환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21901-22000

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21901-22000

번호                  용어                  해설

21901    ◆         LAND DEGRADATION      ◆         토지황폐화 : 기후변동 및 인간활동을 포함한 다양한 요인으로 토지가 황폐화되어 가는 형상

21902    ◆         Land Disposal Restrictions            ◆            Rules that require hazardous wastes to be treated before disposal on land to destroy or immobilize hazardous constituents that might migrate into soil and ground water.

21903    ◆         Land Farming (of Waste)  ◆         A disposal process in which hazardous waste deposited on or in the soil is degraded naturally by microbes.

21904    ◆         LAND system     ◆         토지체제

21905    ◆         LAND TREATMENT PROCESS        ◆            토지처리공정;

21906    ◆         Lande g factor    ◆         a dimensionless factor used in calculating the measure of the ratio of the angular momentum of a subatomic particle to its magnetic moment in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Also, G-FACTOR.

21907    ◆         LANDFARMING   ◆         토양경작법; 토양복원기술로서 식물을 경작하여 오염물질을 정화하는 방법

21908    ◆         LANDFILL           ◆         매립지; 토양에 폐기물을 처분하기 위하여 사용되는 물리적 시설　

21909    ◆         LANDFILL CLOSURE         ◆         매립종료; 매립이 완료된 매립지를 마무리짓는 작업으로 장래 토지이용계획에 따라 안전하게 마무리 하는 단계를 말한다.

21910    ◆         LANDFILL CONTROL FACILITIES     ◆            매립지설비; 차수막, 침출수 집수시설 및 배출시설, 매립가스의 포집시설과 배출시설 그리고 당일 및 최종복토층등을 모두 포함한다.

21911    ◆         LANDFILL FOR COMMINGLED MSW            ◆         혼합도시폐기물 매립지; 매립지의 유형

21912    ◆         LANDFILL FOR INDIVIDUAL WASTE CONSTITUENTS  ◆         단일성분폐기물매립지; 매립지의 유형

21913    ◆         LANDFILL FOR SHREDDED SOLID WASTES            ◆         파쇄폐기물 매립지; 매립지의 유형

21914    ◆         LANDFILL GAS    ◆         매립가스; 매립지에서 발생하는 가스의 혼합물

21915    ◆         LANDFILL LINER  ◆         매립지 차수막 : 매립지의 바닥면과 경사면을 덮는데 사용되는 인공적인 또는 자연적인 물질을 말한다.

21916    ◆         LANDFILL MINING          ◆         매립지 굴착

21917    ◆         LANDFILLING     ◆         매립; 매립지에 폐기물들을 처분하는 것

21918    ◆         Landfills ◆         1. Sanitary landfills are disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by mater applied at the end of each operting day, 2. Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for hazardous waste, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment.

21919    ◆         Landscape          ◆         The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological com-position, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form.

21920    ◆         Landscape Characterization          ◆            Documentation of the traits and patterns of the essential elements of the landscape.

21921    ◆         Landscape Ecology          ◆         The study of the distrbution patterns of communities and ecosystems, the ecological processes that affect those patterns, and changes in pattern and process over time.

21922    ◆         Landscape Indicator        ◆         A measurement of the landscape, calculated from mapped or remotely sensed data, used to describe spatial patterns of land use and land cover across a geographic area. Landscape indicators may be useful as measures of certain kinds of environmental degradation such as forest fragmentation.

21923    ◆         Landscape irrigation        ◆         조경관개;

21924    ◆         LAND-SEA BREEZE          ◆         해륙풍 : 육지와 바다사이에 부는 바람

21925    ◆         Langelier Index (LI)          ◆         An index reflecting the equilibrium pH of a water with respect to calcium and alkalinity; used in stabilizing water to control both corrosion and scale deposition.

21926    ◆         Langevin ion-mobility theories      ◆            two separate theories that explain the actions of ions in gases; in the first, atoms and ions are believed to interact through a hard-sphere collision; the second argues that in addition to the repulsion that occurs when atoms and ions come into close contact, there is also an attraction between them that arises from the polarization of the atoms in the ion's field.

21927    ◆         Langevin ion-recombination theory            ◆         a theory that predicts the rate at which negative and positive ions will recombine in an ionized gas, based on the assumption that there is mutual attraction between ions with opposing polarities and that their velocities are determined by their mobility.

21928    ◆         Langevin radiation pressure          ◆            the pressures and tensile forces that occur on the boundary surfaces of a fluid volume due to the nonlinearity of the sound field equation.

21929    ◆         Langevin theory of diamagnetism ◆            a theory stating that diamagnetism results from currents caused by the Larmor precession of electrons inside atoms.

21930    ◆         LANGLEY           ◆         랭글리 : 일사량은 단위 시간당 단위면적에서 받는 열량으로 표시된다. Ly, Cal/cm2

21931    ◆         Langmuir adsorption isotherm      ◆            an equation that gives the amount of substance adsorbed on a surface as a function of the pressure exerted; it assumes that the molecules are adsorbed as a single layer, that there is no interaction between adsorbed molecules, and that temperature is constant; used chiefly for the adsorption of gaseous materials on a solid surface. Also, Langmuir (isotherm) equation.

21932    ◆         Langmuir adsorption model         ◆            a formula that describes the pressure dependence of gas adsorption on a solid surface; expressed as Ci = afn/(1 + af), where Ci is the concentration of adsorbed gas molecules, a is an equilibrium constant, f is the gas fugacity, and n is the concentration of potential adsorption sites on the surface.

21933    ◆         Langmuir dark space       ◆         the area around the negatively charged probe that is inserted into the positive column of a glow discharge tube, from which little light emanates.

21934    ◆         Langmuir-Blodgett film    ◆         a monomolecular film produced by dipping a solid in water having a compressed surface layer of molecules that are amphiphilic; i.e., they have polar ends that readily interact with water and nonpolar ends that resist water; thus their alignment is highly regularized.

21935    ◆         lantern pinion    ◆         a type of gear pinion with cylindrical bars set between two parallel disks.

21936    ◆         lantern ring        ◆         a packing ring or sleeve for a rotating shaft with an H-shaped cross section that feeds pumped lubricants to bearing surfaces.

21937    ◆         lapel microphone            ◆         a small microphone positioned close to a person's mouth, usually attached to a piece of clothing such as a jacket lapel; used in television interviews, theater performances, and other such situations in which a larger, more visible microphone is undesirable.

21938    ◆         lapilli     ◆         small fragments of pyroclastic material, ranging from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, that are blown out from an erupting volcano.

21939    ◆         Laplace's equation           ◆         a relationship for the speed of sound in a gas, as given by c = (p/), where  is the ratio of specific heats of the gas, p is the gas pressure, and  is the density.  Mathematics. the elliptic partial differential equation for a scalar-valued function on Euclidean space that sets the sum of all the nonmixed second partial derivatives equal to zero.

21940    ◆         lapping  ◆         ㆍ a process by which quartz crystal plates are passed over a flat plate covered with a liquid abrasive to raise them to their final frequency.a process by which quartz crystal plates are passed over a flat plate covered with a liquid abrasive to raise them to their final frequency. ㆍ a process by which products, such as semiconductor blanks, are ground and polished so that they are an exact thickness or smoothness.a process by which products, such as semiconductor blanks, are ground and polished so that they are an exact thickness or smoothness.

21941    ◆         Large center diffusion well           ◆            대형 중앙분산정; 침전지에서 발생되는 밀도류 하강의 문제를 해결하는 대안

21942    ◆         Large Quantity Generator ◆         Person or facility generating more than 2200 pounds of hazardous waste per month. Such generators produce about 90 percent of the nation's hazardous waste, and are subject to all RCRA requirements.

21943    ◆         Large Water System        ◆         A water system that services more than 50,000 customers.

21944    ◆         large-scale integration     ◆         the construction of over 100 different devices mounted onto a single substrate, in order to carry out an extensive range of operations.

21945    ◆         laryngophone     ◆         a throat-contact microphone designed to pick up the voice directly, so as to minimize extraneous noise.

21946    ◆         laser amplifier    ◆         an amplifier whose operation is based on light amplification by stimulated radiation.

21947    ◆         laser Doppler anemometer           ◆            an optical device that measures fluid movement based on the scattering of laser light by small particles in the fluid.

21948    ◆         laser flash tube   ◆         a device that is filled with xenon to provide an intense flash of light when a high voltage is applied to its electrodes; used to reverse electron distribution and increase the energy level in a laser.

21949    ◆         Laser Induced Fluorescence          ◆            A method for measuring the relative amount of soil and/or groundwater with an in-situ sensor.

21950    ◆         laser radiation detector    ◆         a device that senses the coherent light in a laser beam.

21951    ◆         laser threshold   ◆         the least amount of pumping energy needed to trigger a laser beam.

21952    ◆         laser-induced nuclear polarization ◆            an optical pumping process that uses a polarized laser light to force the spin vectors of an ensemble of nuclei to point in one direction.

21953    ◆         latch     ◆         a bistable circuit whose state is changed by applying a signal to its input, remaining unchanged even after the input is removed.

21954    ◆         latch-up ◆         ㆍ the failure of the collector voltage in a circuit to return to the supply voltage when a transistor is switched from saturation to cutoff.the failure of the collector voltage in a circuit to return to the supply voltage when a transistor is switched from saturation to cutoff. ㆍ the failure of a stable circuit mode to return to a previous mode after a stimulus, such as radiation, is removed.the failure of a stable circuit mode to return to a previous mode after a stimulus, such as radiation, is removed. 3. the characteristic of certain amplifiers to remain in their saturation mode after the maximum voltage has been exceeded.the characteristic of certain amplifiers to remain in their saturation mode after the maximum voltage has been exceeded. 4. the switching that occurs when an improper voltage is applied in an electrical circuit.the switching that occurs when an improper voltage is applied in an electrical circuit.

21955    ◆         Latency  ◆         Time from the first exposure of a chemical until the appearance of a toxic effect.

21956    ◆         LATENT HEAT     ◆         잠열 물질이 온도,압력의 변화를 보이지 않고 평형을 유지하면서 한 상에서 다른 상으로 전이 할때 흡수 또는 발생하는 열.

21957    ◆         LATENT HEAT OF CONDENSATION            ◆         응결잠열

21958    ◆         latent load         ◆         the extra load on an air conditioner required to cool moisture that condenses and must be removed from the conditioned space.

21959    ◆         latent magma     ◆         a highly viscous, nearly solid magma that is found beneath the earth's crust; densely packed under high pressure during the latter stages of volcanic activity, it may flow again when pressure decreases.

21960    ◆         LATERAL DIFFUSION        ◆         측면확산

21961    ◆         Lateral Sewers    ◆         Pipes that run under city streets and receive the sewage from homes and businesses, as opposed to domestic feeders and main trunk lines.

21962    ◆         latitude effect     ◆         a variation of a quantity with latitude, especially an increase in cosmic-ray intensity with increasing magnetic latitude.

21963    ◆         latitude variation ◆         a periodic change in the latitude of a given location that is caused by wandering of the poles.

21964    ◆         lattice filter        ◆         a four-terminal filter in which each of the two input terminals is connected by a branch to each of the two output terminals.

21965    ◆         lattice network    ◆         a network consisting of four branches connected in series to form a mesh, in which two nonadjacent junction points serve as input terminals and the remaining two serve as output terminals.

21966    ◆         Laue equations   ◆         equations showing that the path length differences of waves diffracted by atoms separated by one lattice translation must be an integral number of wavelengths for diffraction (i.e., reinforcement) to occur; further, that this condition must be true simultaneously in all three dimensions: PD1 = h1, PD2 = h2, PD3 = h3, where  is the wavelength of the radiation, PD represents the path difference, and h is the order of diffraction.

21967    ◆         Laundering Weir ◆         Sedimention basin overflow weir.

21968    ◆         lava       ◆         ㆍ a molten mass of rock material that is extruded by a volcano or through a fissure in the earth.a molten mass of rock material that is extruded by a volcano or through a fissure in the earth. ㆍ the rock that is formed by the cooling and solidifying of such molten material. (From a Neopolitan dialectal term; going back to a Latin word meaning sliding or falling.)the rock that is formed by the cooling and solidifying of such molten material. (From a Neopolitan dialectal term; going back to a Latin word meaning sliding or falling.)

21969    ◆         lava blisters        ◆         small, hollow, steep-sided swellings produced on the surface of some lava flows by gas bubbles that push up the lava's viscous surface.

21970    ◆         lava column       ◆         a shaft of solidified or fluid lava found in a volcanic vent. Also, MAGMA COLUMN.

21971    ◆         lava field            ◆         a wide expanse of lava that often forms along the base or on the sides of a volcano.

21972    ◆         lava flow            ◆         ㆍ a stream or sheet of molten lava that flows laterally over the surface of the earth from a volcanic vent or fissure.a stream or sheet of molten lava that flows laterally over the surface of the earth from a volcanic vent or fissure. ㆍ the mass of solidified rock produced by the congealing of such a flow.the mass of solidified rock produced by the congealing of such a flow.

21973    ◆         lava fountain      ◆         a plume of incandescent molten lava sprayed vertically into the air from a volcanic vent or fissure.

21974    ◆         lava lake ◆         a lake of molten, partially solidified, or solidified lava occurring within a volcanic crater or other depression.

21975    ◆         Lavelled Item      ◆         환경표시품목

21976    ◆         LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY            ◆         에너지 보존의 법칙; 에너지는 생산되거나 소멸되지 않고 평형을 이룬다는 열역학 제 1법칙

21977    ◆         law of constant angles     ◆         a law covering the interfacial angles in all crystals of a given sort stating that angles between corresponding faces have a constant value.

21978    ◆         law of corresponding state           ◆            a law stating that when two substances have ratios of pressure, temperature, or volume to their respective critical properties, and two of these ratios are equal, the third ratio must equal the other two.

21979    ◆         law of magnetism           ◆         a law stating that common magnetic poles repel each other, whereas unlike magnetic poles attract each other.

21980    ◆         lawnmower or lawn mower          ◆            a radar-preamplifier noise limiter that reduces grass (a pattern on the display screen of small deflections from the base line, having the appearance of a cross section of lawn).

21981    ◆         layer     ◆         ㆍ any of the concentric zones inside the earth that are defined by abrupt changes in seismic properties.any of the concentric zones inside the earth that are defined by abrupt changes in seismic properties. ㆍ any of the distinct regions in the ionosphere.any of the distinct regions in the ionosphere. 3. any of the flat geological structures.any of the flat geological structures.

21982    ◆         layer depth effect            ◆         a weakening of a sound beam or seismic pulse as it spreads while passing from a positive gradient layer to an underlying negative layer.

21983    ◆         layer line           ◆         the series of straight lines formed by the arrangement of diffraction spots on a cylindrical film surrounding a crystal rotated or oscillated about a principal axis that are perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

21984    ◆         layer structure    ◆         a crystal structure in which flat molecules or groups of atoms or ions are arranged in parallel, flat layers or planes.

21985    ◆         LC         ◆         치사농도  lethal concentration

21986    ◆         LC         ◆         Lethal Concerntration . Liquid Chromatography

21987    ◆         LC 50/Lethal Concentration          ◆            Median level concentration, a standard measure of toxicity. It tells how much of a substance is neesded to kill half of a group of experimental organisms in a given time. (See: LD 50.)

21988    ◆         LCA       ◆         전생애 환경평가기법인 LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)  는 지난 60년대말 제품포장이 부존자원과 환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데서 비롯되었다.          즉 제품 제조공정 및 서비스를 포함한 모든 산업활동이 환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해  ▶첫단계에서는 원료물질의 추출에서부터  각 제조 및 가공공정, 수송 및 유통과정, 사용 재활용 최종폐기에 이르기까지 한 제품의 전생애에 소요되는 에너지 및 원료물질의 사용과 오염배출의 양과 오염배출에 대한 데이터를 토대로 환경영향을 평가한다.          ▶ 마지막 단계로는 환경개선의 기회를 포착해 적극적인 개선작업을 추진하는 것이다.

21989    ◆         LCA       ◆         Life Cycle Aassessment

21990    ◆         LCA       ◆         Lift Cycle Assessment의 약어. 물품의 생산에서 폐기에 이르기까지의 자원고갈량, 환경오염량 등을 조사, 분석해 평가하는 방법.

21991    ◆         LCA, =LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT    ◆            전과정평가; 제품의 전과정 즉 생산, 유통, 소비, 재활용, 폐기의 과정에 대한 환경영향을 분석하고 환경친화적인 제품을 설계하는데 대한 기준을 정의하는 규정. LCA

21992    ◆         LCD       ◆         Local Climatological Data

21993    ◆         LCI(전과정목록분석) DB    ◆         제품 1단위(기능단위)의 생산에 필요한 원자재의 채취 및 소재/부품 가공, 수송, 제품 사용, 폐기까지 제품의 전과정에 투입되는 자원(환경에서 채취한 자원,에너지, 광물 포함)의 양과 제품시스템에서 환경으로 버려지는 배출물(대기, 수계)과 폐기물의 발생량을 목록화한 데이터이다. LCI DB는 제품에 대한 전과정평가를 수행하는 기초데이터로 활용된다. LCI DB는 환경으로부터 채취하는 에너지 자원 및 광물 자원 등의 목록과 환경으로 나가는 대기배출물, 수계배출물, 폐기물 등의 목록으로 구성된다. 국가 LCI DB 정보망에서는 환경부와 산업통상자원부에서 개발한 LCI DB를 제공하고 있다.

21994    ◆         LCL       ◆         Lower  Control Limit

21995    ◆         LCM      ◆         Life Cycle Management

21996    ◆         LCRS     ◆         침출수 집배수설비; Leachate collection and removal system

21997    ◆         LCRS     ◆         Leachate Collection and Removal System

21998    ◆         LD        ◆         치사농도  lethal dose

21999    ◆         LD        ◆         Land Disposal. Light Duty

22000    ◆         LD 50/Lethal Dose          ◆         The dose of a toxicant or microbe that will kill 50 percent of the test organisms within a designated period. The lower the LD 50, the more toxic the compound.

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