통상업무 용어집 18

찾아보기<영문>



A

A “goods wholly obtained” test 73
A-A/T-T/A-T방식 29
ABS(Access to genetic resources and Benefit Sharing) 79
Absorption/takeover principle 95
Accumulation 26
ACTA(Anti-counterfeiting Trade Agreement) 77
Actionable Subsidy, Yellow Subsidy 49
Active Moiety 110
ad valorem duty 93
AD(Anti-Dumping) advisory committee 39
Adjustment Tariff 92
Advance Ruling 48
AFTA(ASEAN Free Trade Area) 67
Agenda 21(The Agenda for the 21st Century) 111
Agreement on Agriculture 25
AIA(Advanced Informed Agreement) 48
amber box 2
AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support) 43
ANSI(American National Standards Institute) 36
anti-circumvention 39
anti-dumping duties 39
Anti-Dumping Duty 29
Anti-Dumping 39
antitrust laws 39
APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum) 68
APHIS(Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services) 36
APIS(Advance Passenger Information System) 63
Appellate Body 49
applied tariff rates 66
arbitration 95
Article 113 Committee 110
Article XX of GATT 115
ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 30







ASEAN+3(Association of South East Asian Nations+3)  67
ASPs(Agreement-Specific Proposals) 108
ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) 54
ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) 54
ATS(Automated Targeting System) 82
at-the-border barriers 15
audiovisual services 64
automaticity 83
Autonomous Tariff 106
AVE(Ad Valorem Equivalent) 93
Average Release Time 104
award of contracts 23


B

B/L(Bill of Lading) 53
backloading 110
balance of payments measures 17
Bangkok Agreement 40
Basel Convention 38
basic telecommunications services 20
behind the border barriers 15
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and  Artistic Works 42
Bilateral Air Services Agreements 69
Bilateral Safeguards 68
bilateralism 69
binding overhang 69
binding ratio 69
bindings 14
BIT(Bilateral Investment Treaty) 69
Blue Box 102
Bolar Provision 44
BOP Article(Balance of Payment Article) 18
border protection 101
BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer) 6
bound tariff rates 69
box 15
broadband services 13
Broadcasting Right 40
BSE(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) 57
BTA(Border Tax Adjustment) 15
Build-down Method 8
Build-down Method 96
Built-in Agenda 21
business practices 73


C

C/O(Certificate of Origin) 76
C/S(Country Schedule) 16
Cabotage 72
cabotages 15
Cairns Group 100
CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) 113
capping 50
carbon footprint scheme 100
Cargo Manifest 86
Caricom(The Caribbean Community and Common Market) 99
Carnet Convention 23
carry forward 92
carry over 80
carve out 91
causality 80
CB(Capacity Building) 26
CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity) 51
CCC(Commodity Credit Corporation) 50
CCRA(Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement) 17
ceiling binding 106
CEPA(Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) 105
Certification Mark 95
change in tariff heading 56
Chicago Convention 64
Circumvention 74
CITES(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) 31
CMA(Current Market Access) 108
code-conditioned most-favored-nation-treatment 108
coefficients 6
Collective Mark 28
Collocation 53
commercial presence 49
commitment 68
compensation 42
competition policy 4
Competitive Neutrality 5
compound tariff 43
compulsory licensing 2
Concession Category 70
Concession Negotiation 70
concession 69
Conformity Assessment Procedures 87
Conformity Assessment 87
consensus 99
Consolidated Text 101
constructed value 14
Consular Transaction 72
consultation 108
contracting party 97
COPA(Committee of Professional Agricultural Organization in the EU) 78
Copyright 86
Cost-based 74
Council of Ministers 1
counterfeit 32
Counter-security 71
countervailing duty 49
Creeping Expropriation 89
Criteria of the determination of origin 75
cross retaliation 13
Cross-border supply 52
cross-compensation 14
cross-cutting issue 9
CSI(Container Security Initiative) 99
CTG(Council for Trade in Goods) 49
CTS(Council for Trade in Services) 52
cumulative assessment 26
custom valuation 12
Customs Broker 10
Customs Cooperation For Textile and Apparel Goods 54
Customs Free Zones 11
Customs Territory 11
Customs Union 9
Cut & Sew Criteria 85


D

Data Exclusivity 83
DDA GTF (Doha Development Agenda Global Trust Fund) 29
DDA(Doha Development Agenda) 29
de facto discrimination 48
de jure discrimination 41
de minimis dumping margins 37
de minimis 37
de minimis 98
decoupled income support 51
deficiency payment 44
definitive anti-dumping duties 109
denial of benefits 108
DFQF(Duty-free Quota-free) 32
Digital Product 30
dirty tariffication 104
disguised trade barriers 77
Domestic/International Bidding 15
DSB(Dispute Settlement Body) 45
DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 119
Ducts & Conduits 9
dumping 29
Duration 93
Duty Assessment Review/Review 76
duty drawback 13
Duty Exemption 9
Dying Processing Operation Criteria 72


E

EAC(Environmental Affairs Council) 109
EAI(Enterprise For ASEAN Initiative) 67
early harvest 92
eco-labelling 109
EEP(Export Enhancement Program) 61
EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone) 41
EFTA(European Free Trade Association) 78
Electronic Authentication 89
electronic commerce 89
Electronic Signature 89
Electronic Trading/Paperless Trading 88
e-mark, eco-mark 109
Enabling Clause 19
ENT(economic needs test) 5
Equivalence 30
ESCAP (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) 68
Essential Facilities 106
excise duty 35
Exclusive License 88
Exhaustion of Right 19
Export Competition 59
Export Credit Guarantee 60
Export Credit Programme 60
Export Credits 60
Export Insurance 59
Export Subsidy 59
export tax/tariff 60
export-performance measure 59
Ex-works Price 7


F

facilities-based suppliers of public telecommunications services 20
fair trade 8
Famous Mark/Notorious Mark 86
Fast Track Authority 65
FCC(Federal Communication Commission) 36
FDA(Food and Drug Administration) 64
FDI(Foreign Direct Investment) 73
Fiber Forward 54
First to File(Apply) Rule(System) 53
First to Invent Principle 53
Fixation 6
flexibility 65
Flexible Tariff 100
flooring 106
FOB(Free on Board) 44
Folklore 89
food aid 64
Forbearance 19
Fork in the road 101
free-rider 35
freezing 83
frontloading 87


G

G77(Group of 77)  111
GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services) 51
GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 10
GCC(Gulf Cooperation Council) 4
General Sales Manager 37
Generic Drug 91
GI(Geographical Indication) 96
Girard formula 95
Golden Share 110
GP(Government Procurement) 90
GPA(Government Procurement Agreement) 90
Grace period, Exception to the lack of patent-ability 8
grain major 6
Grandfather Clause 92
Green Box 107
green room meetings 20
grey area measure 110
GRP(Good Regulatory Practices) 32
GRULAC(Group of Latin-American and Caribbean Countries) 24
GSA(General Services Administration) 36
GSP(Generalized System of Preferences) 82
GSTP(Global System of Trade Preferences) 17


H

Harbor Maintenance Fee 106
hard core cartel 4
Harmonization Work Programme 119
high tariff 6
historical preferences 71
HM(Horizontal Mechanism) 65
horizontal approach 61
horizontal commitments 61
horizontal issues 61
HS(Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System) 105


I

ICAO(International Civil Aviation Organization) 17
IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) 18
IF(Integrated Framework) 3
IFAD(International Fund for Agricultural Development) 16
ILO Declaration on Fundamental  Principles and Right at Work, 1998 84
ILO(International Labour Organization) 16
IMD(Incrementally Modified Drug) 3
import licensing 58
import quotas 58
import restrictions 58
Incentive-based Mechanism 81
income insurance and income safety-net programs 56
indirect expropriation 2
industrial design 79
Industrial Subsidy 48
infant-industry provision 79
Injunctive Relief 14
injury margin 48
injury 105
in-quota rate 100
INR(Initial Negotiation Right) 98
insufficient operations/non-qualifying operation 45
Insurance on Cargo 87
interconnection 50
interested parties 80
interested third parties 90
International Convention for the Protection of  Performers, Producers of Phonogram and  Broadcasting Organization 66
International Plant Protection Convention 18
Internet Protocol Network 116
Intra-Corporate Transferee 21
Inward Processing 70
IPRs(Intellectual Property Rights) 96
ISO 14000 19
ISO 9000 19
ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 18
ISP 혹은 OSP  73
ITA II 90
ITA(Information Technology Agreement) 90
ITC(International Trade Centre) 16
ITC(International Trade Commission) 17


J

JITAP(Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Program) 7
Jones Act(Merchant Marine Act of 1920) 93
July Package 111
juridical person 41


K

Kennedy Round 99


L

Landing Facilities 79
lay-out designs of integrated circuits 97
LDCs(Least-Developed Countries) 97
Leases Circuits 88
lesser duty rule 98
less-than-formula cut 7
less-than-full reciprocity 45
lex posterior 65

lex speciali 102
limited tendering 92
linear tariff reduction 53
Lisbon Agreement 31
LMO(Living Modified Organism) 79
local content requirement 16
Lome Convention 31
LP(Local Presence) 107


M

MA(Market Access) 63
Madrid Agreement 31
MAI(Multilateral Agreement on Investment) 27
mail box 31
major supplier 96
margin of preference 103
Maritime Flag State 20
Mark-up 58
Marrakesh Agreement 31
MAS(Multiple Award Schedule) 27
MEA(Multilateral Environmental Agreements) 27
Measure 93
Merchandise Processing Fee 35
Mercosur 24
MFA(Multi-Fiber Arrangement) 27
MFN Applied Rate 99
MFN exemption 99
MFN(Most-Favoured Nation Treatment) 98
Minimum Standard of Treatment 97
MM(Monitoring Mechanism) 80
MMA(Minimum Market Access) 98
modalities 108
Modalities 70
modes of delivery 52
Montreal Protocol 73
Moral Right 80
MRA(Mutual Recognition Agreement) 50
multifunctionality 27
multilateralism 27
multi-modal 110
Mutual Recognition Arrangement 50


N

NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement) 44
NAMA(Non-Agricultural Market Access) 46
national treatment 24
natural persons 83
negative list 20
negligible imports 38
Net Cost Method 62
NFIDC(Net Food-Importing Developing Countries) 64
NGBT(Negotiating Group on Basic Telecommunications) 20
non ad valorem duties 47
non-actionable subsidies 107
Non-Conforming Measure 47
non-cumulation 47
non-discrimination 35
non-facilities-based suppliers of public telecommunications services 42
non-linear formula 47
non-preferential rules of origin 47
non-tariff barrier 46
non-violation case 47
notification 101
NRTL(Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory) 14
NTC(Non-Trade Concerns) 46
NTM(Non-Tariff Measure) 46
nuisance tariff 57
nullification and impairment 35
number portability 41


O

OECD Hard Core Cartel Recommendation 117
OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 5
offsets 28
Open Regionalism 3
open tendering procedures 7
open tendering 7
OPIC(Overseas Private Investment Corporation) 106
original membership of the WTO 120
originating good 76
OTDS(Overall Trade-Distorting Domestic Support) 34
out-of-quota rate 100
Outward Processing 72


P

Parallel Imports 42
Parallelism 104
Paris Club 104
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 104
Partnership Agreement 65
Patent Linkage 105
patent 103
PC(Public Communication) 8
PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty) 103
Peace Clause 104
PECC(Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference) 100
performance requirement 80
performer 66
Pest(or Disease) Free Area 42
PIC(Perior Informed Consent) 48
Pick-up Truck 106
piracy 107
Plurilateral Trade Agreement 43
POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants) 84
Portfolio Management Service 83
positive comity 86
Post Clearance Audit 101
PPM(Process and Production Method) 91
pre-arrival processing 29
preference erosion 104
preferences 103
preferential rules of origin 103
Preferential Tariff 103
Preferential Trade Agreements 34
Presumptive Validity 79
price undertaking 1
prima facie 81
priority foreign countries 74
Processing Operation Criterion 1
progressive liberalisation 89
Protocol of Accession 1
Protocol on Biosafety 38
protocols 80
provisional anti-dumping duties 84
provisional countervailing duties 85
Provisional Measure 85
prudential regulation 3
PSE(Producer Subsidy Equivalent) 51
PSI(Preshipment Inspection) 53
Public Telecommunication Network 8


Q

QR(Quantitative Restriction) 57
Quad 108
qualifications of suppliers 7
Quasi-Tax 94
quota auction 57
quota 58


R

R/O(Request & Offer) 63
Ratchet 72
RBP(Restrictive Business Practices) 4
RCEP(Regional Comprehensive Economic  Partenership) 71
reciprocity 51
recognition 81
Recordal System 64
Rectification 5
Regional Value contents 71
Related Rights, Neighboring Rights 86
Release prior to Acceptance of Declaration 58
Relief Inaudita Altera Parte, Relief without Hearing the Other Party 82
request 63
Resale 85
Reservations List 78
retaliatory tariff 42
Retransmission Right 85
reverse consensus 72
reverse transfer of technology 70
Right of Performance 7
Right of Reproduction 43
Right of Transmission 88
Rights Management Information 19
Rights of Way 52
RIO(Reference Interconnection Offer) 105
Risk Management 77
RTA(Regional Trade Agreement) 96
Rules of origin 75
RVC(regional value content) 71


S

S&D(special and differential treatment) 3
SACU(Southern African Customs Union) 24
SBS(Simultaneous Buy and Sell) 70
schedule of concessions 70
schedule of specific commitments 14
SDoC(Supplier's Declaration of Conformity) 7
Seasonal Duties 6
SEC(Securities and Exchange Commission) 36
Section 201 37
Section 22 waiver 111
Section 301 37
sectoral approach 45
sectorial tariff elimination 45
security exceptions 68
selectivity 53
Self Regulatory Organization 83
sensitive products 38
serious prejudice 66
SG(Safeguard Measures) 22
SIDS(Small Island Developing Country) 56
simple average tariff rate 28
Simplified Fixed Duty Drawback 2
Singapore Issues 67
Singapore Ministerial Conference 67
Single Substantive Transformation Criteria 28
single undertaking 81
Single Window 28
source code 57
Spaghetti-bowl effect 62
Special 301 63
Special Product 102
special treatment 13
specific duty 94
specificity 102
SPLT(Substantive Patent Law Treaty) 103
SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Measure 77
SSG(Special Safeguards) 102
SSM(Special Safeguard Mechanism) 2
Standstill 107
Statutory Damages 41
STE(State Trading Enterprise) 16
Submarine Patent 84
Subrogation 28
subsidy 43
substantial sectoral coverage 49
substantial transformation test 66
sunset clause 81
Super 301 61
Super Fund 62
Surety Bond 43
swing 88
Swiss Formula 62


T

TA(Technical Assistance) 21
Targeted Dumping 105
Tariff Barriers 11
Tariff binding 10
tariff cap 10
Tariff Concession Modalities 11
tariff escalation 4
tariff harmonization 12
tariff heading 56
tariff line 12
tariff peaks 12
Tariff Quota Underfill Mechanism  38
Tariff Simplification 9
tariffication 12

Tax on Tax 95
Taxation Based on Engine Displacement 40
TBT(Technical Barriers to Trade) 33
TE(Tariff Equivalent) 10
technical specifications 21
Technological Protection Measures 21
Temporary Copies 82
temporary entrance 82
The Common Criteria Evaluation and Validation Scheme 42
Tied-Aid 92
TIFA(Trade and Investment Framework Agreement) 33
TMB(Textile Monitoring Body) 54
TNC(Trade Negotiations Committee) 35
Tokyo Round 30
TOR(Terms of Reference) 77
TPA(Trade Promotion Authority) 101
TPL(Tariff Preference Levels) 12
TPP(Trans-Pacific Partnership) 109
TPRB(Trade Policy Review Body) 34
TPRM(Trade Policy Review Mechanism) 34
trade creation 34
trade diversion 34
trade facilitation 34
trade remedies 33
trade-chilling effect 33
trade-weighted average tariff rate 32
Transaction Value 3
Transition Period 93
transitional product-specific safeguards 9
transitional safeguard mechanism 85
Transshipment Goods 109
Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation 74
Treaty of Rome 30
trigger level 40
Trigger Price 40
TRIMs(Trade Related Investment Measures) 33
TRIPS(Agreement on Trade-Related  Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) 32
TRQ(Tariff Rate Quotas) 11
TSB(Textile Surveillance Body) 54


U

Unbundling Network Elements 31
UNCLOS(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 78
UNCTAD(The UN Conference on Trade and Development) 78
unethical business practice 47
UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 21
Uniform Regulation 101
UPOV(International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) 18
UR Negotiation 73
USTR(US Trade Representative)  36


V

Value Added Test/Ad Valorem Percentage Criterion 44
variable levy 1
VER(Voluntary Export Restraints) 60
vertical approach 59
VRA(Voluntary Restraint Arrangement) 83


W

waiver 79
Washington Treaty 74
WCO(World Customs Organization) 55
WCT(WIPO Copy Treaty) 86
Well-Known Mark 94
WFC(World Food Council) 56
WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization) 56
Working Party on Accession 1
World Organizaion for Animal Health 55
WPPT(WIPO Performances and Phonogram Treaty) 65
WTO Procedures Governing Dispute Resolution 119
WTO Reference Paper 119

WTO SCM(Subsidies and Countervailing  Measures) Agreement 55
WTO Trade Policy Review 55
WTO(World Trade Organization) 55


Y

Yarn Forward 74


Z

Zanzibar Declaration 84
zero for zero, tariff elimination 32
zero option 91
zeroing 91