환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 22101-22200

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 22101-22200

번호                  용어                  해설

22101    ◆         Libby effect        ◆         the increase in atmospheric carbon-14 that has occurred since about 1950 as a result of the detonation of thermonuclear devices.

22102    ◆         LIDAR    ◆         Light Detection and Ranging

22103    ◆         Lienard-Wiechert potentials          ◆            the advanced and retarded scalar and vector potentials produced by a point charge in motion, expressed in terms of the advanced and retarded position and velocity of the charge.

22104    ◆         Life Cycle of a Product     ◆         All stages of a product's development, from extraction of fuel for power to prodrction, marketing, use, and disposal.

22105    ◆         LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT           ◆            수명주기관리

22106    ◆         LIFETIME            ◆         평균수명

22107    ◆         Lifetime Exposure           ◆         Total amount of exposure to a substance that a human would receive in a lifetime (usually assumed to be 70 years).

22108    ◆         lift        ◆         ㆍ an endless chain or belt device with buckets, scoops, arms, or trays used to raise powders, granules, or solid objects to a higher level.an endless chain or belt device with buckets, scoops, arms, or trays used to raise powders, granules, or solid objects to a higher level. ㆍ an enclosed platform or car that transports people or materials up or down in a building shaft. Also, ELEVATOR.an enclosed platform or car that transports people or materials up or down in a building shaft. Also, ELEVATOR.

22109    ◆         Lift        ◆         In a sanitary landfill, a compacted layer of solid waste and the top layer of cover material.

22110    ◆         LIFT FORCE        ◆         장력, 양력 : 유체 속의 물체가 흐름에 수직인 방향으로 받는 힘.

22111    ◆         lift pump           ◆         a pump in which a liquid is lifted (by a vacuum, for example), as distinguished from being forced upward.

22112    ◆         lift truck ◆         a dolly or truck used for lifting or moving, especially of palletized loads.

22113    ◆         lift valve ◆         a valve that moves in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the valve seat.

22114    ◆         lifting block       ◆         a combination of pulleys and ropes used for lifting heavy weights with minimal effort.

22115    ◆         Lifting Station     ◆         (See: pumping station.)

22116    ◆         LIGAND ◆         리간드(배위차) ; 전자쌍을 양이온에 줌으로써 양이온과 공유결합을 생성할 수 있는 이온 또는 분자

22117    ◆         ligand membrane           ◆         a solvent that is immiscible both in water and in another reagent and that acts as both an ionic extractant and a complexing agent.

22118    ◆         light amplifier     ◆         a circuit that responds to a light image by producing a brighter version of the image. Also, IMAGE INTENSIFIER.

22119    ◆         light carrier injection       ◆         ㆍ a process by which the intensity of a light beam is varied so as to bring it into harmony with a modulating signal.a process by which the intensity of a light beam is varied so as to bring it into harmony with a modulating signal. ㆍ a process by which the intensity of light is varied, generally at audio-frequency range, in motion picture sound systems. Also, LIGHT MODULATION.a process by which the intensity of light is varied, generally at audio-frequency range, in motion picture sound systems. Also, LIGHT MODULATION.

22120    ◆         light chopper     ◆         a device that interrupts a light beam directed at a phototube in order to facilitate amplification of the tube's output.

22121    ◆         light crude         ◆         a crude oil of light color that flows freely at atmospheric temperatures, having predominant low-viscosity, low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.

22122    ◆         light end           ◆         any of the more volatile, lower-boiling products of petroleum refining, such as butane and propane.

22123    ◆         light gun           ◆         a device that generates electricity from light in order to assist and direct specific computer functions.

22124    ◆         light hydrogen    ◆         the ordinary light hydrogen isotope, consisting of one proton and one electron. Also, PROTIUM.

22125    ◆         light modulator  ◆         a device that reproduces an optical sound track on motion picture film by combining source light with an optical system, and then varying the resulting light beam.

22126    ◆         Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL)            ◆         A non-aqueous phase liquid with a specific gravity less than 1.0. Because the specific gravity of water is 1.0, most LNAPLs float on top of the water table. Most common petroleum hydrocarbon fuels and lubricating oils are LNAPLs.

22127    ◆         light pen           ◆         a pencil-like device that senses light pulses on a cathode-ray tube screen.  Computer Technology. such a device that is connected to a computer display unit and used by an operator to change or modify an image displayed by touching the pen to the screen.

22128    ◆         light section car  ◆         a railway motorcar that weighs between 750 and 900 pounds and that is propelled by a 4- to 6-horsepower engine.

22129    ◆         light valve          ◆         a device that varies its light transmission in relation to the application of an external electrical quantity, such as voltage, current, or an electron beam.

22130    ◆         light-activated silicon controlled rectifier            ◆         a device that uses light rather than current to control its operations, used to convert alternating current into direct current. Also, PHOTO-SCR, PHOTOTHYRISTOR.

22131    ◆         light-beam oscillograph   ◆         an apparatus used to detect low-frequency oscillation; constructed of a moving coil galvanometer with a small mirror mounted on it that can reflect a beam of focused light onto a moving sheet of photographic film.

22132    ◆         Light-Emitting Diode       ◆         A long-lasting illumination technology used for exit signs which requires very little power

22133    ◆         light-emitting diode        ◆         a semiconductor diode that converts electrical energy into light when an alternating current is applied. Also, SOLID-STATE LAMP.

22134    ◆         light-gating cathode-ray tube       ◆            a cathode-ray tube in which the electron beam alters the transmission or reflection properties of the screen by exposing it to an external light source.

22135    ◆         light-inspection car         ◆         a railway motorcar that weighs between 400 and 600 pounds and has a capacity of 650 to 800 pounds.

22136    ◆         light-negative     ◆         describing a material whose ability to conduct electricity decreases when the material is exposed to light.

22137    ◆         lightning            ◆         a luminous, high-current, electric discharge with a long path that flows between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds, or between two parts of the same cloud.

22138    ◆         lightning channel            ◆         the superheated, irregular, ionized pathway in the atmosphere created by the passage of a lightning bolt.

22139    ◆         lightning discharge         ◆         the neutralization of a large electric potential in the atmosphere by means of a lightning stroke.

22140    ◆         lightning flash    ◆         the observable light or luminosity that accompanies a lightning discharge.

22141    ◆         light-operated switch       ◆         a device that is activated by pulses or beams of light, such as a light-activated silicon-controlled switch.

22142    ◆         light-positive      ◆         describing a material whose ability to conduct electricity increases when the material is exposed to light.

22143    ◆         light-sensitive     ◆         describing a material that exhibits photoelectric effects when exposed to light.  Medicine. having eyesight that is unusually or abnormally sensitive to daylight or ordinary room light.

22144    ◆         LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE          ◆            경량골재

22145    ◆         LIGNIN  ◆         리그닌; 유기물질

22146    ◆         LIGNOCELLULOSE           ◆         리그노셀룰로즈; 리그닌과 셀룰로즈가 조합된 유기물질

22147    ◆         LIKE PRODUCT    ◆         동종상품 : GATT 체제에서 빈번한 논쟁의 대상이 되는 부분으로, GATT협정에는 동종상품의 개념에 대해 어떠한 정의규정이나 통일된 의견도 없는 상태임. 단지 현실적으로 비숫한 상품을 의미한다

22148    ◆         Lilly controller    ◆         a device on steam or electric winding engines that protects equipment and personnel against hazards such as motor overspeed, overwind, and other conditions.

22149    ◆         LIMB     ◆         Limestone-Injection Multi-Stage Burner

22150    ◆         Lime     ◆         석회; 수처리에서 화학적 침전에 이용되는 침전제

22151    ◆         Lime bin            ◆         석회저장조;

22152    ◆         LIME CLARIFICATION       ◆         석회정화법

22153    ◆         lime kiln            ◆         a rotary or vertical, cylindrical furnace in which limestone is heated and contacted countercurrently with heat to convert it to lime.

22154    ◆         Lime post-treatment        ◆         후석회 처리; 수처리시설에서 발생되는 술러지 처리시 안정화 방법

22155    ◆         Lime pre-treatment         ◆         전석회 처리; 수처리시설에서 발생되는 술러지 처리시 안정화 방법

22156    ◆         Lime stabilization            ◆         석회 안정화; 수처리시설에서 발생되는 술러지 처리시 안정화 방법

22157    ◆         LIME-BASED PROCESS     ◆         석회 기초법(폐, 고화처리법 종류)

22158    ◆         LIME-SPRAY DRYING       ◆         석회분사 건조법 : 습식/건식 공정으로 불리우며, 건식폐기공정의 유형이다

22159    ◆         LIMESTONE SCRUBBING  ◆         석회석 세정법 : 습식폐기공정의 유형

22160    ◆         Limestone Scrubbing       ◆         Use of a limestone and water solution to remove gaseous stack-pipe sulfur before it reaches the atmosphere.

22161    ◆         Limit of Detection (LOD)  ◆         The minimum concentration of a substance being analyzed test that hax a 99 percent probability of being identified.

22162    ◆         Limited Degradation        ◆         An environmental policy permitting some degradation of natural systems but terminating at a level well beneath an established health standard.

22163    ◆         limited space-charge accumulation diode            ◆         a device that prevents microwave frequencies from building up to any appreciable degree during their cycle, thus limiting transit time while increasing maximum oscillation frequency.

22164    ◆         limiter   ◆         a transducer, such as a shunt-polarized diode between resistors, in which the output above a critical value of the input does not vary; used particularly to limit the amplitude of a radio, telephone, or recording device.

22165    ◆         limiting current   ◆         in a semiconductor, the very slight current that occurs in a P-N junction when an external potential is applied so that the negative connection is on the P side and the positive connection is on the N side (reverse bias). It occurs because a very small number of electron holes are present on the N side among the predominating number of electrons, while a small number of electrons are driven from the P side.  Materials Science. the maximum current that can flow in an electrochemical reaction such as corrosion or electrodeposition; limitation is due to the availability of ions in the electrode.

22166    ◆         LIMITING EFFLUENT QUALITY        ◆            유출수의 한계수질;

22167    ◆         Limiting Factor   ◆         A condition whose absence or excessive concentration, is incompatible with the needs or tolerance of a species or population and which may have a negative influence of their abiliy to thrive.

22168    ◆         LIMITING LAW    ◆         한계법 (극한 법칙) ; 어떤 농도의 파라미터가 영에 접근함에 따라 값이 어떤 상수값에 접근할 때 이 관계식을 지칭

22169    ◆         Limiting nutrient ◆         제한 영양소;

22170    ◆         Limiting solids flux          ◆         한계 고형물 플럭스; 슬러지의 농축에 소요되는 면적을 좌우함

22171    ◆         LIMITING SUBSTRATE      ◆         제한기질

22172    ◆         LIMITING VALUE ◆         한계값; 한계점에서 얻은 상수

22173    ◆         limiting viscosity (number)           ◆            the ratio of a solution's viscosity to the concentration of its solute, extrapolated to zero concentration of the solute. Also, INTRINSIC VISCOSITY.

22174    ◆         limnology          ◆         the study of freshwater ecosystems, including the chemical, physical, and biological aspects.

22175    ◆         Limnology          ◆         The study of the physical, chemical, hydrological, and biological aspects of fresh water bodies.

22176    ◆         Lindane ◆         A pesticide that causes adverse health effects in domestic water supplies and is toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic life.

22177    ◆         line driver          ◆         a circuit that transfers data between logic circuits and a two-wire transmission line.

22178    ◆         line frequency    ◆         the number of times per second that a scanning spot horizontally traverses a fixed vertical line in a television picture tube. Also, HORIZONTAL FREQUENCY.  Electricity. the frequency of a power-line voltage.

22179    ◆         line of action      ◆         the locus of contact points as gear teeth profiles are engaged on a wheel.

22180    ◆         line of application           ◆         the line containing the vector representing a force, specifying the direction of the force but not its magnitude.

22181    ◆         line of centers    ◆         the straight line through the centers of mass of two bodies at the instant of impact. Also, LINE OF IMPACT.

22182    ◆         line of fall          ◆         the line tangent to a trajectory at the altitude of firing.

22183    ◆         line of flight       ◆         the direction of motion followed by a body in flight.

22184    ◆         line of impact     ◆         the instantaneous line of flight of a projectile at impact that determines the angle of impact.the instantaneous line of flight of a projectile at impact that determines the angle of impact.

22185    ◆         line of thrust      ◆         a line tangent to the forces in an arch or support structure.

22186    ◆         line oiler            ◆         an apparatus that injects a small amount of lubricating oil into the line used to conduct air or steam to an air- or steam-activated machine. Also, LINE LUBRICATOR.

22187    ◆         line pad ◆         an object that is placed between the program amplifier and the transmission line in a radio broadcast system to ensure a consistent supply of electrical power.

22188    ◆         LINE PROFILE     ◆         측면도 ; 파장에 대한 스펙트럼선의 강도를 나타내는 곡선

22189    ◆         line pulsing        ◆         a method of transmitting information through a communications line, in which energy is built up in an artificial line over an extended period before it is discharged into the transmitter in short bursts for brief intervals.

22190    ◆         line shafting       ◆         assembled overhead shafting that is used to transmit and distribute power from a concentrated center to individual machines, using pulley wheels and belts.

22191    ◆         LINE SOURCE     ◆         선오염원

22192    ◆         LINE SOURCE OF SOUND ◆         선음원

22193    ◆         line switching     ◆         the process of connecting or disconnecting the line voltage from electronic equipment. Also, CIRCUIT SWITCHING.

22194    ◆         line transducer   ◆         a device in which the motion of a foil diaphragm produces electrical signals along a cable.

22195    ◆         linear absorption coefficient         ◆            the intensity, I, of a beam after passing through a thickness T of an absorbing crystal is given by the equation I=I0exp(-t), where I0 is the intensity of the incident beam and  the total linear absorption coefficient for the primary beam (with units of cm-1);  is a function of wavelength and atomic number. The above equation may be rewritten in terms of a mass absorption coefficient (/) (in units of cm2/g), with  the density.

22196    ◆         linear actuator    ◆         any device that produces linear motion, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, solenoid, or linear motor.

22197    ◆         linear comparator           ◆         a device that generates an output voltage or current when it receives a steady stream of electrical signals at a given frequency. Also, CONTINUOUS COMPARATOR.

22198    ◆         linear detection  ◆         a technique for extracting intelligence from a transmitted voltage so that its value remains unchanged.

22199    ◆         linear integrated circuit    ◆         a type of integrated circuit in which the output level varies in direct proportion to the input level, generally assumed to be an analog device.

22200    ◆         linear molecule   ◆         a type of molecule, such as carbon dioxide, in which the bonds between the atoms are at a 180° angle.