환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24401-24500

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24401-24500

번호                  용어                  해설

24401    ◆         parent   ◆         a radionuclide that yields a new nuclide, a daughter, when it disintegrates.

24402    ◆         parent compound           ◆         ㆍ a compound from which one or more molecules or compounds derive. Also, PARENT SUBSTANCE.a compound from which one or more molecules or compounds derive. Also, PARENT SUBSTANCE.

24403    ◆         PARSHALL FLUME           ◆         파샬 수로 (플루움) ; 수처리시설에서 사용되는 유량 측정 장치

24404    ◆         Parshall Flume    ◆         Device used to measure the flow of water in an open channel. Part A Permit, Part B Permit: (See: Interim Permit Status.)

24405    ◆         Parson's steam turbine     ◆         a reaction steam turbine, containing both stationary and moving blades of increasing size, in which the steam expands gradually from inlet pressure at the smallest section of blades to condenser pressure at the end. Also, Parson's stage steam turbine.

24406    ◆         partial condensation        ◆         a single contact separation process in which only a portion of a vapor stream is condensed.

24407    ◆         partial molal quantity      ◆         the portion of the total volume of a solution taken up by one of its elements, so that if one mole of ethanol is added to a large volume of water, the volume increases by 54.2 cm3; conversely, if one mole of water is added to a large volume of ethanol, the volume increases by 14.1 cm3.

24408    ◆         partial molar volume       ◆         the portion of a solution's total volume related to one mole of one of its components.

24409    ◆         PARTIAL NOISE EXPOSURE INDEX ◆            레벨별 소음폭로지수 : 1주간의 작업시간 40시간  을 5dB 간격으로 구분하고, 소음레벨과 그 지속시간에 따라 정한 지수

24410    ◆         PARTIAL PRESSURE          ◆         분압, 부분 압력

24411    ◆         partial racemization        ◆         a racemization process that affects only a few asymmetric groups.

24412    ◆         partial thermoremanent magnetization            ◆         the remanent magnetization gained by rocks when observed within a range of temperatures, rather than throughout the entire cooling process.

24413    ◆         partial tone        ◆         a nondivisible sinusoidal component of a tone.

24414    ◆         PARTIAL VIBRATION        ◆         부분진동 : 2개 이상의 진동수 성분에서 진동에 미치는 각각의 성분

24415    ◆         partial-duration series     ◆         a series, used primarily to determine return periods, that records all events within a given time exceeding certain set limits, such as droughts that exceed a certain duration.

24416    ◆         partially mixed digester   ◆         a two-stage anaerobic digester with a lower solid unmixed layer and an upper mixed layer.

24417    ◆         partial-select output        ◆         the voltage generated by the unselected magnetic cells when a partial-read or partial-write pulse is applied to the magnetic core.

24418    ◆         PARTICIPATION RATE       ◆         참여율; 재활용프로그램이나 기타 유사한 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 사람의 수를 참여 가능한 총 사람 수로 나눈 값

24419    ◆         Participation Rate            ◆         Portion of population participating in a recycling program.

24420    ◆         particle  ◆         ㆍ any finite object that may be considered to have mass and an observable position in space.any finite object that may be considered to have mass and an observable position in space.

24421    ◆         Particle aggregation        ◆         입자의 응집;

24422    ◆         Particle Count     ◆         Results of a microscopic examination of treated water with a special particle counter that classifies suspended particles by number and size.

24423    ◆         particle dynamics            ◆         the study of the motion of particles as a result of external forces acting on them.

24424    ◆         particle electrophoresis    ◆         the movement of electrically charged particles that are large enough to be observed directly, either with the naked eye or with the aid of a microscope.

24425    ◆         particle emission ◆         a type of radiation that does not generate electromagnetic rays.

24426    ◆         particle mechanics          ◆         the study of particles at rest or in motion.

24427    ◆         PARTICLE SIZE AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION            ◆         입자크기 및 입자크기분포; 폐기물의 물리적 특성을 나타내는 방법으로서, 특히 트롬멜스크린과 자력선별기 같은 기계적 선별시 중요한 고려사항이다

24428    ◆         particle velocity  ◆         the instantaneous value of the distance traveled by a particle per unit time in a medium that is displaced from its equilibrium state by the passage of a sound wave.

24429    ◆         particle-induced X-ray emission    ◆            the characteristic energy spectrum of X-rays that results after a sample to be analyzed has been bombarded with ions.

24430    ◆         particle-scattering factor  ◆         a factor used in the measurement of light scattering by macromolecules to compensate for the loss in scattered light intensity caused by destructive interference.

24431    ◆         PARTICULATE      ◆         입자상 물질, 분진; 실제로 광범위하여 고체상의 분진, fume, 액체상의 mist 도 측정시 함유된다

24432    ◆         Particulate Loading         ◆         The mass of particulates per unit volume of air or water.

24433    ◆         PARTICULATE MATTER     ◆         입자상 물질

24434    ◆         PARTICULATE SCRUBBER  ◆         세정집진기 : 대기오염방지 장치

24435    ◆         PARTICULATE-MATTER REMOVAL  ◆            입자성 물질 제거; 최초 침전지에서의 물질 제거

24436    ◆         Particulates        ◆         1. Fine liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes, or smog, found in air or emis- sions. 2. Very small solids suspended in water; they can vary in size, shape, density and electrical charge and can be gathered together by coagulation and flocculation.

24437    ◆         partition chromatography ◆         a separation technique used for gas-liquid or liquid-liquid mixtures, based on the differing solubilities of the components.

24438    ◆         partition coefficient         ◆         a constant symbolizing the ratio of the concentration of a solute in the upper of two liquid phases in equilibrium to its concentration in the lower phase. Also, DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT.

24439    ◆         Partition Coefficient         ◆         Measure of the sorption phenomenon, wherby a pesticide is divided between the soil and water phase; also referred to as adsorption partition coefficient. Parts Per Billion (ppb)/Parts Per Million (ppm): Units commonly used to express contamination ratios, as in establishing the maximum permissble amount of a contaminant in water, land, or air.

24440    ◆         partition noise    ◆         the unwanted signals that arise in an electron tube when the beam is split between two or more electrodes, such as between screen grid and anode in a pentode.

24441    ◆         PARTITIONING    ◆         분배 : 오염물질의 토양내 분포를 의미함

24442    ◆         PARTITIONING COEFFICIENT         ◆            오염물질의 존재형태를 농도비로 표시한 값

24443    ◆         partitioning effect           ◆         the effect that an enzyme has on its surrounding area when it is immobilized on a solid support matrix.

24444    ◆         parts per billion  ◆         ppb, 10억분율

24445    ◆         parts per billion  ( ppb ) ◆         농도, 존재비를 표현하는 단위, 10 억분의 1 를 표현한다.

24446    ◆         parts per hundred million            ◆            pphm, 1억분율

24447    ◆         parts per million ◆         ppm, 백만분율

24448    ◆         Pascal rules        ◆         the rules that govern the susceptibility of the orbitals in complex molecules to magnetic fields, based on the susceptibility of the constituent atoms and the nature of their bonds.

24449    ◆         Pascal's  principle   (  파스칼의 원리  )            ◆         밀폐된 용기내에 있는 액체의 일부에 압력을 가하면, 그 압력은 강함을 바꾸지 않고 액체의 모든 부분에 전해진다. 또 용기의 형태에 관계없고, 용기의 벽면에 수직에 작용한다.

24450    ◆         Paschen's law     ◆         a law stating that the voltage needed to generate a spark between two parallel-plate electrodes in a gas tube is proportional to the product of gas pressure and electrode spacing. Also, Paschen's rule.

24451    ◆         pass      ◆         ㆍ the movement of combustion gases in a furnace.the movement of combustion gases in a furnace. ㆍ the motion of a cutting tool across the workpiece.the motion of a cutting tool across the workpiece.

24452    ◆         pass element      ◆         a device, such as a tube or power transistor, that is inserted into a DC power source to automatically increase its resistance when the output has to be lowered and to decrease its resistance when the output has to be raised.

24453    ◆         passband           ◆         ㆍ the full spectrum of frequencies that are transmitted with little loss by such devices as filters and amplifiers.the full spectrum of frequencies that are transmitted with little loss by such devices as filters and amplifiers. ㆍ the range of frequencies a given filter is designed to pass at low attenuation.the range of frequencies a given filter is designed to pass at low attenuation.

24454    ◆         passivation         ◆         the practice of growing a thin oxide film on the surface of a semiconductor to protect exposed elements from environmental contaminates, thus ensuring the electrical stability of the device.  Metallurgy. a major decrease in the reactivity of a metallic surface.

24455    ◆         PASSIVE CONTROL OF LANDFILL GASES            ◆         매립지가스의 소극적 제어방식; 폐기물 최종처분 시설인 매립지에서 발생되는 가스제어방식

24456    ◆         passive electronic countermeasures            ◆         a class of intelligence-gathering electronic devices that do not radiate energy, such as the surveillance equipment used to locate and examine electromagnetic radiation from radar and communications transmitters.

24457    ◆         passive jamming ◆         the use of reflectors to return unwanted or confusing signals back to the enemy radar system transmitting them.

24458    ◆         passive network  ◆         a network that has no energy source and no active gain elements.

24459    ◆         PASSIVE PULSED AIR CLASSIFIER   ◆            수동식펄스풍력선별기; 폐기물 풍력선별장치의 일종

24460    ◆         Passive Smoking/Secondhand Smoke            ◆         Inhalation of others'tobacco smoke.

24461    ◆         passive solar system        ◆         a solar heating or cooling system using natural heating, cooling, or evaporation rather than external sources of energy.

24462    ◆         passive sonar     ◆         a sonar system that receives acoustic signals from underwater objects in order to determine the direction and source of the signals, but does not transmit sounds; used by the military to detect the presence of enemy submarines.

24463    ◆         passive system    ◆         a term for an electrical system that does not generate energy.

24464    ◆         passive transducer          ◆         a device that transfers energy from one system to another without an internal source of power.

24465    ◆         Passive Treatment Walls   ◆            Technology in which a chemical reaction takes place when contaminated ground water comes in contact with a barrier such as limestone or wall containing iron frlings.

24466    ◆         passivity ◆         in certain metals such as iron, a loss of normal chemical activity following a strong oxidizing agent or anodization.

24467    ◆         Pasteur pipet      ◆         a small-diameter, ungraduated glass-tube pipet with a constriction in the wider part for the insertion of a cotton plug.

24468    ◆         Pasteurization     ◆         저온 살균; 슬러지 살균처리 방법

24469    ◆         Pasteurization reactors     ◆         저온 살균조; 슬러지 살균장치의 일부분

24470    ◆         Pasteurized sludge          ◆         저온 살균된 슬러지;

24471    ◆         Pasteurized sludge pumps            ◆            저온 살균된 슬러지 펌프; 슬러지 살균장치의 일부

24472    ◆         Pasteurized sludge storage           ◆            저온살균된 슬러지 저장소; 슬러지 살균장치의 일부

24473    ◆         Pasteur's salt solution      ◆         a solution of potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium tartrate in distilled water, used as a laboratory reagent.

24474    ◆         PAT       ◆         Permit Assistance Team (RCRA)

24475    ◆         path difference   ◆         the difference in distance that two beams travel when scattered in the same direction from different points; as a result of such path differences, the beams may or may not be in phase.

24476    ◆         PATHOGEN        ◆         병원균; 질병의 원인이 될 수 있는 미생물　

24477    ◆         PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM   ◆            병원성 미생물

24478    ◆         PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS           ◆            병원성 미생물; 병을 유발시킬 수 있는 미생물

24479    ◆         Pathway ◆         The physical course a chemical or pollutant takes from its source to the exposed organism.

24480    ◆         PATS     ◆         Pesticide Action Tracking System: Pesticides Analytical Transport Solution

24481    ◆         pattern flood      ◆         a waterflood of a petroleum reservoir in which injection wells are established in an areal pattern designed to sweep oil toward the boreholes of producing wells.

24482    ◆         pattern generator            ◆         a device that generates signals for the test pattern used in servicing a television receiver.

24483    ◆         PAVED DRYING BED        ◆         포장된 지면을 이용한 건조상; 슬러지 탈수방법의 하나인 건조상의 종류

24484    ◆         paver    ◆         ㆍ any mobile machine that carries and lays material for paving.any mobile machine that carries and lays material for paving. ㆍ any brick, tile, stone, or other material that is used for paving.any brick, tile, stone, or other material that is used for paving.

24485    ◆         Pavy's solution    ◆         a modified Fehling's solution of copper sulfate, sodium potassium tartrate, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia; used in determining the concentration of sugars in solution by a colorimetric titration.

24486    ◆         pawl      ◆         a pivoted catch, usually spring-controlled, that engages with a ratchet wheel to limit motion or to convert its own reciprocating motion to linear motion.

24487    ◆         pay sand           ◆         the portion of oil-bearing or gas-bearing sand from which products may be recovered profitably.

24488    ◆         pay zone           ◆         a geological formation from which oil and gas may be recovered profitably.

24489    ◆         Pay-As-You-Throw/Unit-Based Pricing            ◆         Systems under which residents pay for municipal waste managemint and and disposal services by weight or volume collected, not a fixed fee.

24490    ◆         Pb        ◆         Lead

24491    ◆         PBA      ◆         Preliminary Benefit Analysis(BEAD)

24492    ◆         p-block elements            ◆            elements belonging to the main groups III-VII and O with occupied p orbitals in their outer electronic shells.

24493    ◆         PCA      ◆         Priciple Component Analysis

24494    ◆         PCB       ◆         Polychlorninated Biphenyl

24495    ◆         PCB 오염           ◆         폴리염화비페닐(Poly Chlorinated  Bipheny)이 유발하는 공해로 PCB는  약칭이다. PCB는 화학적으로  안정하고 내열·내약품성·절연성이 뛰어나서  콘덴서나 트랜스의 절연체, 페인트와 인쇄잉크들의 첨가제 등으로 쓰인다.  우리나라에서 특히  문제가 되는 것은 변압기에서  사용된 것으로서, 변압기 밖으로 유출될 경우 먹이연쇄를 통해 인체에 흡수될 위험성이 있다.         ⇒ PCB는  일본 가네미  油症사건 이후  전 세계적인  공포의 대상이  되어 1971년 로마  해양오염회의와 1975년 인간환경회의에서도 PCB를  의제로 삼았다.

24496    ◆         PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 폴리염화비페닐)  ◆         염소원자와 탄소원소로 구성된 화합 물질로 특히 변압기, 축전기, 전압조정기, 전자석 등 공업용 전기 장비의 절연과 변압기 냉각 매체로 사용되었으며, 전 세개의 물, 토양, 동물, 식물, 음식물, 인간동물 및 어류의 지방조직과 극 지방의 얼음 조각에서도 발견되고 있는 최악의 오염 물질이다.

24497    ◆         PCDD    ◆         다이옥신; Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

24498    ◆         PCDF     ◆         퓨란; Polychlorinated dibenzofuran

24499    ◆         PCE       ◆         Perchloroethylene

24500    ◆         PCM      ◆         Phase Contrast Microscopy

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