환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 16801-16900

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 16801-16900

번호                  용어                  해설

16801    ◆         diffraction pattern           ◆         the experimentally measured values of intensities, diffracting angle (direction), and order of diffraction for each diffracted beam obtained when a crystal is placed in a narrow beam of X-rays or neutrons (usually monochromatic).

16802    ◆         diffraction zone  ◆         the portion of a radio propagation path that lies outside a line-of-sight path

16803    ◆         diffractometry    ◆         the branch of science that determines the structure of a crystal by observing the changes in amplitude or phase of an X-ray beam or other energy waves penetrating its structure.

16804    ◆         diffuse aurora     ◆         an auroral form that spreads widely and uniformally across the sky; easily seen in satellite pictures, although not often from the ground.

16805    ◆         DIFFUSE FIELD    ◆         확산음장; 잔향음장에 속하며 음의 에너지 밀도가 각 위치에서 일정한 것

16806    ◆         diffuse layer       ◆         in a double-layer ionic structure, the outer region of ions that are distributed in a cloudlike manner in the electrolytic solution, and that contain an excess or deficiency of ions compared to this solution; as opposed to the rigid inner layer of ions (the compact layer) adsorbed on the surface of the electrode. Also, DIFFUSION LAYER

16807    ◆         DIFFUSE RADIATION        ◆         확산복사; 산란, 반사후에 지면에 도달되는 복사

16808    ◆         diffuse scattering            ◆         halos or streaks that appear around intense Bragg reflections in the X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystal; they indicate the presence of disorder in the crystalline structure.

16809    ◆         diffuse sound     ◆         sound that travels in all directions with equal energy distribution and probability, such as an isovelocity area in the ocean.

16810    ◆         DIFFUSED AERATION       ◆         산기식, =air blower system

16811    ◆         Diffused Air       ◆         A type of aeration that fores oxygen into sewage by pumping air through perforated pipes inside a holding tank.

16812    ◆         diffused junction ◆         a diode or transistor junction that is produced by diffusion. Thus, diffused-junction rectifier.

16813    ◆         diffused metal-oxide semiconductor            ◆         a semiconductor manufactured by a two-stage diffusion of impurities through a single mask opening to give precise-sized narrow channels; used on discrete field-effect transistors for ultrahigh gains and frequency performance.

16814    ◆         diffused resistor  ◆         an integrated-circuit resistor that is produced by diffusion.

16815    ◆         DIFFUSED-AIR AERATION ◆         산기식 포기장치

16816    ◆         diffused-base transistor   ◆         a transistor having a nonuniform base region and collector-base junction produced by gaseous diffusion, and an emitter-base junction that is a conventional alloy junction.

16817    ◆         diffused-mesa transistor  ◆         a diffused junction transistor in which alternating layers of P-, N-, and P-type materials are formed in the semiconductor blank by the diffusion and alloying of impurities. After emitter, base, and collector have been formed, unwanted areas are removed by an etching process, leaving a flat-topped, elevated contour.

16818    ◆         DIFFUSER           ◆         산기기

16819    ◆         Diffuser system for large conduits ◆            대형수로용 분산장치; 염소용액을 주입하는데 사용되는 분산기 종류

16820    ◆         DIFFUSION         ◆         확산; 미세입자들이 물체 가까이 통과하는 동안, 물체를 향해 확산이 일어난다. 물의 난류에 의한 이동 현상.

16821    ◆         Diffusion           ◆         The movement of suspended or dissolved particles (or molecules) from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area. The process tends to distribute the particles or molecules more uniformly.

16822    ◆         diffusion barrier  ◆         a porous barrier through which gaseous mixtures pass in order to enrich the lower-molecular-weight constituent of the diffusate; employed as a multiple-stage cascade system for recovering U235F6 isotopes from a U238F6 stream.

16823    ◆         diffusion capacitance       ◆         the capacitance of a semiconductor junction produced by the noninstantaneous change of minority carrier charges as the voltage across the junction is changed.

16824    ◆         diffusion current ◆         the limiting current reached by movement of ions in an electrolytic solution to an electrode, due to the application of a potential difference to the electrodes.

16825    ◆         diffusion theory  ◆         a theory stating that for a semiconductor in which a variation of carrier concentration occurs, a motion of the carriers is produced by diffusion as well as by drift determined by mobility and electric field.

16826    ◆         diffusion transistor          ◆         a transistor whose current depends on the diffusion of carrier, donors, or acceptors.

16827    ◆         DIFFUSIONAL CHARGING ◆         확산충전 : 전기집진기에서 0.2㎛ 본다 작은 입자들이 대전될 수 있는 메카니즘

16828    ◆         diffusiophoresis  ◆         a process in a scrubber unit in which water vapor moves toward the cold water surface carrying particles with it.

16829    ◆         diffusive flow test (확산 유량 시험)            ◆         적절한 액에서 필터를 충분히 적시고, 버블 포인트 이하의 압력으로 적절한 기체에 의해 가압했을 때, 확산에 의해 이차측에 나오는 기체또는 액체의 유량을 적절한 방법으로 측정하는 것에 의해, 필터의 완전성을 확인하는 시험법.

16830    ◆         diffusivity analysis           ◆         any process that uses diffusion effects to analyze materials in solution; for example, dialysis or polarography.

16831    ◆         Digested sludge  ◆         소화슬러지;

16832    ◆         digester ◆         a cylindrical metal container with a cover and safety valve, used to cook or decompose substances at high temperature and pressure; used mainly to produce cellulose pulp from wood chips.

16833    ◆         Digester ◆         In wastewater treatment, a closed tank; in solid-waste conversion, a unit in which bacterial action is induced and accelerated in order to break dewn organic matter and setablish the proper carbon to nitrogen ratio.

16834    ◆         digestion           ◆         specifically, the use of bacteria to decompose sewage material.

16835    ◆         Digestion           ◆         The biochemical decomposition of organic matter, resulting in partial gasification, liquefaction, and mineralization of pollutants.

16836    ◆         digicom ◆         a communication system in which audio and digital signals are transmitted by wire; audio signals are converted to digital pulse trains by the delta pulse code modulation process prior to transmission and then converted back to audio signals after reception. (An acronym for digital communication.)

16837    ◆         digit period        ◆         the time interval between successive pulses in a series of pulses; equal to the reciprocal of the pulse repetition frequency.

16838    ◆         digit-absorbing selector   ◆         a dial switch that requires dialing of at least two digits to operate; the first digit dialed is absorbed by the switch, enabling it to operate when the second digit is dialed.

16839    ◆         digital circuit      ◆         a circuit that operates in only two states, on and off.

16840    ◆         digital comparator          ◆         a circuit that compares two digital values and determines which is larger, or that compares a digital input value against predetermined upper and lower limits and gives pass/fail information.

16841    ◆         digital delayer    ◆         a digital device that electronically inserts a time delay in the passage of a signal from one point to another during channel processing

16842    ◆         digital filter        ◆         a circuit that processes signals digitally coded as a sequence of numeric values. The analog signal at the input is sampled, digitized, and coded; after filtering, the result is decoded back to analog form at the output.

16843    ◆         digital multiplier ◆         a multiplier circuit that accepts two values in digital form and gives the product in the same digital form, usually by making repeated additions.

16844    ◆         digital output     ◆         the output signal of a digital circuit representing a value or a set of conditions; the intelligence is contained in a code consisting of a sequence of one or more discrete voltage or current levels, each representing a value of zero or one.

16845    ◆         Digital Output (디지탈 출력)         ◆            입력의 크기를 일련이 분리한 량의 형식으로 나타내는 출력 신호.

16846    ◆         digital plotter     ◆         a recorder that converts digital input data into hard copy in the form of charts or other graphic presentations.

16847    ◆         digital recording ◆         magnetic recording in which the audio or video signal is first converted to digital form before recording on magnetic tape.

16848    ◆         DIGITAL SOUND LEVEL METER      ◆            디지털 소음계 : 장시간의 자동측정에 주로 이용되는 소음계

16849    ◆         digital synchronometer    ◆         a highly accurate digital time display device that compares its internal clock with time standards broadcast by the National Bureau of Standards.

16850    ◆         DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL ◆         수치지형모델

16851    ◆         digital transducer            ◆         a transducer that generates a digital output signal, rather than an analog output, in response to input stimulus.

16852    ◆         digital voltmeter ◆         a voltmeter in which the value of the measured voltage is shown on a digital display.

16853    ◆         digital-to-analog converter           ◆            a converter that changes digital input data to corresponding analog output voltage values. Also, digital-to-analog decoder.

16854    ◆         diheptal base     ◆         a 14-pin-position electron tube base, such as the base of a cathode-ray tube. Also, diheptal socket.

16855    ◆         Dike      ◆         A low wall that can act as a barrier to prevent a spill from spreading.

16856    ◆         DIL        ◆         동적 삽입손실치  Dynamic IL

16857    ◆         dilatation           ◆         specifically, an increase in volume per unit volume of a continuous substance due to deformation.

16858    ◆         Diluent  ◆         Any liquid or solid material used to dilute or carry an active ingredient.

16859    ◆         dilute phase       ◆         the phase in liquid-liquid extraction that has a lower concentration of the material of interest.

16860    ◆         DILUTION EFFECT            ◆         희석효과

16861    ◆         Dilution Ratio     ◆         The relationship between the volume of water in a stream and the volume of incoming water. It affects the ability of the stream to assimilate waste.

16862    ◆         dimer    ◆         a molecule that is produced by bonding together two molecules of the same chemical structure.

16863    ◆         Dimethyl sulfate의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립 환경 연구원

16864    ◆         Dimethylamine의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

16865    ◆         DIMETHYL-GLYOXIME      ◆         디메틸그리옥심 : 고온에서 승화성을 보이는 무색의 침상결정 또는 결정성 분말이며 에탄올이나 에테르에는 녹지만, 물에는 거의 녹지 않는다.

16866    ◆         Dimictic ◆         Lakes and reservoirs that freeze over and normally go through two stratifications and two mixing cycles a year.

16867    ◆         dimmer ◆         an electrical control device that adjusts the intensity of illumination of a lamp or other light source.

16868    ◆         dimorphism       ◆         the fact of existing in two crystalline forms, both with the same chemical composition.

16869    ◆         dina      ◆         a unit of airborne electronic countermeasures equipment used for jamming enemy radars.

16870    ◆         dineutron          ◆         a state, probably hypothetical, in which two neutrons are bound and take on a transitory existence during bombardment of tritium by accelerated tritons.

16871    ◆         Dings magnetic separator ◆         a suspended device that separates magnetic material from raw material that passes beneath it on a belt.

16872    ◆         DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE ◆         오산화이질소

16873    ◆         Dinitrophenols    ◆         dinitrophenols은 일반 환경에서 자연적으로 발생하지 않는 제조된 화학물질이며, 여섯 개의 다른 형태의 dinitrophenols을 가지고 있다.        상업적으로 가장 중요한 dinitrophenols인 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP)은 냄새가 없는 황색의 고체이다. 이것은 염료, 목재 방부제, 폭발물, 곤충살충제, 사진 현상액으로서 사용된다.        이것은 1930년대 다이어트 약으로 사용되다가 1938년에 금지되었다. Caswell No. 392, Su;fo Black B, Nitro Kleenup 등의 무역명을 가지고 있다. 무역명의 사용은 확인을 위한 것이지 독성물질과 질병 등록을 위한 에이전시(Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) 또는 미국의 보건복지부(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) 등의 승인을 증명하는 것은 아니다.        ATSDRIC@cdc.gov

16874    ◆         dinking  ◆         the process of cutting light-gauge soft metals or nonmetallic materials with a sharp, hollow punch.

16875    ◆         Dinocap ◆         A fungicide used primarily by apple growers to control summer diseases. EPA proposed restrictions on its use in 1986 when laboratory tests found it caused birth defects in rabbits.

16876    ◆         Di-n-Octylphthalate(DnOP)           ◆            di-n-octylphthalate는 쉽게 증발하지 않는 무색, 무취의 유성 액체이다. 이것은 플라스틱을 부드럽게 또는 더 유연하게 만들기 위해 사용되는 물질이다. 이러한 종류의 플라스틱은 의학용 튜브, 혈액 저장 주머니, 철사와 케이블 및 카페트 안감 코팅, 바닥 타일, 접착제 등의 제조에 사용된다. 또한 화장품과 살충제로도 사용된다.        ATSDRIC@cdc.gov

16877    ◆         Dinoseb ◆         A herbicide that is also used as a fungicide and insecticide. It was banned by EPA in 1986 beause it posed the risk of birth defects and sterility.

16878    ◆         diode    ◆         a two-element active electronic device containing an anode and a cathode, characterized by the ability to pass an electric current more easily from cathode to anode than from anode to cathode; a diode can be in the form of an electron tube, semiconductor device, or crystal device.

16879    ◆         diode amplifier   ◆         a microwave amplifier using a specially designed diode in the tuned cavity of a microwave electron tube; its center frequencies range from about 1 to 100 GHz.

16880    ◆         DIODE ARRAY SPECTROMETER     ◆            다이오드 배열 분광기

16881    ◆         diode bridge      ◆         a circuit consisting of four diodes connected in a bridge configuration; the polarity of the output remains the same regardless of the polarity of the input; used primarily for converting alternating current to pulsating direct current.

16882    ◆         diode characteristic         ◆         the characteristic of a multielectrode vacuum tube to form a virtual diode between the cathode and all other electrodes in the tube.

16883    ◆         diode clamping circuit     ◆         ㆍ a circuit that uses diodes to add a fixed voltage to a waveform in order to establish a specified reference level for the waveform. Also, DC RESTORER.a circuit that uses diodes to add a fixed voltage to a waveform in order to establish a specified reference level for the waveform. Also, DC RESTORER. ㆍ a circuit that uses a diode to hold a voltage to some fixed value.a circuit that uses a diode to hold a voltage to some fixed value.

16884    ◆         diode clipping circuit       ◆         a circuit that uses diodes to prevent a signal from reaching the peak amplitude it would otherwise attain; this results in a distorted waveform whose peaks appear clipped.

16885    ◆         diode demodulator         ◆         a demodulator that uses one or more crystal or electron-tube diodes to provide a rectified output with an average value proportional to the original modulation. Also, DIODE DETECTOR.

16886    ◆         diode forward voltage     ◆         the voltage applied across a diode with a polarity and amplitude that cause electrical current to flow forward, from anode to cathode.

16887    ◆         diode function generator ◆         a circuit that produces specific waveforms, such as sine waves or sawtooth waves, and in which the output waveform characteristics are determined by an amplifier connected to an adjustable wave-shaping network, consisting mainly of diodes and resistances.

16888    ◆         diode gate         ◆         an AND or OR logic gate circuit that uses current-steering diodes to perform the appropriate logic function; frequently used in conjunction with a digital amplifier to provide the required power gain to drive other logic circuits. Also, DIODE LOGIC.

16889    ◆         diode limiter      ◆         a limiter circuit that uses one or more diodes to prevent a signal from exceeding a predetermined peak amplitude; when the specified amplitude is reached, the limiter acts as a clipper circuit to prevent a further increase in amplitude.

16890    ◆         diode matrix      ◆         any number of diodes connected in a two-dimensional array configuration, used primarily for decoding digital inputs.

16891    ◆         diode mixer       ◆         a circuit that uses the nonlinear characteristics of a diode to mix two frequencies in order to produce the sum or difference of the two original frequencies; its main application is in superheterodyne radio receivers.

16892    ◆         diode modulator ◆         a circuit that uses diodes to combine a modulating signal with a carrier signal.

16893    ◆         diode oscillator   ◆         ㆍ an oscillator based on the breakdown or negative resistance characteristics of some diodes.an oscillator based on the breakdown or negative resistance characteristics of some diodes. ㆍ an oscillator that makes use of the negative anode-to-cathode resistance of a tube diode when operated at ultrahigh frequencies.an oscillator that makes use of the negative anode-to-cathode resistance of a tube diode when operated at ultrahigh frequencies.

16894    ◆         diode pack         ◆         a sealed unit that contains two or more diodes.

16895    ◆         diode peak detector        ◆         a circuit, usually consisting of a diode and capacitor in series, used to detect and store the peak amplitude value of a signal.

16896    ◆         diode rectifier     ◆         a circuit containing one or more diodes, usually part of a power supply, that converts ac input to a pulsating dc output.

16897    ◆         diode switch      ◆         a circuit containing several diodes that performs switching functions by applying forward or reverse bias voltages to the anodes of the diodes in sequence: a forward voltage allows the diode to conduct, passing the signal on its cathode; a reverse voltage causes the diode to act as an open switch.

16898    ◆         diode theory      ◆         a theory stating that for a semiconductor in which the barrier thickness is comparable to or smaller than the free path of the carriers, the carriers cross the barrier without being scattered, in a manner similar to that of a vacuum-tube diode.

16899    ◆         diode transistor logic      ◆         a logic circuit consisting of one or more diode gates connected to the base of a transistor, in which the AND or OR functions performed by the diode gates control the on-off status of the transistor.

16900    ◆         diode voltage regulator   ◆         a simple voltage regulator circuit that depends for its operation on the characteristic of a Zener diode when operating in the reverse-biased breakdown region. Also, ZENER DIODE VOLTAGE REGULATOR.