환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24301-24400

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24301-24400

번호                  용어                  해설

24301    ◆         ozone monitoring           ◆         오존 감시(모니터링)

24302    ◆         ozonolysis          ◆         the use of ozone to break the unsaturated bonds in an organic compound in order to determine their positions by identifying the carbonyl compounds formed.

24303    ◆         P.C.B 피해[P.C.B POLLUTION]         ◆            1966년 스웨덴의 젠슨(jensen)이 독시리와 물새의 체내에 함유된 유기염소화합물이 PCB인 것을 밝혀냈다. PCB는 폴리 크롤 바이페닐(Poly chlor biphenyl)의 약칭으로서 현재 25종이 있으며, 결합된 염소수에 따라 화학적 성질에 차이가 있다. 일반적으로 불에 타지 않고 열에 안전하고, 불휘발성, 전기 절연성 등의 성질을 가지고 있어 다양하게 이용되고 있다. 즉, PCB는 트랜스포머 콘덴서의 절연유(絶緣由), 각종 공업의 가열(加熱)과 냉각의 열매개체, 기계류의 윤활유, 전기줄의 절연피막, 절연 테이프, 폴리에틸렌 수지, 폴리에스터 수지, 고무 등의 혼합체(混合體) 접착제, 니스, 왁스, 아스팔트 등에 섞여 쓰인다. 또한 불에 타지 않는 도료(塗料), 물에 견디는 도료, 벌레가 쓸지 않는 도료 등에 사용되며, 인쇄 잉크, 복사지, 종이의 코팅, 농약의 효력연장을 위해 널리 사용된다.        이렇게 널리 사용된 PCB는 자연계에서 분해되지 않아 우리의 환경을 오염시켜 우리에게 많은 피해를 준다. PCB에 중독되면 안질(眼疾)이 늘어나고, 손톱과 발톱이 변색하고, 일반 증상으로는 식욕 부진, 구토, 사지탈력감(四肢脫力感) 마비, 관절통, 월경이상, 체중 감소 등이 일어난다. 또한 PCB는 성대를 통하여 모체(母體)에서 태아에게 전해지며 동일한 증상을 보인다.        일본에서 PCB에 오염된 식용유(食用油)를 통해, 평균 약 2gr정도의 PCB를 섭취하고 9백13명이 중독된 일이 있었다. 미국에서는 PCB와 비슷한 화학물질 PBB 엄청난 양의 계란, 치즈, 버터, 분유에 오염되어 폐기 처분되었으며, [미시가] 주에서는 2년동안 소가 3만 마리 이상, 돼지 6천마리, 양이 2천마리, 닭이 50만 마리가 PBB로 인해 몰살당했다. PCB와 같은 안정된 화학물질은 그야말로 버릴수도 태울 수도 없는 것이다. 그냥 강으로 버리면 하천과 바다를 오염시키고, 땅에 묻는다면 토양을 오염시키고, 태운다면 대기를 오염시킨다. 환경에 잔류하는 이독성 물질은 다시 먹이 연쇄를 통해 결국 우리의 생명을 노리게 된다. 공장 굴뚝에서 나오는 시커먼 매연이 우리의 허파 속까지 들어오듯이, 우리들 주위에서 흔하게 사용되고 버려지고 있는 PCB와 같은 위험한 화학물질은 우리의 생존을 위협하고 또한 우리들 자신에게 치명적인 피해를 가져올 것이다.

24304    ◆         P2         ◆         Pollution Prevention

24305    ◆         P-디크로로벤젠   ◆         자극성이 있는 고체로, 승화성(기체가 되는 성질)이 있다.   의료용 방충제, 방취제, 살충제, 훈증제 등에 사용된다. 중독 되면 두통, 비염 등의 증상이 나타나며 직업성 중독의 중증 사례로는 폐, 간, 신장의 장애가 밝혀진 바 있다.

24306    ◆         P-디크로로벤젠   ◆         자극성이 있는 고체로, 승화성(기체가 되는 성질)이 있다. 의료용 방충제, 방취제, 살충제, 훈증제 등에 사용된다. 중독되면 두통, 비염 등의 증상이 나타나며 직업성 중독의 중증 사례로는 폐, 간, 신장의 장애가 밝혀진 바 있다.

24307    ◆         P-디클로로벤젠   ◆         무색이나 흰색의 자극성, 휘발성이 있는 독특한 냄새의 고체이다. 옷장의 훈증살충제, 살균제, 의료용 방충제, 탈취제로 사용된다. 증기에 노출 시 현기증, 두통, 비염 등이 나타나며, 과장 노출 시 독성 간염, 황달, 호흡곤란 등 증상이 나타난다.

24308    ◆         PA        ◆         예비평가; 불량매립지 개선절차중의 첫 단계.  Preliminary Assessment

24309    ◆         PAATS   ◆         PCRA Adiministrate A ction Tracking System

24310    ◆         Pachuca tank      ◆         a vertical, cylindrical tank used in theChemical treatment of ores, in which the pulp is reacted with suitable solvents for long periods, while the contents are agitated by compressed air.

24311    ◆         Package plants   ◆         상업적으로 판매되는 처리시스템을 의미

24312    ◆         package power reactor    ◆         a nuclear power plant scaled down so as to be easily transportable.

24313    ◆         PACKAGE PRE-ENGINEERED SYSTEM            ◆         조립식 일괄 처리 시스템

24314    ◆         packaged magnetron       ◆         a unit that contains a magnetron, its magnetic circuit, and its output matching device.

24315    ◆         packaging density           ◆         ㆍ the number of active devices per unit volume in a system or a subsystem.the number of active devices per unit volume in a system or a subsystem. ㆍ a computer's storage capacity, based on the number of information units in a specific segment of its magnetic medium.a computer's storage capacity, based on the number of information units in a specific segment of its magnetic medium.

24316    ◆         packed bed        ◆         a process vessel that consists of a vertical tower filled with particulate solids supported by a plate and a flow distributor; used in catalysis, ion exchange, distillation, and mixing.

24317    ◆         packed bed reactor         ◆         a tubular bioreactor that is filled with a solid matrix; the medium enters and percolates through the matrix, during which the substrate is converted to product.

24318    ◆         Packed Bed Scrubber       ◆         An air pollution control device in which emissions pass through alkaline water to neutralize hydrogen chloride gas.

24319    ◆         PACKED BED TYPE           ◆         충전층식; 세정집진장치종류

24320    ◆         PACKED COLUMN           ◆         충진컬럼 : 기체액체 크로마토그래피에서 사용되는 컬럼

24321    ◆         packed fluid       ◆         fluid injected into the annulus between the tubing and the casing above a packer, so that pressure differences may be reduced across the packer and between the formation and the inside of the casing.

24322    ◆         Packed Tower     ◆         A pollution control device that forces dirty air through a tower packed with crushed rock or wood chips while liquid is sprayed over the packing material. The pollutants in the air stream either dissolve or chemically react with the liquid.

24323    ◆         packed tower     ◆         an industrial mass-transfer device that consists of a

vertical, cylindrical shell filled with packing supported by a plate and a flow distributor; used primarily for rectification, stripping, humidification, and distillation.

24324    ◆         PACKED-BED REACTOR    ◆         충진층 반응조

24325    ◆         Packer   ◆         An inflatable gland, or balloon, used to create a temporary seal in a borehole, probe hole, well, or drive casing. It is made of rubber or non-reactive materials. Palatable Water, at a desirable temperature, that is free from objectionable tastes, odors, color, and turbidity.

24326    ◆         packing ◆         the atomic or ionic arrangement in a crystal that characterizes the crystal's structural features.

24327    ◆         packing density  ◆         ㆍ the amount of information a given storage medium, such as a tape, photograph, or magnetic drum, can hold.the amount of information a given storage medium, such as a tape, photograph, or magnetic drum, can hold. ㆍ the number of elements within a given area of an integrated circuit.the number of elements within a given area of an integrated circuit.  Computer Programming. the number of bits or storage cells per unit length, area, or volume on a storage medium; for example, the number of characters per track on a disk.  Geology. the degree to which the grains of a sedimentary rock fill the gross volume of a rock, as contrasted with the spaces between the grains.

24328    ◆         packing index     ◆         the volume of space occupied by an atom or ion in a crystal, divided by the volume occupied by the unit cell.

24329    ◆         PACKING MATERIAL        ◆         충전물질, 충전물

24330    ◆         packing radius    ◆         one-half the distance between nearest-neighbor atom or ion centers in a crystal arrangement.

24331    ◆         pad       ◆         ㆍ a fixed attenuator.a fixed attenuator. ㆍ to reduce the frequency in an inductance-capacitance circuit by greatly increasing the capacitance.to reduce the frequency in an inductance-capacitance circuit by greatly increasing the capacitance.

24332    ◆         padder  ◆         a device that is added to the oscillator-tuning circuit in a radio receiver to control calibration at the low-frequency end of the tuning range.

24333    ◆         paddlewheel       ◆         a wheel at the side or stern of a ship, fitted with blades that enter the water more or less perpendicularly to propel the ship.

24334    ◆         PAG      ◆         Pesticide Assignment Guidelines

24335    ◆         PAH      ◆         다핵 방향족 탄화수소 : Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,

24336    ◆         PAH      ◆         Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

24337    ◆         pahoehoe          ◆         a Hawaiian term for a basaltic lava flow typified by a smooth, wavy, or ropy surface and a glassy outer skin. Also, ROPY LAVA.

24338    ◆         PAI        ◆         Performance Audit Inspection(CWA): Pure Active Ingredient Compound

24339    ◆         paint     ◆         an informal term for the target image on a radarscope.

24340    ◆         pair       ◆         two components of a kinematic mechanism that are connected so as to constrain relative motion. Also, KINEMATIC PAIR.

24341    ◆         pair production  ◆         the phenomenon of relativistic materialization of energy that results in the simultaneous creation of a negative electron (negatron) and a positive electron (positron) when a photon is absorbed by a nucleus; the reverse of this process, annihilation, occurs when a positron collides with an electron and both disappear, their combined energy being converted into two photons of equal frequency.

24342    ◆         pairing  ◆         the meshing of two fields of a television picture into one frame, so that instead of being properly spaced, they appear in pairs; when this faulty interlace is serious, the lines of alternate fields can pair up and fall on one another, which cuts the vertical resolution in half.

24343    ◆         pairing element  ◆         either one of two parts of a mechanism that are connected to allow motion.

24344    ◆         pairing energy    ◆         the energy gained by action of the attractive, short-range residual force (pairing force) between two like nucleons in an antisymmetric spin state.

24345    ◆         pairing isomer    ◆         an instance of esoteric isomeric states resulting from different, very small-range motions of the nucleons that make up the nucleus.

24346    ◆         paleomagnetic stratigraphy          ◆            the analysis of natural remanent magnetization to identify discrete stratigraphic units.

24347    ◆         paleomagnetics  ◆         the study of the earth's magnetic field through time, including its changes and the reasons for these changes, done mainly through analysis of remanent magnetization of rocks.

24348    ◆         paleovolcanology            ◆         the study of volcanic activity during the geologic past.

24349    ◆         palladium          ◆         a metallic element having the symbol Pd, the atomic number 46, an atomic weight of 106.4, a melting point of 1552°C, and a boiling point of 2927°C; a silvery-white ductile metal. It is used as a base for dental alloys, electrical components, jewelry, and catalysts. (Named for the asteroid Pallas.)

24350    ◆         pallet    ◆         ㆍ a lever, click, or pawl that regulates or drives a ratchet wheel.a lever, click, or pawl that regulates or drives a ratchet wheel. ㆍ a disk or piston in a chain pump.a disk or piston in a chain pump.

24351    ◆         Palmer scan       ◆         a method by which a radar system scans both the azimuth and the elevation of a target area; a combination of a circular radar scan with a conical scan.

24352    ◆         palpable coordinate        ◆         a generalized coordinate that explicitly appears in the Lagrangian of a system.

24353    ◆         PAM      ◆         Pestcide Analytical Manual

24354    ◆         PAMS    ◆         Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations

24355    ◆         PAN ARREST      ◆         접시 고정장치 : 홑접시 저울의 종류

24356    ◆         pancake engine  ◆         a compact engine in which the cylinders are positioned one above the other, radially, horizontally, or side by side, as in an airplane wing.

24357    ◆         Pandemic           ◆         A widespread epidemic throughout an area, nation or the world.

24358    ◆         panel display      ◆         a method for presenting color-television pictures in which luminescent devices, such as light-emitting diodes, are controlled by signals transmitted by vertical and horizontal wires attached to their electrodes.

24359    ◆         panel truck        ◆         a small, enclosed truck or van with side panels, typically used to carry light loads or as a delivery vehicle.

24360    ◆         Paneth's (adsorption) rule ◆         a rule stating that an element will be adsorbed on a solid substance with the opposite electrical charge, provided the resulting compound is relatively insoluble in the solvent.

24361    ◆         panning technique          ◆         a technique that uses affinity chromatography to isolate or purify certain cell types.

24362    ◆         panoramic adapter          ◆         a device that can be attached to a search receiver to provide it with a visual presentation of the band of frequencies extending above and below the center frequency to which the search receiver is tuned.

24363    ◆         panoramic display           ◆         a device that presents the relative amplitudes of all signals received at various frequencies.

24364    ◆         panoramic receiver          ◆         a radio receiver that displays on a cathode-ray-tube screen the presence of all signals and their relative strengths across a wide frequency band.

24365    ◆         pan-range          ◆         a radar detection method in which stationary targets appear as solid vertical deflections and moving targets appear as broken vertical deflections.

24366    ◆         Papanicolaou stain          ◆         any of a group of stains used to color exfoliated cells for diagnostic purposes, as in the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear).

24367    ◆         Paper    ◆         In he recycling business, refers to products and materials, including newspapers, magazines, office papers, corrugated containers, bags and some paperboard packaging that can be recycled into new paper products.

24368    ◆         paper chromatography    ◆         a separation technique in which a substance is placed at one end of a strip of paper that is then dipped in a solvent which carries each constituent to a different place along the paper; after drying, the spots are compared to standards.

24369    ◆         paper electrochromatography       ◆            a separation technique in which a substance is placed on an electrolyte-impregnated strip of paper and a current is passed across the width of the strip, at right angles to the downward movement of the sample.

24370    ◆         paper electrophoresis      ◆         a separation technique in which a substance is placed on an electrolyte-impregnated strip of paper and a current is passed along the length of the strip in the direction of the sample flow.

24371    ◆         paper machine   ◆         a synchronized system of mechanical devices in which cellulose fibers are formed, pressed between rollers, dried, smoothed, wound on reels, cut into widths, and finally wound on rolls or cut into sheets.

24372    ◆         Paper Processor/Plastics Processor ◆            Intermediate facility where recovered paper or plastic products and materials are sorted, decontaminated, and prepared for final recycling.

24373    ◆         PARALLEL           ◆         병렬형(수)의 시스템구성

24374    ◆         parallel buffer     ◆         a device, such as a magnetic core or flip-flop, that temporarily stores computer information in parallel, instead of series storing.

24375    ◆         parallel feed       ◆         the introduction of DC voltage into the electrodes of a device, in parallel with the AC circuit. Also, SHUNT FEED.

24376    ◆         parallel linkage   ◆         a system of links that amplifies reciprocating motion.

24377    ◆         parallel operation            ◆         the practice of joining the outputs of two or more power sources, such as batteries, so that they power the same system or unit.

24378    ◆         parallel rectifier  ◆         a device that is created when two or more rectifiers are connected to the same pair of terminals in a circuit in order to generate more current.

24379    ◆         parallel resonant interstage          ◆            an intermediate stage that is created between two amplifier stages when their signals are coupled by a parallel inductance-capacitance circuit.

24380    ◆         parallel twin       ◆         a twinned crystal in which the twin axis is a crystal edge lying in the composition plane.

24381    ◆         parallel-axis theorem       ◆         a theorem stating that the moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a parallel axis through its center of mass, plus the product of its mass and the square of the perpendicular distance between the two parallel axes. Also, STEINER'S THEOREM.

24382    ◆         parallel-rod oscillator      ◆         a device that generates alternating current at ultrahigh frequencies from the charging power supplied by two parallel rods in its circuit.

24383    ◆         paramagnetic     ◆         of a substance, having a magnetic permeability greater than that of a vacuum but significantly less than that of ferromagnetic materials such as iron; the permeability of a paramagnetic substance is considered to be independent of an external magnetizing force. Paramagnetic substances are magnetized parallel to the line of force in an applied magnetic field, in proportion to the strength of the field.

24384    ◆         paramagnetic analytical method    ◆            the analysis of a fluid mixture by measurement of the interaction of its constituents with a magnetic field.

24385    ◆         parameter          ◆         ㆍ an operating value, constant, or coefficient that is a dependent or independent variable such as a transistor-electrode current or voltage.an operating value, constant, or coefficient that is a dependent or independent variable such as a transistor-electrode current or voltage. ㆍ a measure of system performance.a measure of system performance. 3. the ratio of one coefficient to another when both are either fixed or variable.the ratio of one coefficient to another when both are either fixed or variable.

24386    ◆         Parameter          ◆         A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of a system; e.g., temperature, pressure, and density are parameters of the atmosphere.

24387    ◆         parametric acoustic array ◆         a long array of transducers that uses differences in parameters, normally sound speed and particle velocity, to determine desired information, such as distance and direction, by producing a dual-frequency sound beam and using the resulting difference frequencies.

24388    ◆         parametric amplifier        ◆         an amplifier whose operation is based on the use of a parametric device. Also, PARAMP, REACTANCE AMPLIFIER  Optics. a device that amplifies optical waves by means of interaction between a high-frequency laser beam and an optically nonlinear crystal.

24389    ◆         parametric converter       ◆         a parametric device that changes an input signal at one frequency into an output signal at a different frequency.

24390    ◆         parametric device           ◆         an electronic device whose operations are controlled by a time variation in one of its elements, generally a reactance.

24391    ◆         parametric down-converter          ◆            a parametric device that changes the frequency of an output signal, so that it is lower than the input signal.

24392    ◆         parametric oscillator        ◆         a device that varies the amount of reactance in an energy-storage component to obtain oscillation.  Optics. a device that employs a parametric amplifier to produce a coherent beam of light tunable over a wide range of wavelengths.

24393    ◆         parametric up-converter  ◆         a parametric device that changes the frequency of an output signal, so that it is higher than the input signal.

24394    ◆         parametrized voice-response system            ◆         an electroacoustic system that converts a voice input into electroacoustical signals to be analyzed electronically for comparison with one or more predetermined characteristics, so that a voice within the established parameters will generate a certain response from the system.

24395    ◆         parametron        ◆         a resonant circuit in which a signal oscillates at half the driving frequency; used as a digital computer element so that the oscillation represents a binary digit in the circuit.

24396    ◆         paraphase amplifier         ◆         an amplifier that converts one input signal into two equally matched out-of-phase output signals.

24397    ◆         Paraquat            ◆         A standard herbicide used to kill various types of crops, including marijuana. Causes lung damage if smoke from the crop is inhaled.

24398    ◆         parasitic element ◆         an antenna element that is driven indirectly by radiation from another antenna element.

24399    ◆         parasitic oscillation         ◆         the undesired signals that rise above or drop below the operating frequency of an oscillator or an amplifier, chiefly seen in those with vacuum tubes.

24400    ◆         parasitic suppressor        ◆         a device that inhibits parasitic high-frequency oscillations, usually consisting of a coil and resistor connected in parallel.