환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24101-24200

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24101-24200

번호                  용어                  해설

24101    ◆         optoelectronics   ◆         the branch ofElectronics that examines the technology of the coupling of functional electronic blocks with light beams; it often involves solid-state emitters and detectors of light. Also, ELECTRO-OPTICS.

24102    ◆         optoisolator       ◆         a device that couples electric circuits with a light beam. Also, PHOTOCOUPLER.

24103    ◆         OR circuit          ◆         a logic circuit whose output is energized whenever one of its inputs is in a prescribed state, so that if a voltage is applied to at least one gate, a voltage will appear across the transistor. Also, OR GATE.

24104    ◆         ORAL LD50(RAT) ◆         쥐를 대상으로 경구 투입시 50%의 치사에 도달하는 량

24105    ◆         Oral Toxicity       ◆         Ability of a pesticide to cause injury when ingested.

24106    ◆         orbital angular momentum          ◆            the cross product of the position vector of a particle moving about an origin and its linear momentum. Also, ORBITAL MOMENT.

24107    ◆         orbital plane      ◆         a plane containing the orbit of a body or particle in a central force field, passing through the center of force.

24108    ◆         orbital symmetry ◆         the ability of specific molecular orbitals to be carried into themselves or their negatives by geometrical operations, such as a 180° rotation about an axis in the molecule's plane or reflection through the plane.

24109    ◆         orbital theory     ◆         a description of the nature and behavior of electrons in an atom or molecule, based on the propositions that each individual electron moves in a definite wave pattern around a nucleus and that it is possible to predict accurately the region in which an electron with a specific energy level will be located.

24110    ◆         orbital-electron capture   ◆         an interaction during beta decay in which a nucleus captures an electron from the shell nearest the nucleus and releases a neutrino. Also, K-CAPTURE, K-ELECTRON CAPTURE.

24111    ◆         ordinary gear train          ◆         a gear train in which the axes remain in a fixed position relative to the frame.

24112    ◆         organ culture     ◆         the unlimited growth of isolated organs, usually embryonic in origin, in a sterile nutrient culture.

24113    ◆         Organic ◆         1. Referring to or derived from living organisms. 2. In chemistry, any compound containing car- bon.

24114    ◆         Organic Chemicals/Compounds    ◆            Naturally occuring (animal or plant-produced or synthetic) substances containing mainly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

24115    ◆         organic chemistry           ◆         a major branch of chemistry that deals with most compounds of carbon, including food and fuels.

24116    ◆         organic electrolyte cell     ◆         a wet cell that is composed of reactive metals, such as lithium, calcium, or magnesium, in conjunction with organic electrolytes, such as a lithium-cupric fluoride cell.

24117    ◆         organic geochemistry      ◆         the branch ofGeochemistry dealing with naturally occurring carbon-based and biologically derived substances within the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.

24118    ◆         ORGANIC MATERIALS      ◆         유기성물질; 탄소와 기타원소를 포함하는 화학물질

24119    ◆         ORGANIC MATTER          ◆         유기물질;

24120    ◆         Organic Matter   ◆         Carbonaceous waste contained in plant or animal matter and originating from domestic or industrial sources.

24121    ◆         ORGANIC POLYMER TECHNIQUES ◆            유기 중합체법(폐, 고화처리법 종류)

24122    ◆         organic quantitative analysis         ◆            the identification and measurement of the elements, functional groups, or molecules of an organic compound or mixture.

24123    ◆         ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENT       ◆            유기성토양개량; 토양구조를 개량시키고 토양의 영양염류 함유율을 증가시키기  위하여 광질토양에 식물과 동물의 잔류물을 첨가한다

24124    ◆         ORGANISM        ◆         생물. 유기체 : 관렴론적 비평이론

24125    ◆         Organism          ◆         Any form animal or plant life.

24126    ◆         Organophosphates          ◆            Pesticides that contain phosphorus; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied.

24127    ◆         Organophyllic     ◆         A substance that easily combines with organic compounds.

24128    ◆         Organotins         ◆         Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys, and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles.

24129    ◆         orientability of sound signal         ◆            the property of a sound signal that enables the listener or other acoustic receiver to determine the relative direction or range of its

24130    ◆         orientation         ◆         ㆍ the arrangement of atoms or radicals in a chemical compound.the arrangement of atoms or radicals in a chemical compound. ㆍ the positioning of atoms or radicals so that they are pointed in a definite direction rather than arranged at random.the positioning of atoms or radicals so that they are pointed in a definite direction rather than arranged at random.

24131    ◆         orientation effect ◆         the effect of molecular interaction on the specific positioning of individual molecules.

24132    ◆         orientation force ◆         an attraction or repulsion arising from the interaction between the dipole moments of two molecules. Also, orientation attraction.

24133    ◆         orientation matrix           ◆         a matrix that defines the orientational relationship between two objects; used for defining the mutual orientations of the crystal, diffractometer circles, and detection system in a computer-controlled automatic diffractometer.

24134    ◆         orientation vector           ◆         a vector direction that indicates the orientation of a robot's moving part.

24135    ◆         ORIFICE ◆         오리피스; 수처리시설에서 사용되는 유량측정 장치

24136    ◆         orifice gauge      ◆         a flow gauge consisting of a thin orifice plate clamped between pipe flanges, with pressure takeoffs drilled into the adjacent pipes.

24137    ◆         ORIFICE SCRUBBERS        ◆         오리피스 세정기 : 세정집진기의 한 종류

24138    ◆         ORM     ◆         Other Regulated Material

24139    ◆         ORP      ◆         Oxidation-Reduction Potential

24140    ◆         ORP, OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL            ◆         산화환원전위

24141    ◆         Orsat analyzer    ◆         an apparatus used to determine the composition of a mixture of gases by passing the mixture through a series of solvents, each of which absorbs only one of the gases.

24142    ◆         orthicon ◆         a television camera that resembles an iconoscope, but has a greater light intensity and can be used in places with less ambient light.

24143    ◆         orthochem         ◆         a chemical precipitate formed within a sediment or depositional basin as a result of direct chemical action.

24144    ◆         orthorhombic     ◆         of or relating to a system of crystallization in which three unequal axes intersect at right angles.

24145    ◆         orthotropic        ◆         having significantly different properties along two or more orthogonal axes. Wood is a common example of an orthotropic material, since its properties, such as stiffness and Young's modulus, have different values depending on whether the direction is parallel or perpendicular to the grain of the wood.

24146    ◆         OSC      ◆         비양론적 연소법  off-stoichiometric combustion

24147    ◆         osciducer           ◆         a transducer in which the frequency of an input signal varies proportionally from the center frequency of an oscillator. Also, oscillating transducer.

24148    ◆         oscillating conveyor        ◆         a vibrating conveyor with a relatively low frequency and large amplitude of motion.

24149    ◆         oscillating granulator       ◆         a particle-reducing device with oscillating bars arranged cylindrically.

24150    ◆         oscillating magnetic field ◆         a magnetic field that varies periodically in time, capable of inducing voltages and currents in conductive loops.

24151    ◆         oscillating reaction          ◆         a reaction that proceeds in an oscillatory manner; i.e., in which concentrations oscillate with time or space rather than changing in a monotonic way.

24152    ◆         oscillating screen            ◆         a separation screen that oscillates a sifting screen parallel to another screen.

24153    ◆         oscillation method          ◆         a method in which a photograph of the X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystal is obtained by oscillating the crystal through a small angular range. Thus, oscillation camera, oscillation photograph.

24154    ◆         oscillator harmonic interference    ◆            the interference that appears in a superheterodyne receiver when the incoming signal interacts with the harmonics of the local oscillator.

24155    ◆         oscillatory circuit ◆         a circuit in which inductance, capacitance, and resistance are so arranged that oscillations can be generated or sustained.

24156    ◆         oscillatory reaction          ◆         a chemical reaction in which the variables or components of the system change in a periodic manner.

24157    ◆         oscillistor           ◆         a bar of semiconductor material, such as germanium, that oscillates when subjected to a magnetic field and a direct current.

24158    ◆         oscillographic polarography         ◆            a form of polarography using oscillographic scanning to measure the concentration of conductive elements in an electrolytic solution.

24159    ◆         oscillometric titration       ◆         a technique that uses variable radio frequencies to analyze changes in an electrolytic solution to which a titrant has been added.

24160    ◆         oscillometry       ◆         a technique for measuring frequency in an electrode discharge in order to trace the progress of titrant in an electrolytic solution.

24161    ◆         oscilloscope       ◆         an instrument that uses a cathode-ray tube or similar instrument to display fluctuating electrical signals on a fluorescent screen; common applications include the testing of electronic equipment and the monitoring of electrical impulses from the heart or brain.

24162    ◆         oscilloscope tube            ◆         a cathode-ray tube that creates a visual representation of rapidly moving electric signals, which change in tandem with the signal's position.

24163    ◆         osmic    ◆         relating to or containing osmium

24164    ◆         osmium ◆         a metallic element having the symbol Os, the atomic number 76, an atomic weight of 190.2, a melting point of 2700°C, and a boiling point of 5300°C; it is a hard white metal of the platinum group that gives off fumes when heated in air. It is used as a hardener in alloys and as a catalyst. (Derived from a Greek word meaning smell; because of the powerful odor produced by oxidation of this element.)

24165    ◆         osmolality          ◆         the molality of a nonionizing substance in an ideal solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the solution itself.

24166    ◆         osmole  ◆         a unit equal to either the osmolality or osmolarity of a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as does a 1 mol/kg ideal solution of nonionizing substance.

24167    ◆         osmometer        ◆         a device for measuring the osmotic pressure exerted by a liquid passing through a semipermeable membrane.

24168    ◆         osmometry        ◆         the measurement of osmotic pressure, used to determine the lowering of the solvent chemical potential when solute is added; especially suited to polymer solutions that require a membrane impermeable to the solute molecules.

24169    ◆         osmosis ◆         the passage of a pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane, from a solution in which it has higher concentration to one in which it has lower concentration; this tends to equalize the concentration on either side of the membrane. For example, if a membrane will allow the passage of water molecules but not larger sugar molecules, the solvent (water) will tend to move from the region of higher concentration (pure water) to that of lower concentration (the solution of sugar and water).

24170    ◆         osmotic pressure ◆         ㆍ the force exerted on a semipermeable membrane that is between a pure solvent and a solution, or between two solutions of differing concentration, caused by the tendency of solvent molecules to pass through the membrane into the more dilute solution.the force exerted on a semipermeable membrane that is between a pure solvent and a solution, or between two solutions of differing concentration, caused by the tendency of solvent molecules to pass through the membrane into the more dilute solution. ㆍ the amount of external pressure that must be applied in order to stop this force, so as to prevent the normal process of osmosis, or to oppose it, so as to bring about a process of reverse osmosis. Also, osmotic gradient.the amount of external pressure that must be applied in order to stop this force, so as to prevent the normal process of osmosis, or to oppose it, so as to bring about a process of reverse osmosis.

24171    ◆         osmotic pressure  ( 침투압)         ◆            반투막 (용질을 통과시키지 않는 막) 을 개입시켜 한편에 용액을 두면 용매의 일부가 막을 통과시켜 용액중에  침투하고, 평형에 달한다. 이 때의 양측의 압력의 차를 용액의 침투압이라고 말한다.

24172    ◆         osmotic pressure difference (침투압차 )            ◆         침투 현상이 평형에 달했을 때, 반투막의 양옆에 생기는 압력차.

24173    ◆         Ostwald diagram ◆         a diagram plotting the percentage of carbon dioxide in a fuel against the percentage of oxygen in air.

24174    ◆         Ostwald indicator theory  ◆         a theory stating that indicators change color because they are weak acids or bases.

24175    ◆         Ostwald law       ◆         a law that relates the degree of ionization to concentration in the case of a weak electrolyte, using the expression K = 2C/1 - , where K is the ionization constant,  is the degree of ionization, and C is the molar concentration of the electrolyte. Also, Ostwald dilution law.

24176    ◆         Ostwald process ◆         a commercial process used to produce nitric acid in which ammonia is heated with a catalyst forming nitric oxide that is oxidized to yield nitrogen dioxide, which in turn reacts with water to yield nitric acid and nitric oxide.

24177    ◆         Ostwald ripening ◆         a phenomenon in which the smaller crystals in a solution reprecipitate onto larger crystals.

24178    ◆         Ostwald's rule     ◆         a law stating that if a substance can exist in more than one modification, the least stable will form first and eventually change into the more stable.

24179    ◆         OSWMD            ◆         현장처리스시템의 감독을 위한 기구; Onsite wastewater management districts

24180    ◆         OTAG    ◆         Ozone Transport Assessment Group

24181    ◆         OTC      ◆         Ozone Transport Commission

24182    ◆         OTHER HAZARDOUS WASTE        ◆            기타 유해폐기물(유해폐기물종류)

24183    ◆         other regulated substance            ◆            기타 규제물질

24184    ◆         OTHER RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS            ◆         기타자원 소요량; 단위 조작 및 공정의 선정과 평가시에 고려되어야 할 인자

24185    ◆         Other thermal processes such as heat conditioning, heat drying, incineration, pyrolysis, or tstarved air combustion   ◆         열 조절, 열건조, 소각, 열분해, 저공기 연소등의 열처리에 의한 방법; 슬러지 살균처리 방법

24186    ◆         OTR      ◆         현장 운전조건하에서의 실제 산소전달속도

24187    ◆         OTR      ◆         Ozone Transport Region

24188    ◆         Otto cycle          ◆         an actual version of this cycle, used in spark-ignition gasoline engines: first, an air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder and compressed; second, heat transfer is added by the spark ignition of the fuel mixture in the cylinder; third, the gases produced by this combustion expand to move the piston downward for the power stroke; fourth, the burned gases in the cylinder are expelled.

24189    ◆         Otto engine       ◆         a four-stroke internal combustion engine in which two complete revolutions of the crankshaft correspond with the working cycle.

24190    ◆         Otto fuel Ⅱ       ◆         Otto Fuel Ⅱ의 중독은 이 물질이 사용되거나 생산되는 지역에서 발생한다. 노출과다에 의한 가장 흔한 증상은 두통이다. 다른 영향은 평형감각의 감소, 눈-손 조정기능의 저하, 눈의 염증, 콧물울혈, 메스꺼움, 현기증, 호흡곤란 등이다. 이 물질은 미국의 환경보호국(EPA)에서 작성한 1,430개의 국제적 중요도 리스트 사이트의 최소한 2번째에 있다.        Otto Fuel Ⅱ이란 무엇인가?        Otto Fuel Ⅱ미국 해군의 어뢰와 다른 무기 시스템을 위한 연료로서 독특한 냄새가 나는 불그스레한 오렌지색의 유성 액체이다. 이것은 세가지 합성물질의 혼합물이다. : propylene glycol dinitrate (the major component), 2-nitrodiphenyamine, dibutyl sebacate        Propylene glycol dinitrate는 불쾌한 냄새가 나는 무색의 액체이며 폭발성이 있다. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine은 propylene glycol dinitrate의 폭발성을 조절하는데 사용되는 오렌지색 고체이다. Dibutyl sebacate는 플라스틱을 만드는데 사용되는 액체이며 대부분은 식품포장랲을 만드는데 사용된다. 또한 아이스크림, 사탕, 구운 음식, 비알콜 음료수 등과 같은 일부 음식의 맛을 증가시키고 면도 크림에서도 사용된다.        ATSDRIC@cdc.gov

24191    ◆         Otto-Lardillon method     ◆         a numerical method to compute the trajectory of missiles with low velocities and quadrant angles of departure that may be high; it assumes that drag is proportional to velocity squared.

24192    ◆         O-type backward-wave oscillator   ◆            a device that generates pulsating energy by producing a stream of electrons traveling in one direction, and microwaves traveling in the opposite direction, and then forcing the two to interact. Also, O-type carcinotron.

24193    ◆         Oudeman law     ◆         a rule stating that the molecular rotations of the various salts of an acid or base decline at the same rate as the concentration of the solution drops to zero.

24194    ◆         OUR, =OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE      ◆            산소소비속도; 미생물의 활동도를 나타낼 수 있는 척도로서, 미생물이 산소를 이용하는 정도를 나타냄

24195    ◆         outage  ◆         the difference between rated capacity and actual content of a barrel, tank, or tank car.

24196    ◆         outage method   ◆         a technique for determining the volume of liquid in a tank by measuring the distance between the top of the tank and the top of the liquid. Also, outage gauge.

24197    ◆         outbreeding       ◆         the mating of unrelated animals of the same breed to eliminate unwanted characteristics.

24198    ◆         OUTER CONE     ◆         외부불꽃 : 불꽃의 끝

24199    ◆         outer orbital complex      ◆         a system in which the electrons shared by molecules to form bonds have the same energy level as electrons not involved in the bonding process; found chiefly in metal molecules.

24200    ◆         OUTER VORTEX  ◆         외부 선회류