환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12901-13000

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12901-13000

번호                  용어                  해설

12901    ◆         ancophyte          ◆         a plant having a canyon forest habitat. Thus, ancophilous, ancophile.

12902    ◆         Andersen sampler           ◆         a device that collects airborne microflora by filtering air through a series of different-sized mesh screens and then having the collected material deposited on agar plates.

12903    ◆         Andes lightning  ◆         an often intense electrical coronal discharge that may be visible for up to 100 miles and, because of the distance, appears to make no sound. Also, Andes glow.

12904    ◆         Andrade's creep law        ◆         a law stating that strain in a creeping solid is proportional to the cube root of time before its rate becomes constant.

12905    ◆         Andrade's indicator         ◆            C20H17Na2N3O9S3, a pH indicator having a molecular weight of 586.

12906    ◆         androphilous      ◆         living or thriving in proximity to humans. Thus, androphile, androphily.

12907    ◆         anechoic            ◆         echo-free; having the property of absorbing sound, as tiles in a sound room.  Radiology. of or referring to a chamber or material that allows ultrasound waves to pass without reflecting back to their source.

12908    ◆         anechoic chamber           ◆         a room whose walls are constructed of sound-absorbing material in order to minimize internal sound reflection; used in acoustical testing. Also, anechoic room, anechoic test chamber.

12909    ◆         anelasticity         ◆         the failure of a material's strain to vary proportionately with applied stress due to small time effects or plastic deformation.

12910    ◆         ANEROID BAROMETER    ◆         아네로이드 기압계 : 기압을 측정하는 기기

12911    ◆         angle modulation           ◆         a modulation technique that varies the angle of the carrier wave, as in phase modulation and frequency modulation.

12912    ◆         angle of action   ◆         the angle of revolution of one of two meshed gears when at least one tooth is in contact.

12913    ◆         angle of approach           ◆         the angle of revolution of one of a pair of wheels in gear, from the initial contact between two teeth until the pitch points of the same teeth fall together.

12914    ◆         angle of incidence          ◆         the angle at which a wave strikes a reflective surface, which is normally the boundary of a different medium, and which results in a reflection from the surface, a transmission into the different medium, or a combination of the two.  Aviation. the angle between a chord of a fixed or adjustable airfoil and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.  Ordnance. the angle with the vertical at which a bomb or projectile strikes the ground or a target; the complement of the angle of impact.

12915    ◆         angle of nip       ◆         the maximum included angle between two approaching faces of a crusher at which an object can still be gripped. Also, ANGLE OF BITE.

12916    ◆         angle of obliquity           ◆         the deviation in the direction of the force between two gear teeth that are in contact from the direction of their common tangent.

12917    ◆         angle of orientation        ◆         the angle between the plane containing the axis of a projectile and the tangent to the trajectory and the vertical plane containing the tangent to the trajectory.

12918    ◆         angle of pressure            ◆         the angle between a gear tooth's profile and the radial line at its pitch point.

12919    ◆         angle of recess   ◆         the angle of rotation of one of a pair of wheels in gear, from the coincidence of the pitch points of the two teeth until the last contact point of the same teeth.

12920    ◆         angle of slide     ◆         the angle, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal, at which loose or fragmented materials on a surface will begin to slide. Also, angle of slip.

12921    ◆         angle of static friction     ◆         for an object resting on an inclined plane surface, the maximum angle of inclination from the horizontal that can be reached before the object begins to slide down the plane under the action of gravity. Also, ANGLE OF FRICTION, ANGLE OF REPOSE.

12922    ◆         angle of torsion  ◆         the angle through which a shaft or a similar body rotates when a torque is applied. Also, angle of twist.

12923    ◆         angle press        ◆         a hydraulic press having both vertical and horizontal rams that is used for molding and extruding plastics; specially designed for the production of complex moldings with deep undercuts, protrusions, or the like.

12924    ◆         angle variable     ◆         the dynamical variable appearing in HamiltonianMechanics, denoted w, that is conjugate to the action variable J; defined for periodic motion only.

12925    ◆         angledozer         ◆         a tractor having a broad steel blade that is set at an angle for pushing earth, snow, or debris to one side. Also, ANGLING DOZER.

12926    ◆         angular acceleration        ◆         the time rate of change in the angular velocity of a rotating body, expressed in radians per second squared.

12927    ◆         angular advance ◆         the angle that the center of an eccentric sheave or valve actuator makes with a line set at 90° in advance of the crank pin, dependent on the lead and lap of the valve in a steam engine. Also, ANGLE OF ADVANCE, ANGULAR LEAD.

12928    ◆         angular bitstock  ◆         a tool that is used to hold a bit in rotary motion, fitted with handles positioned so that it may be used in corners and cramped areas. Also, angular bitstalk, angular brace.

12929    ◆         angular correlations        ◆         an experimental technique for measuring how the intensity or the cross section of a nuclear reaction depends on its directional orientation with respect to incident and emitted radiation.

12930    ◆         angular cutter    ◆         a tool-steel milling cutter with the cutting face at an angle greater or less than 90° to the axis of the cutter; it is used to make flutes on taps, reamers, and the like. Also, ANGLE CUTTER.

12931    ◆         ANGULAR DISPERSION    ◆         각분산 : 반사면에서 일어난 회절현상으로 인하여 생기는 현상

12932    ◆         ANGULAR FREQUENCY    ◆         각주파수(각진동수) : 진동수 또는 주파수에 2π를 곱한값

12933    ◆         angular gear      ◆         an arrangement of bevel gearing that transmits motion between two nonparallel rotating shafts, thus permitting changing the direction of motion. Also, angle gear.

12934    ◆         angular impulse  ◆         the integral over time of all torques applied.

12935    ◆         angular length    ◆         a wavelength expressed in radians or an equivalent angular measure; equal to 2 radians or 360° times the length in wavelength units.

12936    ◆         angular milling   ◆         the milling of flat surfaces that are at an angle to the cutter axis of the milling machine.

12937    ◆         angular momentum        ◆         ㆍ for a single particle moving about an axis, the moment of its linear momentum; i.e., the vector product of the particle's position and its linear momentum at the moment it passes a given point. Also, MOMENT OF MOMENTUM.for a single particle moving about an axis, the moment of its linear momentum; i.e., the vector product of the particle's position and its linear momentum at the moment it passes a given point. Also, MOMENT OF MOMENTUM. ㆍ for a system of particles, the vector sum of the individual angular momentum vectors of all the particles in the system.for a system of particles, the vector sum of the individual angular momentum vectors of all the particles in the system.

12938    ◆         angular resolution           ◆         a measure of the ability of a radar to detect two targets exclusively by angle measurements.

12939    ◆         angular shear     ◆         a metal-cutting process in which the shear is accomplished by two blade edges inclined to each other, effectively reducing the necessary shear force.

12940    ◆         angular speed    ◆         the scalar change in direction per unit time, i.e., the magnitude of the angular velocity vector. Also, ANGULAR RATE, ROTATION RATE.

12941    ◆         angular velocity  ◆         a vector whose magnitude equals the time rate of change of angular displacement, and which is directed along the axis of rotation of the body, i.e., perpendicularly to the radial and linear velocity vectors; it is usually expressed in radians per second or revolutions per minute.

12942    ◆         angular-contact bearing   ◆         a rolling-contact antifriction bearing for heavy radial and thrust loads, designed with a high shoulder on one side of the outer race that takes the thrust.

12943    ◆         anhydride          ◆         a substance that is derived from an acid when water is removed, or that becomes an acid in the presence of water; e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2, is the anhydride of carbonic acid, H2CO3.

12944    ◆         aniline point       ◆         the lowest temperature at which equal volumes of aniline and a test liquid are miscible; used as a test for components of hydrocarbon fuel mixtures.

12945    ◆         aniline-formaldehyde resin           ◆            a synthetic resin created by polymerizing aniline and formaldehyde; it is thermoplastic.

12946    ◆         animal black      ◆         a fine carbon pigment made by the calcination of animal bones, used as a decolorizer and purifier.

12947    ◆         animal cell culture          ◆         the commercial isolation and growth of specific cell types for the production of antibodies and interferons.

12948    ◆         animal charcoal  ◆         the carbon residue left after the destructive distillation or carbonization of animal matter, such as blood, flesh, or bone.

12949    ◆         Animal Dander   ◆         Tiny scales of animal skin, a common indoor air pollutant.

12950    ◆         animal power     ◆         the rate of work done by a horse, bullock, or other work animal.

12951    ◆         Animal Studies   ◆         Investigations using animals as surrogates for humans with the expectation that the result are pertinent to humans.

12952    ◆         anion    ◆         a negatively charged ion, which is attracted to an anode, the positive electrode in an electrolytic cell.

12953    ◆         anion analysis    ◆         a test for negatively charged particles (anions) in an aqueous solution

12954    ◆         anion exchange  ◆         a process in which anions in solution exchange with anions in an insoluble matrix or resin.

12955    ◆         anion-exchange resin      ◆         a type of resin used in chromatography; characterized by the ability of negative ions in its immobilized (stationary) phase to be exchanged for anions in its solute (mobile phase).

12956    ◆         anionotropy       ◆         the breaking off of an ion (such as OH- or X-) from a molecule to leave a positive ion in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

12957    ◆         anisotropic membrane     ◆         a filtration membrane consisting of a thin skin at the separating surface supported by a spongy sublayer.

12958    ◆         Anisotropy         ◆         In hydrology, the conditions under which one or more hydraulic properties of an aquifer vary from a reference point.

12959    ◆         anisotropy constant         ◆         a temperature-dependent parameter of a ferromagnetic material, associating magnitization in various directions to the anisotropy energy.

12960    ◆         anisotropy energy           ◆         the energy associated with a ferromagnetic crystal when the magnetization domain is rotated away from the direction of easy magnetization by an external field.

12961    ◆         annidation         ◆         the ability of a mutated genotype to survive, though competitively inferior, by occupying a niche its parent type is unable to inhabit.

12962    ◆         annihilation radiation      ◆         the energy produced from the joining of a positron and an electron, in which the positive and negative charges neutralize each other and become electromagnetic radiation.

12963    ◆         annual variation  ◆         the observed changes in any geophysical field at a specific location over a period of one year.

12964    ◆         annuation          ◆         a variation in a wildlife community, as in abundance or distribution, resulting from annual changes in its environment.

12965    ◆         annular  ◆         ㆍ the ringlike space between a cylindrical element and its surroundings, such as the space between the casing and the wall of a hole.the ringlike space between a cylindrical element and its surroundings, such as the space between the casing and the wall of a hole. ㆍ having the shape or form of a ring, such as the annular fins of heat exchanger tubes.having the shape or form of a ring, such as the annular fins of heat exchanger tubes.

12966    ◆         annular blowout preventer           ◆            in a drilling operation, a type of blowout preventer which uses a sealing component made of a rubber ring that is compressed into the annular space between the pipe and the wellbore by hydraulically operated pistons. Also, SLEEVE BLOWOUT PREVENTER.

12967    ◆         Annular Space, Annulus   ◆         The space between two concentric tubes or casings, or between the casing and the borehole wall.

12968    ◆         annular velocity  ◆         the rate of speed of the fluid carrying cuttings to the surface in the annular space of a drilling well; a typical velocity is 100 feet per minute.

12969    ◆         anode   ◆         ㆍ the electrode that is positive with respect to the cathode in a electrochemical cell. It is the electrode at which oxidation occurs, toward which anions generally migrate as they carry current, and from which electrons leave the system.the electrode that is positive with respect to the cathode in a electrochemical cell. It is the electrode at which oxidation occurs, toward which anions generally migrate as they carry current, and from which electrons leave the system. ㆍ the negative electrode of a battery or storage cell that is delivering current.the negative electrode of a battery or storage cell that is delivering current.

12970    ◆         anode corrosion efficiency           ◆            an expression of the ratio between the actual weight loss of an anode from corrosion to the theoretical loss.

12971    ◆         anode effect       ◆         a condition that produces an abrupt increase in voltage and a decrease in current flow.

12972    ◆         anode film         ◆         a coating formed on the anode of an electrochemical cell.

12973    ◆         anodic control    ◆         the polarization at the anode of an electrochemical cell, in which a decrease of the anode potential dominates current density reduction.

12974    ◆         anodic migration ◆         the movement of a charged electric particle toward the anode in an electric field.

12975    ◆         anodic polarization         ◆         the changes in an anode's energy levels caused by electron flow.

12976    ◆         anolyte  ◆         the portion of an electrolytic solution that surrounds the anode.

12977    ◆         anomalon          ◆         a fragment produced during a nuclear reaction, in which the projectile nucleus collides with a neighboring target nucleus at rest.

12978    ◆         anomalous         ◆         formed or changed by being incorporated into foreign material. Thus, anomalous magma.

12979    ◆         anomalous scattering      ◆         a phase change that occurs upon the scattering of X rays by a crystal containing one or more atoms that strongly absorb the X rays. As a result, in crystals that lack symmetry elements of the second kind (rotation-inversion axes and glide planes), Bragg reflections from opposite faces of the crystal may have different intensities. These differences in intensity may be used to determine the absolute configuration of chiral crystals. Also, ANOMALOUS DISPERSION.

12980    ◆         anonymous dimensionless group 1-4            ◆         four dimensionless groups used to solve problems in laminar boundary-layer flow, gas absorption in wetted-wall columns, and transfer processes.

12981    ◆         anotron ◆         an electron tube rectifier that operates on the principle of cold-cathode discharge. It has a copper anode and a large cathode of sodium or some other material.

12982    ◆         ANOXIC ◆         무산소성; 이화작용에서 결합산소를 전자수용체로 이용하는 화학반응

12983    ◆         Anoxic denitrification      ◆         준혐기성 탈질화; 분자상태의 산소가 없는 상태에서 질산성 질소를 생물학적으로 질소가스로 변환시키는 공정

12984    ◆         ANPR    ◆         Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

12985    ◆         ANRHRD           ◆         Air, Noise ＆ Radiation Health Research Division/ORD

12986    ◆         ANSS    ◆         American Nature Study Society

12987    ◆         antacid  ◆         a substance that neutralizes acids or counteracts acidity.

12988    ◆         ANTAGONISM    ◆         길항작용; 혼합배양에서 한 미생물이 다른 미생물의 증식을 억제하는 상호작용

12989    ◆         Antagonism       ◆         Interference or inhibition of the effect of one chemical by the action of another.

12990    ◆         Antarctic Ozone Hole      ◆         Refers to the seasonal depletion of ozone in the upper atmosrhere above a large area of Antarctia.(See:Ozone Hole.)

12991    ◆         ANTARCTIC TREATY         ◆         남극조약  남극지역을 평화목적에만 이용하고, 과학연구의 자유와 협력을 약속하기 위해 1959년 12월1일 워싱톤에서 채택되고 1961년 6월에 발효된 조약

12992    ◆         antenna directivity diagram          ◆            a graphic representation of a quantity proportional to the gain of a particular antenna for various directions in a plane or cone.

12993    ◆         anther culture    ◆         a method of producing haploid plants by inducing embryo formation in pollen, accomplished in solid or liquid culture.

12994    ◆         anthracitization   ◆         the transformation of bituminous coal into anthracite coal as a result of metamorphism.

12995    ◆         anthropogenic    ◆         caused or influenced by the activities of humans. Also, anthropogenous.

12996    ◆         ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION SOURCE            ◆         인위적 배출원

12997    ◆         antibonding orbital         ◆         a relationship between an electron and a nucleus in which the electron's energy increases as it moves away from the nucleus, causing them to separate rather than bond. Also, antibonding molecular orbital.

12998    ◆         anticatalyst         ◆         an agent that inhibits the effects of a catalyst.

12999    ◆         anticathode        ◆         in an X-ray tube, the electrode from which X rays are emitted and to which electrons are directed.

13000    ◆         antichlor            ◆         any product that neutralizes and removes hypochlorite or free chlorine after the bleaching process in the manufacture of textiles or paper.

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