환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14901-15000

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14901-15000

번호                  용어                  해설

14901    ◆         cerium-144        ◆         a radioactive isotope of cerium that is a fission product with a half-life of 285 days and that emits beta particles when it decays.

14902    ◆         CERL     ◆         Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory

14903    ◆         CERN    ◆         European Laboratory for Particle Physics (International)        Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire(유럽 입자물리학 연구소),CERN은 스위스의 제네바에 있는 유럽 입자물리학 연구소로서 1991년에 연구원 중의 한 사람인 Tim Berners-Lee 박사가 월드와이드웹을 발명함으로써 유명해졌다. Berners-Lee는 오늘날의 네트웍 속도와 하이퍼텍스트를 결합시키는 아이디어를 개발하는데 공헌하였다. 그는 아주 적은 인원의 팀과 함께 일하며, 웹의 기반이 되는 HTTP를 개발하였다.

14904    ◆         CERT [Committee on Energy Research  Technology]        ◆         IEA(국제에너지기구) 산하 에너지 연구 기술 위원회로써, 화석연료 실무 위원회(FFWP), 신재생에너지 실무 위원회(REWP), 최종 이용(에너지 절약) 실무 위원회(EUWP), 핵융합 기술 조정 위원회(FPCC) 등 4개 그룹을 산하에 두고 있다. CERT 내에는 40개의 실행 합의서(I.A.: Implementing Agreement)가 수행되고 있으며, 우리나라는 현재 PVPS(Photovoltaic Power Systems), Wind(Wind Energy Systme) 등 12개 프로그램에 가입·활동 중이다.

14905    ◆         CERTIFICATION   ◆         인증 제품 : 공정 또는 설비가 규정된 요건을 충족시키기고 있음을 제3자가 문서상으로 보증하는 절차

14906    ◆         cesium electron tube       ◆         a tube that generates electromagnetic energy at highly stable frequency for use in atomic clocks.

14907    ◆         cesium hollow cathode    ◆         an element within an electron tube that heats cesium at the bottom of a cylinder, producing current densities as high as 800 amperes per square centimeter.

14908    ◆         cesium phototube           ◆         a tube in which a cesium-coated cathode turns infrared light into electrical energy.

14909    ◆         cesium-134        ◆         a radioactive isotope of cesium with a half-life of ㆍ06 years that emits negative beta particles when it decays; commonly found in photoelectric cells.

14910    ◆         cesium-137        ◆         a radioactive isotope of cesium with a half-life of 30.2 years that emits negative beta particles during decay; currently under study for use in radiation therapy.

14911    ◆         cesium-antimonide photocathode ◆            a device, created by exposing a thin layer of antimony to cesium vapor at elevated temperatures, that generates current when exposed to blue and ultraviolet light.

14912    ◆         cesium-beam sputter source        ◆            a device that generates negative ions by dislodging them from the cesium-coated inner surface of a hollow cone.

14913    ◆         cesium-vapor lamp         ◆         a low-voltage arc lamp that produces light when a current passes between two electrodes in ionized cesium vapor.

14914    ◆         cesium-vapor rectifier      ◆         a device in which an alternating current is passed through a cesium vapor and onto a cesium-coated cathode in order to convert it to pulsating direct current.

14915    ◆         cetane index      ◆         an empirical method for finding the volume of cetane in a fuel, based upon API gravity and the mid boiling point.

14916    ◆         cetane number   ◆         the percentage of cetane in a mixture of cetane (cetane number 100) and 1-methylnaphthalene (cetane number 0) that has the same ignition factor as the fuel being tested.

14917    ◆         cetane number improver  ◆         any chemical that increases the percentage of cetane in a diesel fuel, thus increasing its ignition value.

14918    ◆         CEU      ◆         유럽연합위원회  commission of the European union

14919    ◆         CFC       ◆         염화불화탄소; chlorofluoro carbons

14920    ◆         CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) ◆         화학명칭으로 Chlorofluorocarbon의 약자이다. 냉매 및 발포제로 사용되는 CFC-11은 화학식이 CCl3F이고 CFC-12는 CCl2F2 그리고 CFC-13은 CClF1-CCl2F로 탄소염소 및 불소로 이루어진 화합물이다. 이 화합물은 냉매, 발포제 및 전자산업의 세정제로서 산업체 및 생활에 크게 기여해 왔다. 그러나 이의 사용의 증가는 폐기되는 CFC의 량을 증가시켰고 이 화합물이 대기중 확산하여 성층권으로 올라가서 자외선에 의하여 오존과 화학반응을 일으켜 오존의 량을 감소시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 따라서 현재는 이의 사용량을 국제적으로 감소내지는 완전히 없애는 노력을 하고 있다.

14921    ◆         CFSTR ; CONTINUOUS-FLOW STIRRED-TANK REACTOR  ◆         연속흐름 교반탱크 반응조

14922    ◆         CHAIN   ◆         사슬. 고리

14923    ◆         chain block        ◆         a tackle used to hoist heavy loads by means of a continuous chain riding on an overhead track.

14924    ◆         chain conveyor   ◆         a manufacturing machine that carries workpieces on one or two continuous crossbarred chains at low speed, allowing work to continue as the items move along.

14925    ◆         chain drive         ◆         a power-driven conveying device consisting of a continuous-link chain that rides on toothed wheels attached to the driving shaft; used to move materials either horizontally or vertically.

14926    ◆         chain fission yield           ◆         the sum of various fission yields from nuclides that have the same number of neutrons, but a different number of protons in their nucleus.

14927    ◆         chain gear         ◆         a gear that consists of a series of wheels linked by chain that transmit motion from one wheel to the next.

14928    ◆         chain lightning   ◆         any lightning appearing as a long unbroken or zig-zag line. Also, BEADED LIGHTNING, PEARL-NECKLACE LIGHTNING.

14929    ◆         Chain operated bar racks ◆         체인작동식 바렉; 기계청소식 바렉의 일종

14930    ◆         chain reaction    ◆         a chemical reaction in which a change in a single molecule causes many molecules to change, until a stable compound is formed.

14931    ◆         chainsaw or chain saw     ◆         a portable power saw with cutting teeth linked together to form a continuous chain; used to cut timber.

14932    ◆         chalcophile        ◆         an element having a strong affinity for sulfur, and therefore tending to be more abundant in sulfide minerals and ores than in other types of rock. Thus, chalcophilic.

14933    ◆         challenge level (도전균수) ◆         부하균수라고도 표현된다. 세균 도전 시험에 있어서 필터 요소의 유효 여과 면적1cm2맞기에 더해지는 지표균의 균수.

14934    ◆         chamber            ◆         a specially designed small room with characteristics that provide controlled sound reflection, used to create special echo effects in recordings and broadcasts.

14935    ◆         chamber process ◆         a sulfuric acid manufacturing process in which sulfur dioxide, air, and steam are reacted in lead chambers, using nitrogen oxides as a catalyst.

14936    ◆         CHANCE CONTACT STRAINING     ◆            우연접촉 거름작용; 입상여재 여과지내에서 부유물질제거에 기여하는 메카니즘으로 여재공극보다 작은 입자는 우연접촉에 의해 여과지내에서 포집

14937    ◆         Chandler period  ◆         a period of the Chandler wobble.

14938    ◆         Chandler wobble ◆         a constant, predictable movement in the rotation of the Earth's axis over a period of about 14 months.

14939    ◆         change gear       ◆         a gear that alters the speed of a driven shaft while maintaining the speed of the driving shaft.

14940    ◆         channel ◆         a furrow causing excessive flow in a portion of the clay bed in the percolation filtration process, allowing a stream to pass unfiltered.

14941    ◆         channel bank     ◆         the part of a carrier-multiplex terminal that converts radio frequencies into voice frequencies and vice versa.

14942    ◆         channel effect    ◆         the leakage that occurs over the surface path between the collector and emitter in some types of transistors.

14943    ◆         channel process  ◆         the production of carbon black, such as channel black or lampblack, by burning natural gas in the absence of air in a closed chamber containing baffles, channels, or ducts, in which the various grades of fine carbon particles are precipitated.

14944    ◆         channel shifter   ◆         a radiotelephone carrier circuit that reduces cross-talk between channels by moving voice-frequency channels to a higher frequency.

14945    ◆         channel spin      ◆         the sum, including the magnitude and direction, of the spins of the particles active in a nuclear reaction before or after the reaction takes place.

14946    ◆         channeling         ◆         the establishment of flow paths in a bed of solid particles due to the passage of liquid through the particles.

14947    ◆         channeling machine        ◆         a power-driven chiseling machine that consists of a series of cutting tools that move back and forth on a track; used to excavate soft rock.

14948    ◆         Channelization    ◆         Straightening and deepening streams so waer will move faster, amarsh-drainage tactic that can interfere with waste assimilation capacity, disturb fish and wildlife habitats, and aggravate flood-ing.

14949    ◆         Chapman equation          ◆         a theoretical formula that equates electron density distribution in the upper atmosphere to altitude.

14950    ◆         Chapman region ◆         a region of the upper atmosphere in which the Chapman equation applies.

14951    ◆         CHAR    ◆         차르; 거의 순수탄소 및 비활성물질로 구성된 물질

14952    ◆         Characteristic     ◆         Any one of the four categories used in defining hazardous waste:ignitability, corrosivity,reactivity, and toxicity.

14953    ◆         Characteristic curve         ◆         펌프의 특성곡선; 일정의 펌프에 있어서 양정, 효율, 축마력이 수량의 변동에 대해서 어떻게 변하는가를 곡선으로표시한 것

14954    ◆         CHARACTERISTIC HAZARDOUS WASTES            ◆         RCRA상의 폐기물분류 범주

14955    ◆         CHARACTERISTIC PARTICLE SIZE    ◆            특성입자크기; 입자의 무게기준으로 63.2%가 통과할 수 있는 체의 크기

14956    ◆         CHARACTERISTIC TIME    ◆         특성시간

14957    ◆         characterization factor     ◆         a number that relates the variations in physical properties of paraffinic stock with a change in the amount of aromatic material present.

14958    ◆         Characterization of Ecological Effect            ◆         Part of ecological risk assessment that evaluates ability of a stressor to cause adverse efects under given circumstances.

14959    ◆         Characterization of Exposure        ◆            Portion of an ecological risk assessment that evaluates interaction of a stressor with one or more ecological entities.

14960    ◆         character-writing tube     ◆         a tube in which an electric beam produces alphanumeric and symbolic characters on a screen.

14961    ◆         charcoal test      ◆         a test to determine the natural gasoline content of natural gas, by using activated charcoal to adsorb the gasoline fraction and then retrieving it through distillation.

14962    ◆         charge   ◆         ㆍ an electrostatic quantity, measured as a surplus or deficiency of electrons on a given object.an electrostatic quantity, measured as a surplus or deficiency of electrons on a given object. ㆍ the electrical energy stored in an insulated object, such as a battery or capacitor.the electrical energy stored in an insulated object, such as a battery or capacitor. 3. the conversion of electric energy into chemical energy within a cell or battery.the conversion of electric energy into chemical energy within a cell or battery. 4. to direct electrical energy into a cell or battery for the purpose of such conversion.to direct electrical energy into a cell or battery for the purpose of such conversion.       :  ㆍ to feed refrigerant into a cooling system.to feed refrigerant into a cooling system. ㆍ the quantity of refrigerant within such a system.the quantity of refrigerant within such a system.  Nucleonics.  ㆍ in a nuclear reactor, the total amount of fuel required to attain a critical condition.in a nuclear reactor, the total amount of fuel required to attain a critical condition. ㆍ to load fuel into a reactor core.to load fuel into a reactor core.  Metallurgy. the raw material loaded into a melting or smelting furnace.

14963    ◆         charge coupling  ◆         a means to store and transfer data based on the ability to store and transfer electric charges or charge carriers.

14964    ◆         charge independence      ◆         the principle that the strong force between a neutron and a proton is equal to the force between two protons or two neutrons in the same orbital and spin state.

14965    ◆         CHARGE SYSTEM            ◆         부과금제도; 폐기물 자원화를 위한 경제적 유인책

14966    ◆         charge transfer   ◆         the transfer of charge from one entity to another.

14967    ◆         CHARGE TRANSFER ABSORPTION ◆            전하이동 흡수

14968    ◆         charge-coupled device     ◆         a high-speed, high-density superconductor device that relies on the transfer of short-term stored charges in spatially defined depletion zones on its surface.

14969    ◆         charge-coupled image sensor       ◆            a sensor in which light from various picture segments is marshalled to produce a television-type output signal. Also, SOLID-STATE IMAGE SENSOR.

14970    ◆         charged membrane (가전막 )       ◆            가전한 기초를 포함하는 막.

14971    ◆         charge-exchange source  ◆         a device that generates negative ions, usually helium, by passing positive ions through a donor canal, usually containing lithium vapor, in which they collect two electrons to form negative ions.

14972    ◆         charge-injection device    ◆         a device that relays stored charges positioned at predetermined locations; it is used as an image sensor whose points are referenced to their horizontal and vertical coordinates.

14973    ◆         charge-storage transistor ◆         a transistor that produces a charge at its collector junction when a large voltage is applied at a high level to its base and at a low level to its collector.

14974    ◆         charge-storage tube        ◆         a tube that stores information on its surface as electric charges.

14975    ◆         charge-storage varactor   ◆         a device in which capacitance varies inversely with the voltage applied from a direct current; it is used to generate power in excess of 50 watts at ultrahigh or microwave frequencies.

14976    ◆         charge-transfer complex  ◆         a species formed by the interaction of two molecules upon a transfer of charge between them; a donor/acceptor complex.

14977    ◆         charge-transfer device     ◆         any device that relays stored charges positioned at predetermined locations, such as charge-coupled or charge-injection devices.

14978    ◆         CHARGING        ◆         대전 : 전기집진 과정에 쓰이는 용어

14979    ◆         CHARGING FIELD            ◆         대전장 : 대전이 일어나는 공간

14980    ◆         CHARGING HOPPER        ◆         폐기물투입실 (장입호퍼)

14981    ◆         charging line      ◆         a pipeline used to carry fresh charging stock of oil, gas, and crude oil to a still.

14982    ◆         charging pump   ◆         a pump that supplies a pressurized flow of fluid to another unit.

14983    ◆         charging stock    ◆         any product to be treated in a particular refinery unit or still.

14984    ◆         CHARGING WIRE ◆         충전선 : ESP 판의 구성부분

14985    ◆         chase ring          ◆         a ring that restrains the blank during the hobbing process.

14986    ◆         Chasles' theorem ◆         the statement that it is always possible to represent arbitrary rigid body motions as the sum of the rotation about the center of mass of the body plus a linear translation of the center of mass. (Proven by the French mathematician Michel Chasles, 1793-1880.)

14987    ◆         chassis  ◆         a metal frame onto which components are mounted; usually the frame is designed to be connected to ground to reduce shock hazard and electrical noise.

14988    ◆         chatter  ◆         vibrations, usually at a resonant frequency, of a piece of machinery, produced by continuous motion of two or more machine parts against each other, such as brushes in an alternating-current electrical motor.  Engineering. such vibrations of a cutting tool not firmly held or of an insufficiently rigid machine, resulting in an uneven finish.  : an undesirable rapid opening and closing of electrical contacts caused by fluctuations in the coil current. Also, CONTACT CHATTER.

14989    ◆         Chebyshev filter  ◆         a filter whose pass band response exhibits two or more ripples of equal peak-to-valley amplitude.

14990    ◆         CHECK VALVE     ◆         역지밸브; 관로에 설치하여 물이 역류하는 것을 막는 밸브

14991    ◆         check valve     (체크 밸브   체키)            ◆         배관, 츄후″ 로(에서) 송액하고 있는  유체가, 송액정지시에 역류하는 것을 방지하는  밸브. 형식으로서는, ① 스윙식② 리프트식③ 스프링식, 등이 있다. 순수한 물 장치에 있어서는, 각카트리지의 출구에 설치해,  예를 들면, RO모듈에, 정지시의 역류에 의한  등압이 걸리는 것을을 방지하거나. 폴리셔-의  수지가 역류· 상향류에 의해 2 층로 분리하는 것을 막거나 하고 있다.

14992    ◆         CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION            ◆         점검 및 시정조치(관)

14993    ◆         Check-Valve Tubing Pump ◆         Water sampling  tool also referred to as a water Pump.

14994    ◆         CHELATE            ◆         킬레이트 화합물; 금속이온과 다섯 원자 또는 여섯 원자 고리형 금속 유기화합물

14995    ◆         CHELATING AGENT         ◆         착염물질; 킬레이트를 형성하는 시약

14996    ◆         chelometry         ◆         the formation of soluble chelates when a metal ion is titrated with a chelating agent.

14997    ◆         CHEMICAL         ◆         화학의. 화학제품(약품)

14998    ◆         Chemical Case    ◆         For purposes of review and regulation, the grouping of chemically similar pesticide activ integredients(e.g., salts and esters of the same chemical) into chemical cases.

14999    ◆         Chemical Compoud         ◆         A distinct and pure substance formed by the union or two or more elements in definite proportion by weight.

15000    ◆         CHEMICAL CONDITIONING          ◆            화학적 개량(조건)

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