free radical by the loss of a hydrogen atom from a base whose name ends in -amine.

12823    ◆         ammocolous      ◆         living or growing in sand. Also, ammocole.

12824    ◆         AMMONIA         ◆         암모니아 : 무색의 기체로서 특유한 자극성 냄새를 가짐, NH3

12825    ◆         ammonia compressor      ◆         a compressor unit that mechanically increases the pressure of gaseous ammonia in an ammonia refrigeration system.

12826    ◆         ammonia condenser        ◆         a tubular system used in refrigeration systems, in which compressed ammonia is cooled, either by spray or forced air, until it becomes a liquid.

12827    ◆         ammonia liquor  ◆         an aqueous solution that is obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal; it contains ammonia, ammonium compounds, cyanogen, and hydrogen sulfide. Also, ammoniacal liquid.

12828    ◆         ammonia synthesis         ◆         the formation of ammonia by a combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at high temperature and pressure with the aid of a catalyst.

12829    ◆         Ammonia의 특성 및 방제방법      ◆            주최 : 국립환경 연구원

12830    ◆         ammonio-          ◆         a combining form used to indicate the presence of ammonia or ammonium.

12831    ◆         Ammonium chloride의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

12832    ◆         Ammonium fluoride의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

12833    ◆         ammonium sulfate precipitation    ◆            a technique used to isolate and purify proteins by adding ammonium salts to a cell extract and then precipitating out proteins.

12834    ◆         Ammonium thiosulfate의 특성 및 방제방법         ◆        

12835    ◆         Ammonium thiosulfate의 특성 및 방제방법         ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

12836    ◆         ammonolysis      ◆         the solvolysis of a substance in a liquid ammonia solution. Thus, ammonolytic.

12837    ◆         ammophilous     ◆         thriving in sandy habitats. Thus, ammophile, ammophily.

12838    ◆         amnicolous        ◆         living or thriving on sandy river banks. Also, amnicole.

12839    ◆         Amonia nitrogen ◆         암모니아성 질소; 암모늄염을 질소량으로 나타낸 것

12840    ◆         amorphous        ◆         not having crystals; not crystalline.  Materials Science. describing a highly viscous liquid that does not possess the crystalline order normally characteristic of the solid state; e.g., glass.

12841    ◆         AMOS   ◆         Air Management Oversight System

12842    ◆         AMOUNT OF WITHDRAW ◆         배수량

12843    ◆         ampere meter squared    ◆         a unit of the SI or meter-kilogram-second system for electromagnetic moment.

12844    ◆         amperometric     ◆         relating to the measurement of the strength of an electric current by chemical analysis.

12845    ◆         amperometric titration     ◆         the use of current to measure the change in the concentration of an analyte; generally the potential of the indicator eletrode is held fixed with respect to a reference electrode.

12846    ◆         amperometry     ◆         any type of chemical analysis that involves measuring electrical currents; generally refers to a fixed applied potential.

12847    ◆         AMPEROSTATIC COULOMETRY      ◆            일정 전류전기량법 : 전기량법 측정에 바탕을 둔 전기량법의 종류

12848    ◆         amphibian         ◆         a tank, truck, or other such vehicle that can travel through or over water as well as on land.

12849    ◆         amphibious        ◆         of or relating to crafts, vehicles, or equipment that may be used on land and on or in water.

12850    ◆         amphichroic       ◆         exhibiting either of two colors under varying conditions; e.g., litmus in reaction to an acid or an alkali.

12851    ◆         amphichromatic  ◆         of an individual plant, producing flowers of different colors on the same stem. Thus, amphichromatism.

12852    ◆         amphigean         ◆         relating to or occurring in both the Old World and the New World; found around the earth. Also, amphigeic.

12853    ◆         amphipathic       ◆         describing a molecule that has two groups with characteristically different properties, such as a detergent that has both a water-soluble (hydrophilic) polar end and a water-insoluble (hydrophobic) nonpolar end. Thus, amphipath, amphipathic molecule.

12854    ◆         amphiphile         ◆         a substance having amphiphilic properties.

12855    ◆         amphiphilic        ◆         describing a substance containing both polar, water-soluble groups and nonpolar, water-insoluble groups.

12856    ◆         AMPHIPROTIC SOLVENT   ◆         양쪽성 용매; 염기성 용질의 존재하에서 산으로 그리고 산성용질의 존재하에서 염기로 거동

12857    ◆         amphitopic        ◆         of a population or species, showing a tolerance to a wide variety of habitat and environmental conditions

12858    ◆         ampholyte         ◆         an electrolyte that acts as an acid or a base, depending on the acidity or basicity of the medium in which it is present.

12859    ◆         ampholytic         ◆         relating to or being an ampholyte.

12860    ◆         ampholytic detergent      ◆         a detergent that is both a cation (in acidic solutions) and an anion (in basic solutions), combining detergent and disinfectant qualities.

12861    ◆         amphoric           ◆         having a deep, hollow sound, as is produced by blowing across the mouth of a narrow-necked bottle or vase.

12862    ◆         amphoteric        ◆         describing a substance that has both basic and acidic properties, such as water.

12863    ◆         amphoterism      ◆         the property of acting as either a base or an acid.

12864    ◆         amplifier            ◆         a device that magnifies the strength of a relatively weak input signal without altering the characteristics (such as waveform) of that signal. Amplifiers are used in radio and television receivers and in stereophonic sound systems, often as a separate component of such systems.  Engineering. any of various other devices used to increase the magnitude of some physical or mechanical effect.

12865    ◆         Amplifier 증폭기 (앰프)    ◆         지정된입· 출력 신호 이외의 전력근원으로부터 전력을 얻어, 그 전력을 이용해입· 출력 신호에 불가결한 특성의 확대된 재생을 만들기내는 기기.

12866    ◆         amplitude          ◆         the amount that current or voltage varies from zero or from an average value.

12867    ◆         Amprometric Titration     ◆         A way of measuring concentrations of certain substances in water using an electric current that flows during a chemical reaction.

12868    ◆         AMPS    ◆         Automatic Mapping and Planning System

12869    ◆         AMSA   ◆         Association of Metropolitan Sewer Agencies

12870    ◆         AMTEC 우주 태양열발전  ◆         우주용 발전시스템에 있어서 가장 중요한 사항은 고효율, 경량화, 크기, 신뢰성, 제작비용 등으로서 우선 단위 질량당 출력밀도가 높아야 하며 시스템의 신뢰성이 높아야 한다. 이들을 충족시킬 수 있는 방법은 우주공간에서 유일한 에너지원인 태양에너지를 활용하는 것으로서 현재 태양광발전방식과 Brayton Cycle, Stiring Engine 등의 열동력기관을 사용하는 방식 및 원자로(Nuclear Power Reactor)방식등이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 이들 방식은 출력밀도가 모두 낮기 때문에 시스템의 경량화라는 문제점이 남아있다. 여기에 적합한 것이 AMTEC으로서 출력밀도가 0.8∼1.2W/㎠ 로서 기존의 우주발전기술에 비해 약 3∼5배정도 높으며 발전효율이 30%이상되기 때문에 가장 유망한 기술로서 대두되고 있다.            기술별 출력밀도 비교                기술명                  출력밀도(kW/kg)                  지상용 기술                  디젤엔진                  0.02~0.3                  가솔린엔진                  0.1~0.8                  연료전지                  0.03~0.07                  AMTEC                  0.08~0.2                  우주용 기술                  Brayton                  0.02~0.05                  Stirling                  0.03~0.09                  GaAs                  0.01~0.04              AMTEC(Alkali Metal Thermoelectric Converter)이란 열 에너지를 직접 전기에너지로 변환시키는 특성을 갖고 있는 에너지변환장치로서 이온전도성을 갖는 β, β˝-          양단에 온도차(ΔT)를 주면 BASE(Beta˝-Alumina Solid Electrolyte)셀 내부에 충전된 액체 Na의 증기압차가 추진력이 되어 느슨하게 결합하고 있는 격자산소 틈새층으로          이온의 이동이 일어나게 된다. 전해질을 통과한          이온은 응축과정에서 전극표면에서 중성화(Neutralization) 되어 전기를 발생하게 된다. 이때 출력형태는 0.7∼2.0V, 전류는 0.7∼1.2A/㎠ 정도로서 저전압, 대전류가 발생하게 되는데 이들을 모듈화 하여 모을 경우 대용량 발전이 가능하다.          이 기술은 1962년 미국 포드사의 J.T.Kummer에 의해 처음 제안된 이래 초기에는 전기자동차의 전원공급장치로 활용하기 위한 연구가 진행되었고 그동안 포드사에 의해 단독으로 기술개발이 추진되어 오다 1980년대 후반에 기술을 공개하면서 여러 연구기관에서 기본 설계를 한 바 있다. 미국은 현재 DOE, DOD, NASA등이 주축이 되어 국가 주도아래 Beta Power사등에서 출력이 높은 AMTEC 발전기의 개발을 추진하고 있다.          일본도 1988년도부터 국가 기반기술연구사업의 일환으로 1단계 연구사업이 시작되어 2005년에는 MW급 달 기지에 사용할 발전시스템 개발을 목표로 NEDO주관아래 산/학/연 공동연구형태의 사업을 추진하고 있다. 러시아도 수백W급에서 수십MW급 발전시스템을 이미 개발완료하여 상용 플랜트 단계에 있을 정도로 높은 수준에 있었으나 현재는 기술개발이 전혀 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정으로 알려져 있다. 다만 Seebeck 원리를 이용한 반도체 열전발전기술은 세계 최고 수준으로서 상품화되고 있다.          국내의 경우는 β, β˝-알루미나 재료에 대한 기초연구와 민간연구소의 Na/S 2차전지에 대한 연구추진은 이루어졌었으나 우주용 발전기술에 관한 연구가 과거 수편의 논문이외에는 없으며 특히 AMTEC발전에 관한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 그나마 에너지전문연구기관이 한국에너지기술연구소에서 1996년도에 산업폐열을 열원으로 하는 AMTEC발전시스템에 대한 개념설계를 마친 바 있으며, 근래부터는 단위발전 셀인 BASE튜브와 집전기술에 대한 기초연구를 진행하고 있다.

12871    ◆         AN ISOLATED BURST OF SOUND ENERGY            ◆         분리 충격소음 : 독립적으로 측정할 수 있는 충격소음

12872    ◆         ANABOLISM       ◆         동화작용, =assimilation

12873    ◆         anacoustic zone  ◆         the part of outer space starting at 100 miles (160 km), at which the distance between gas molecules is so great that sound waves can no longer be carried. Also, ZONE OF SILENCE.

12874    ◆         ANAEROBIC       ◆         혐기성

12875    ◆         Anaerobic          ◆         A life or process that occurs in, or is not destroyed by, the absence of oxygen.

12876    ◆         Anaerobic Decomposition ◆            Reduction of the net energe level and change in chemical composition of organic matter caused by microorganisms in an oxygen-free environment.

12877    ◆         Anaerobic denitrification  ◆         혐기성 탈질화; 준혐기성 탈질화에 유사한 공정

12878    ◆         anaerobic digester          ◆         a bioreactor designed to facilitate anaerobic bacterial fermentation; commonly used in the treatment of sewage sludge.

12879    ◆         Anaerobic filter process   ◆         혐기성 여과상 공정; 수처리의 혐기성 부착성장 처리공정

12880    ◆         anaerobic filter system     ◆         a filtering procedure used in anaerobic bacterial fermentation when liquid effluents have a high level of dissolved organic matter and a low level of particulate solids.

12881    ◆         Anaerobic ponds ◆         혐기성 안정화지; 고형물의 농도가 높은 고농도 유기성폐수에 적용

12882    ◆         Anaerobically digested sludge      ◆            혐기성소화슬러지; 혐기성소화시설에서 나온 슬러지

12883    ◆         Analog Output (아날로그 출력)     ◆            아날로그 신호는 분해가능이 무한대이고, 디지탈 신호와의 상위점은, 디지탈 신호는 출력값의 증감에 대해 단계적으로 출력됩니다.

12884    ◆         analog states      ◆         the highly excited states of almost contiguous nuclear isobars that have identical nucleon wavefunctions except for the change of one or more neutrons into the same number of protons, resulting in a structure analogous to the original decaying state in the neighboring isobar. Also, ISOBARIC ANALOG STATES.

12885    ◆         analyte  ◆         the substance being identified and measured in an analysis.

12886    ◆         analytical chemistry         ◆         the branch of chemistry that deals with the identification of substances and the determination of the precise amount or composition of substances within a chemical system.

12887    ◆         analytical distillation        ◆         the vaporization and recondensation of a liquid mixture for the purpose of determining its components by comparing their respective boiling points.

12888    ◆         analytical extraction        ◆         a separation technique in which soluble parts of a mixture are removed by dissolution; often used to extract pure metals from their ores.

12889    ◆         analytical mechanics        ◆         the mathematical analysis of motions of particles or rigid bodies, considered as due to mutual interactions between the constituents and applied forces that can be expressed in terms of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions.

12890    ◆         ANALYTICAL MOLARITY   ◆         분석 몰농도 : 용액 1L 에 녹아 있는 용액의 몰수

12891    ◆         analyzer ◆         ㆍ in an absorption refrigeration system, a device that increases the concentration of refrigerant in the vapor entering the condenser and separates the water vapor from the refrigerant vapor.in an absorption refrigeration system, a device that increases the concentration of refrigerant in the vapor entering the condenser and separates the water vapor from the refrigerant vapor. ㆍ any device that assists in analyzing or interpreting the physical or chemical characteristics of a system.any device that assists in analyzing or interpreting the physical or chemical characteristics of a system.

12892    ◆         anaphoresis       ◆         the movement of charged particles, suspended in an electrolytic medium, toward the anode, following their exposure to an electric field.

12893    ◆         anaseism           ◆         a movement, during an earthquake, of the earth away from the center of the quake.

12894    ◆         anatabine          ◆         C10H12N2, a liquid alkaloid that is obtained from tobacco.

12895    ◆         ANC      ◆         Acid Neutralizing Capacity

12896    ◆         anchialine          ◆         describing coastal seawater habitats that do not have a surface connection to the sea.

12897    ◆         anchor  ◆         any of various plowing devices that are similar in shape to a ship's anchor.

12898    ◆         anchorage dependence    ◆         the necessity for some cell cultures to be in contact with a solid substrate, such as glass or plastic, in order to grow and multiply.

12899    ◆         ANCILLARY PROCESS      ◆         부수 공정; 단위 조작 및 공정의 선정과 평가시에 고려되어야 할 인자

12900    ◆         ancium  ◆         a canyon forest community.

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