환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21701-21800

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21701-21800

번호                  용어                  해설

21701    ◆         JET SCRUBBER    ◆         제트형세정기; 흡수장치 종류

21702    ◆         jetting tool         ◆         equipment used downhole that forces a high-pressure, fluid stream laden with sand to clean out wellbore holes, disintegrate perforating pipe, and execute other functions.

21703    ◆         jib boom           ◆         the inclined or horizontal boom or strut of a crane supported by a stationary or retractable guy wire.

21704    ◆         jib crane            ◆         a crane, constructed on a vertical building column, supporting a guy-wired boom or jib that pivots 270° from side to side and supports an electric or hand-operated hoist.

21705    ◆         jig         ◆         a device used to hold and guide objects, such as component parts moving through an assembly line.

21706    ◆         jig back ◆         an aerial ropeway with two suspended containers that travel in opposite directions and stop alternately at the terminals for loading and unloading.

21707    ◆         jig borer            ◆         a vertical milling device that bores holes in the surface of a work piece held by a jig.

21708    ◆         jig grinder         ◆         a machine that is similar to a jig borer, designed to grind, rather than bore, holes in hardened-steel plates, jogs, or other parts.

21709    ◆         J-K flip-flop        ◆         a bistable circuit whose state can be changed by various combinations of its J and K inputs.

21710    ◆         JLC        ◆         Justification for Limited Competition

21711    ◆         JMPR    ◆         Joint Meeting on Pesticides Residues

21712    ◆         JNCP     ◆         Justification for Non-Competitive Procurement

21713    ◆         JOFOC   ◆         Justification for Other Than Full and Open Competition

21714    ◆         jogging ◆         a technique used to generate movement in a motor by rapidly opening and closing its starter circuit. Also, INCHING.

21715    ◆         Johann crystal geometry  ◆         the geometry of the focusing crystal of an electron-probe microanalyzer; it is less stringent than Johannson crystal geometry.

21716    ◆         joint      ◆         a temporary or permanent juncture of two wires or paths of conductive material.  Geology. a surface fracture, break, or parting plane in a rock that occurs without displacement.

21717    ◆         Joint and Several Liability ◆         Under CERCLA, this legal concept relates to the liability for Superfund site cleanup and other costs on the part of more than one potentially responsible party(i.e., if there were several owners or users of a site that became contaminated over the years, they could all be considered potentially liable for cleaning up the site.)

21718    ◆         JOINT SESSION OF TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT EXPERTS : OECD   ◆         무역환경 전문가회의 : OECD 무역위원회와 환경위원회의 공동주관으로 1992년부터 각국의 환경정책 관련자와 전문가가 참여하여 활동중인 비공식적 성격의 전문가 모임

21719    ◆         JOINT TREATMENT          ◆         병합처리;

21720    ◆         Jones reductor    ◆         a device used to reduce solutions, consisting of a vertical tube filled with an amalgamated zinc through which the solution is passed.

21721    ◆         Jones sucker rod ◆         a joining rod between a lifting or pumping device on the surface and the subsurface pump; aids in forcing oil up out of the cased hole.

21722    ◆         jordan   ◆         a mechanized refiner that contains a rotating cone inside another cone, both having longitudinal cutters.

21723    ◆         journal  ◆         a term for the portion of a shaft or axle that is supported by a bearing in which it revolves.

21724    ◆         journal bearing   ◆         a cylindrical bearing that surrounds and supports a rotating shaft.

21725    ◆         journal box        ◆         a metal container that houses a journal bearing.

21726    ◆         journal friction   ◆         resistance that is caused by compression of the bearing against the rotating shaft under load.

21727    ◆         JPA       ◆         Joint Permitting Agreement

21728    ◆         JSD       ◆         Jackson Structured Design

21729    ◆         JSP       ◆         Jackson Structured Programming

21730    ◆         JTU       ◆         Jackson Turbidity Unit

21731    ◆         jumper  ◆         a short piece of conductor used to make a connection between two points or terminals of a circuit, or to provide current flow around an open circuit.  Computer Technology.  ㆍ a section of a circuit board designed for jumpers.a section of a circuit board designed for jumpers. ㆍ to make jumper connections.to make jumper connections.  Mechanical Devices. a device that imparts a jumping motion to a tube or drill.

21732    ◆         jumper tube       ◆         a short tube that bypasses the fluid flow in a heater or boiler.

21733    ◆         junction ◆         ㆍ a point, line, or place at which two or more semiconducting materials of opposite polarity meet, such as a P-N junction.a point, line, or place at which two or more semiconducting materials of opposite polarity meet, such as a P-N junction. ㆍ a fitting used to join a branch waveguide to a main waveguide at an angle.a fitting used to join a branch waveguide to a main waveguide at an angle.

21734    ◆         junction capacitor           ◆         a device that utilizes capacitance in a junction between two semiconductor materials with opposing electrical properties.

21735    ◆         junction field-effect transistor       ◆            a field-effect transistor in which the controlling electric field is produced by a reversed-biased P-N junction.

21736    ◆         junction filter     ◆         a filter circuit that is incorporated in a junction of three or more transmission lines in order to control the transfer of signals of different frequencies between the paths that intersect at the junction.

21737    ◆         junction isolation            ◆         the technique of sectioning off a component on an integrated circuit with a reversed-biased P-N junction to enhance its resistance to electron flow.

21738    ◆         junction potential           ◆         the potential that exists at the meeting point between two solutions in an electrochemical cell, caused by the movement of some oppositely charged ions across this junction; in some types of cells it is virtually nonexistent, but in others it is significant enough to affect the accuracy of measurements of the energy developed by the electrode reactions.

21739    ◆         junction rectifier ◆         ㆍ a device in which a single crystal conducting material, such as silicon, conducts current more easily in one direction than another; such devices are basic elements in injection lasers and can be used as solar cells.a device in which a single crystal conducting material, such as silicon, conducts current more easily in one direction than another; such devices are basic elements in injection lasers and can be used as solar cells. ㆍ a device that generates a direct current by channeling the electron flow through a junction between two materials with opposing electrical properties, thus allowing it to operate faster and at higher temperatures than a conventional diode. Also, JUNCTION DIODE.a device that generates a direct current by channeling the electron flow through a junction between two materials with opposing electrical properties, thus allowing it to operate faster and at higher temperatures than a conventional diode. Also, JUNCTION DIODE.

21740    ◆         junction station  ◆         one of several stations that relay microwave radio signals along a line-of-sight route to the main station.

21741    ◆         junction streamer            ◆         the progressive linking together of negative charges at ever-higher altitudes in a thunderstorm prior to a lightning stroke.

21742    ◆         junction transistor           ◆         a type of transistor in which the emitter and collector serve as barriers between regions with opposing electrical properties.

21743    ◆         JUNCTION WELL ◆         접합정; 종류가 다른 관 또는 도랑의 연결부

21744    ◆         Junkers engine   ◆         a two-cycle internal combustion engine with double-opposed pistons, having intake and exhaust ports located at the cylinder's opposite ends.

21745    ◆         JUSCANNZ(환경협상그룹) ◆         EU가 아닌 선진국들의 모임으로 다양한 이슈들에 대해서 토론을 하는 그룹이다. 여기에는 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 뉴질랜드 , 일본, 노르웨이 등이 포함되어 있으며 주로 석유, 자동차, 석탄 산업 등의 이익을 대변하는 그룹으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라도 OECD 가입이후 이 그룹에 참여했다. 그러나 이중 일부 국가가 빠져나가 Umbrella Group으로 바뀌어 현재는 존재하지 않는 협상그룹이다.

21746    ◆         JUSSCANNZ       ◆         EU가 아닌 선진국들의 모임으로 다양한 이슈들에 대해서 토론을 하는 그룹이다. 여기에는 미국, 캐나다, 호주, 뉴질랜드 , 일본, 노르웨이 등이 포함되어 있으며 주로 석유, 자동차, 석탄 산업 등의 이익을 대변하는 그룹으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라도 OECD 가입이후 이 그룹에 참여했다. 그러나 이중 일부 국가가 빠져나가 Umbrella Group으로 바뀌어 현재는 존재하지 않는 협상그룹이다.

21747    ◆         just scale           ◆         a scale based on natural rather than exact intervals between tones, which results in scales having more steps, depending on the instrument (including the human voice), and having few, if any, discordant overtones in chords.

21748    ◆         just tuning         ◆         the tuning of an instrument based on natural tones and relations between these natural tones, such as fifth and seventh chords, rather than tempered tuning based on exact intervals between notes.

21749    ◆         juvenile ◆         of pyroclastic material or water, derived directly from magma.

21750    ◆         K display           ◆         the representation of targets on a radarscope in which the targets are depicted as a pair of vertical deflections of equal height when the antenna is on target; when off target, the difference in blip height indicates the direction and magnitude of the error.

21751    ◆         K lines   ◆         characteristic X-ray frequencies of radiation from atoms as a result of excitation of electrons in the K-shell. Such X-rays are designated K, K, and K, and are all doublets.

21752    ◆         K scope ◆         a radarscope that produces a K display. Also, K INDICATOR.

21753    ◆         K/L ratio            ◆         the ratio of the number of electrons captured from the K shell, nearest the nucleus, to the number captured from the L shell, the second nearest the nucleus, during inverse beta decay.

21754    ◆         K-A decay          ◆         a type of radioactive decay in which potassium-40 captures an orbital electron and as a result changes into argon-40; used to determine the age of rock..

21755    ◆         KAOLINITE         ◆         점토

21756    ◆         Kaplan turbine    ◆         a propeller-type water turbine having blades that are adjusted according to the load in order to provide for increased efficiency.

21757    ◆         Karl Fischer reagent        ◆         a solution of iodine, pyridine, methanol, and sulfur dioxide used to determine trace quantities of water in a sample.

21758    ◆         Karl Fischer technique     ◆         the titration of a sample with a Karl Fischer reagent to determine trace amounts of water; the end point is indicated by a yellowish color change.

21759    ◆         Karnaugh map    ◆         a chart that displays the relationship and functions of switching circuits in a computer, commonly used to design the simplest logic circuit for a given task.

21760    ◆         Karp circuit        ◆         a device in which the microwaves travel at a speed well under the speed of light, commonly used in backward-wave oscillators.

21761    ◆         Karrer method    ◆         an industrial process for theChemical synthesis of riboflavin.

21762    ◆         Karst     ◆         A geologic formation of irregular limestone deposits with sinks, underground streams, and caverns.

21763    ◆         Kater's (reversible) pendulum        ◆            a pendulum that can be supported from either of two movable knife edges. By comparing measurements made with the two suspension points, the acceleration of gravity can be determined without knowing the location of the center of mass of the pendulum, making it more accurate for this purpose

21764    ◆         Kauertz engine   ◆         a rotary engine with vanes that serve as pistons; two of the pistons connect with a rotor and move with constant angular speed, and the other two pistons are operated simultaneously by a gear-and-crank assembly, moving with variable angular speed.

21765    ◆         kauri-butanol value         ◆         the liquid volume of a substance required to produce turbidity when added to a solution containing a standard concentration of kauri resin dissolved in butanol.

21766    ◆         KCERs [Korea Certified Emission Reductions]        ◆         국내 온실가스 감축등록소에 등록된 온실가스 감축 인정분

21767    ◆         keep-alive circuit ◆         a circuit that maintains a degree of ionization in the gas of a transmit-receive tube, so that full ionization occurs more rapidly when the transmitter fires.

21768    ◆         Keesom relationship        ◆         an equation that uses the distance between interacting dipolar molecules to calculate the level of energy generated.

21769    ◆         kellering ◆         a process in which a contoured surface is three-dimensionally cut by tracer milling the die block or punch; a tracer guides the cutter's path around the edges of a die model.

21770    ◆         Kelvin balance    ◆         an ammeter that operates by passing the current to be measured through two coils, connected in series, one coil mounted on the arm of a balance directly above the other coil; the attractive force acting between the coils is countered by weights on the other arm of the balance.

21771    ◆         Kelvin body        ◆         an ideal body of viscoelastic material, modeled by a spring and dashpot in parallel, whose deformation is proportional to both the stress and the time it is applied.

21772    ◆         Kelvin equation   ◆         a principal equation of surface chemistry, which calculates the free energy of a small particle as a function of its size and pressure. Minute droplets of a liquid have a higher vapor pressure than the bulk liquid and thus a greater rate of evaporation; larger drops decrease in free energy with their increase in size and should grow spontaneously.

21773    ◆         Kepone (케폰)     ◆         미국의 유명한 화학물질 제조회사인 알라이드사(Allied Chemical Corporation)가 1940년대 말에 개발하여 1951년 특허를 얻은 유기염소계 살충제. Chlordecone 이라고도 한다.1975년 미국 버지니아주의 라이프사이언스 공장 에서 버려진 케폰으로 인해 주변 하천인 제임스강이 죽음의 강으로 변하고 말았는데 이를 유명한 환경사고 중 하나인 케폰사건이라고 한다.

21774    ◆         ketene lamp       ◆         an electrically heated Chromel filament that hydrolyzes acetone to produce ketene.

21775    ◆         kettle reboiler     ◆         a tube-and-shell heat exchanger in which liquid is vaporized on the shell side by heat transferred from hot liquid flowing through the tubes; adequate dome space above the tube bundle allows for liquid-vapor separation.

21776    ◆         key cabinet        ◆         a system that informs a telephone subscriber which lines are busy and allows different lines to be connected to various telephone stations.

21777    ◆         key seat ◆         ㆍ a recessed groove or space in either a shaft or hub fabricated so as to receive a key.a recessed groove or space in either a shaft or hub fabricated so as to receive a key. ㆍ the opening in a keylock.the opening in a keylock. 3. the hollowed area that provides a driving surface for a key at its end. Also, KEYWAY.the hollowed area that provides a driving surface for a key at its end. Also, KEYWAY.

21778    ◆         keyboard           ◆         a set of keys or levers designed to be depressed and used as a control or input device in operating a machine such as a typewriter, computer, or piano.

21779    ◆         keyboard send/receive     ◆         a device combining a teleprinter with a transmitter and receiver to send and receive information.

21780    ◆         keyed clamp       ◆         a device that uses a control signal to hold current or voltage to a fixed level.

21781    ◆         keyer     ◆         ㆍ a circuit that modulates by keying.a circuit that modulates by keying. ㆍ a radar modulator.a radar modulator.

21782    ◆         keyer adapter     ◆         a device that, when triggered by a modulated signal, generates a direct current output signal at an amplitude that varies with the modulation; used in radio facsimile transmission.

21783    ◆         Keyes process     ◆         a distillation process that adds benzene to a constant-boiling 95% alcohol-water solution to obtain absolute (100%) alcohol.

21784    ◆         keyhole  ◆         a hole or slot into which a key is inserted.

21785    ◆         keyseater           ◆         a machine that creates a keyway or groove in a mechanical part where a key is designed to fit.

21786    ◆         KEYSTONE SPECIES         ◆         핵심종 : 생태적으로 사실상 중요한 역할을 담당하는 생물종을 의미하는 것으로 상징종과 다를 수 있음

21787    ◆         kick       ◆         downhole pressure greater than that exerted by the weight of the drilling mud, which can cause loss of circulation; if the gas pressure is not curtailed by increasing the mud weight, a kick can force out the column of drilling mud, resulting in a blowout.

21788    ◆         kick over           ◆         to begin to fire, as in an internal-combustion engine.

21789    ◆         kick starter         ◆         a starter that functions by a downward kick of a pedal, as on most motorcycles.

21790    ◆         kickback ◆         the sudden backward movement of an internal-combustion engine as it is being started, or of a piece of material as it is being fed into a machine.

21791    ◆         kickdown           ◆         ㆍ the action of changing to a lower gear in an automotive vehicle.the action of changing to a lower gear in an automotive vehicle. ㆍ the equipment that shifts an automotive vehicle into a lower gear.the equipment that shifts an automotive vehicle into a lower gear.

21792    ◆         Kidney Diseases  ◆         About 3.5 million Americans have kidney diseases. These range from simple infections to total kidney failure. People with kidney failure cannot remove wastes and poisons from their blood. They depend on expensive kidney machines in order to stay alive. Some chemicals found in the environment can produce kidney damage. Some nonprescription drugs, when taken too often, can also cause kidney problems. Be sure to read the label and use drugs as directed.

21793    ◆         kill        ◆         ㆍ to prevent a well blowout during drilling operations.to prevent a well blowout during drilling operations. ㆍ to halt oil production in order to recondition a well.to halt oil production in order to recondition a well.  Electricity. to cut off a circuit, or render it dead.

21794    ◆         killer circuit        ◆         ㆍ a device that shuts down some aspect of a system's operation, as by disabling the audio in a television receiver.a device that shuts down some aspect of a system's operation, as by disabling the audio in a television receiver. ㆍ a device that produces blanking pulses that temporarily interrupt a signal or an electron beam, as in a radar system.a device that produces blanking pulses that temporarily interrupt a signal or an electron beam, as in a radar system.

21795    ◆         killer pulse         ◆         a signal generated by a killer circuit, used to temporarily disable a circuit by interrupting its signal or electron beam.

21796    ◆         kilogram-equivalent weight          ◆           a mass unit 1000 times the gram-equivalent weight.

21797    ◆         kinematic           ◆         of or relating to kinematics; describing or predicting the course of motion. Also, kinematical.

21798    ◆         KINEMATIC COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY            ◆         동점성계수

21799    ◆         KINEMATIC VISCOSITY     ◆         동점성계수

21800    ◆         kinematical diffraction     ◆         a diffraction theory in which it is assumed that the incident beam is not affected, apart from the results of simple diffraction, by its passage through the crystal. This type of diffraction is assumed in most crystal structure determinations by X-ray diffraction. Also, kinematical theory.