환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 27001-27100

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 27001-27100

번호                  용어                  해설

27001    ◆         SANITARY WASTEWATER  ◆         오수; 주택과 상업용, 공용 또는 이와 유사한 시설에서 배출되는 하수

27002    ◆         Sanitary Water (Also known as gray water)            ◆         Water discharged from sinks, showers, kitchens, or other non-industrial operations, but not from commodes.

27003    ◆         Sanitation          ◆         Control of physical factors in the human environment that could harm development, health, or survival.

27004    ◆         SANSS   ◆         Structure and Nomenclature Search System

27005    ◆         SAP       ◆         Scientific Advisory Panel

27006    ◆         saponification     ◆         a chemical reaction in which esters are hydrolyzed under basic conditions to give an alcohol and a salt of the acid; this process is usually carried out on fats, and the sodium salt formed is called a soap.

27007    ◆         saponification equivalent  ◆         the weight of an ester that consumes one gram-equivalent weight of base in saponification.

27008    ◆         saponification number     ◆         the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to hydrolyze the fat, oil, or wax in a one-gram sample.

27009    ◆         Saprolite            ◆         A soft, clay-rich, thoroughly decomposed rock formed in place by chemical weathering of igneous or metamorphic rock. Forms in humid, tropical, or subtropical climates.

27010    ◆         Saprophytes       ◆         Organisms living on dead or decaying organic matter that help natural decomposition of organic matter in water.

27011    ◆         SAR      ◆         Start Action Request. Structural Activity Relationship (of a qualitative assessment)

27012    ◆         SAR (Sodium Absorption Ratio)    ◆            토양내의 나트륨이온(Na+)과 칼슘(Ca++), 마그네슘(Mg++)이온과의 비율로서 농업용수 수질지표로서 이용된다.         Na+의 양이 Ca++과 Mg++의 양과 비교하여 과다할 때는 Na+가 Ca++와 치환되어 배수가 불량한 토양이 되며, 경작이 어려운 토질로 변한다. SAR의 값이 26 이하인 경우는 경작토양으로 문제가 발생되지 않는다.

27013    ◆         SARA    ◆         Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

27014    ◆         Sarcodina          ◆         위족류; 세포벽을 가지고 있지 않으며 원형질이 일정한 모양을 유지하지 앟고 유동하여 위족을 만들어 ameba상 운동을 하는 원생동물

27015    ◆         SARD    ◆         지속가능한 농업및 농촌개발; Sustainable agriculture and rural development

27016    ◆         Sargent curve     ◆         a graph that shows the decay constraints of radioactive isotopes, which emit beta particles, against the maximum energy the particles produce, measured on a logarithmic scale.

27017    ◆         SAROAD            ◆         Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data

27018    ◆         SAS       ◆         Special Analytical Service. Statistical Analysis System

27019    ◆         SASS     ◆         Source Assessment Sampling System

27020    ◆         saturated           ◆         describing a solution that is not able to dissolve additional solute; i.e., a solution that contains the maximum possible amount of a substance under the given conditions.

27021    ◆         SATURATED CALOMEL ELECTRODE            ◆         포화칼로멜전극 : 가장 널리 쓰이는 칼로멜전극

27022    ◆         saturated diode  ◆         a diode operating under conditions such that its current cannot be increased by raising the voltage.

27023    ◆         saturated liquid  ◆         a liquid solution that contains so much dissolved substance that no more will dissolve at a given temperature and pressure.

27024    ◆         saturated solution           ◆         a solution that contains a sufficient amount of a substance so that no more will dissolve under the given conditions; i.e., the concentration of dissolved solute is or would be in equilibrium with any excess undissolved solute; the undissolved solute need not actually be present for the description to apply.

27025    ◆         SATURATED ZONE           ◆         포화층; 토양, 수분으로 구성된 지하지질층

27026    ◆         Saturated Zone   ◆         The area below the water table where all open spaces are filled with water under pressure equal to or greater than that of the atmosphere.

27027    ◆         saturating signal ◆         a radar signal whose amplitude is greater than the receiver's dynamic range.

27028    ◆         saturation          ◆         ㆍ a condition in which an input signal no longer generates a change in the output signal of a circuit.a condition in which an input signal no longer generates a change in the output signal of a circuit. ㆍ the condition in which a transistor is driven so hard that its collector reverses itself and becomes positive with respect to the base instead of negative.the condition in which a transistor is driven so hard that its collector reverses itself and becomes positive with respect to the base instead of negative.

27029    ◆         Saturation          ◆         The condition of a liquid when it has taken into solution the maximum possible quantity of a given substance at a given temp-erature and pressure.

27030    ◆         SATURATION CHARGE     ◆         포화전하량

27031    ◆         saturation current           ◆         ㆍ the greatest amount of current that can be obtained under specific conditions, as when the maximum voltage has been applied.the greatest amount of current that can be obtained under specific conditions, as when the maximum voltage has been applied. ㆍ the current in the anode when it has received all of the electrons emitted by the cathode.the current in the anode when it has received all of the electrons emitted by the cathode. 3. the current, traveling between the base and a collector in a transistor, that is no longer affected by an increase in voltage.the current, traveling between the base and a collector in a transistor, that is no longer affected by an increase in voltage.

27032    ◆         saturation limiting           ◆         a method of suppressing the output voltage in an electron tube by saturating its anode with current.

27033    ◆         saturation point  ◆         the point at which a solution will receive no more of a certain solute under the given conditions.

27034    ◆         saturator            ◆         a device that saturates one material with another, such as an inert gas with the vapors of a volatile liquid.

27035    ◆         SAV       ◆         Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

27036    ◆         savart    ◆         a unit of pitch interval formerly used instead of the cent; 1 savart was defined as 1/300 of an octave, resulting in 25 savarts for a tempered semitone and 50 savarts for a whole tone.

27037    ◆         Savonius rotor    ◆         an impeller consisting of two offset semicylindrical elements that rotate about a vertical axis.

27038    ◆         Savonius windmill           ◆         a windmill having two offset semicylindrical cups that rotate about a vertical axis.

27039    ◆         saw gumming    ◆         a process in which burrs and machine marks are ground out of a saw blade.

27040    ◆         sawing  ◆         the cutting of a piece or part with a band, blade, or circular disk having teeth.

27041    ◆         sawmill  ◆         ㆍ a large machine that uses a saw or a series of saws to strip and cut logs.a large machine that uses a saw or a series of saws to strip and cut logs. ㆍ a building that houses such machines.a building that houses such machines.

27042    ◆         sawtooth           ◆         of a waveform, repeatedly rising and falling, such that its representation resembles the teeth of a saw.

27043    ◆         sawtooth crusher            ◆         a crushing apparatus that passes the material between two sawtooth-studded shafts and rotates it at different speeds; the product size is controlled by the peripheral speeds and the saw spacings.

27044    ◆         sawtooth generator         ◆         a device that produces alternating voltage in a sawtooth waveform.

27045    ◆         sawtooth modulated jamming      ◆            a radar countermeasure in which high-powered signals are transmitted into an enemy's receiver in order to obliterate signals received from a target.

27046    ◆         sawtooth pulse   ◆         a signal characterized by a gradual rise in amplitude followed by an abrupt drop.

27047    ◆         sawtooth wave   ◆         a periodic wave whose amplitude varies linearly between two values.

27048    ◆         SBC       ◆         Single Breath Cannister

27049    ◆         SC        ◆         Sierra Club

27050    ◆         scale     ◆         ㆍ a graduated rule or instrument used in mechanical drawing to measure linear dimensions.a graduated rule or instrument used in mechanical drawing to measure linear dimensions. ㆍ to measure distance in this manner.to measure distance in this manner.

27051    ◆         scale height       ◆         a difference between height h and a given height h0, used to determine the atmospheric pressure at h from the given pressure at h0.

27052    ◆         scaler    ◆         ㆍ a device that generates an output pulse after a specified number of input pulses are received; used to count pulses in digital computers. Also, SCALING CIRCUIT.a device that generates an output pulse after a specified number of input pulses are received; used to count pulses in digital computers. Also, SCALING CIRCUIT. ㆍ a device that lengthens the frequency range of another device.a device that lengthens the frequency range of another device.

27053    ◆         scaling  ◆         ㆍ the process of counting pulses with a scaler; used when pulses arrive faster than conventional counting methods can handle.the process of counting pulses with a scaler; used when pulses arrive faster than conventional counting methods can handle. ㆍ a method for converting the coefficient of a circuit so that it corresponds to its input-signal terminals.a method for converting the coefficient of a circuit so that it corresponds to its input-signal terminals.

27054    ◆         scaling factor     ◆         the ratio of input pulses to output pulse needed by a scaler. Also, scaling ratio.

27055    ◆         scan      ◆         to sweep over a specified range, field, or dimension.

27056    ◆         scan converter    ◆         ㆍ a device that receives and converts radar images sent over telephone lines or narrow bandwidth radio circuits at an extremely fast rate, generally between three and ten kilohertz.a device that receives and converts radar images sent over telephone lines or narrow bandwidth radio circuits at an extremely fast rate, generally between three and ten kilohertz. ㆍ a tube that can store radar, television, and data displays for long periods of time.a tube that can store radar, television, and data displays for long periods of time.

27057    ◆         scandium           ◆         a metallic element having the symbol Sc, the atomic number 21, an atomic weight of 44.96, a melting point of 1540°C, and a boiling point of about 2780°C; a rare-earth-like silvery-white metal with a pink tinge that is obtained from thortveite and used in the semiconductor field. (Named for Scandia or Scandinavia, the source of the ore in which it was first identified.)

27058    ◆         scanistor            ◆         an optical scanning device that converts images into electrical signals.

27059    ◆         scanning acoustic microscope      ◆            a microscope that uses ultrasound, typically by means of a thin piezoelectric transducer to generate the ultrasound, a sapphire pellet to focus the sound, and a raster-scan cathode-ray tube to display an image of a small object with a high level of magnification. Thus, scanning acoustic microscopy.

27060    ◆         scanning electron microscope      ◆            an instrument that enlarges the image of a specimen by simultaneously and systematically sweeping an electron beam over the specimen and a cathode-ray tube display of the electric signal created when the beam first struck the specimen. Thus, scanning electron microscopy.

27061    ◆         scanning head    ◆         a device consisting of a light source and a phototube; used to scan material in a photoelectric control system.

27062    ◆         scanning linearity            ◆         the consistency of the scanning speed in a television picture tube.

27063    ◆         scanning radio   ◆         a device that automatically sweeps across radio bands and stops at the first preselected channel that is currently on the air. Also, SCAN, RADIO SCAN.

27064    ◆         scanning transmission electron microscope        ◆         an instrument that enlarges the image of a specimen by penetrating it with an extremely narrow electron beam, and then employs a detection device to produce an image by the electrons transmitted through the sample. Thus, scanning transmission electron microscopy.

27065    ◆         SCAP     ◆         Superfund Consolidated Accomplishments Plan

27066    ◆         scattering          ◆         the spreading of sound in many directions, due to irregularities in the transmission medium or due to an object placed in the sound field.

27067    ◆         scattering length ◆         a parameter used to evaluate the distribution of nuclear particles at low energies. Also, scattering power.

27068    ◆         scavenger          ◆         any chemically reactive substance added to a system to reduce trace impurities by competitive reaction with the impure species.  Metallurgy. specifically, a material added to scavenge a molten metal or alloy.

27069    ◆         scavenging         ◆         the process of discharging exhaust gases from the cylinder during an internal combustion engine cycle and replacing it with combustible gases or air.

27070    ◆         SCBA     ◆         Self-Contained Breathing Appatatus

27071    ◆         SCC       ◆         Source Classification Code

27072    ◆         SCD/SWDC        ◆         Soil or soil and Water Conservation District

27073    ◆         SCFM    ◆         Standard Cubic Feet Per Minute

27074    ◆         Scheffel engine   ◆         a multirotor engine having nine impellers that all rotate in the same direction.

27075    ◆         Scheibel extractor           ◆         a continuous liquid-liquid contacting extraction tower that uses mesh packed sections and mechanical agitation to disperse the liquids into droplets. Also, Scheibel column, Scheibel-York extractor.

27076    ◆         Schiff test          ◆         a test using Schiff's reagent to distinguish aldehydes from ketones; a purplish color indicates a positive test for aldehydes.

27077    ◆         Schiff's reagent   ◆         an aqueous solution of sulfurous acid and rosaniline hydrochloride (fuchsin); used in the Schiff test for aldehydes, and also as a nuclear stain.

27078    ◆         Schmidt number 3          ◆         a dimensionless number that represents the product of the dielectric properties and the viscosity of a liquid divided by the product of its density, electrical conductivity, and the square of its length. Also, Sc3.

27079    ◆         Schmitt trigger   ◆         a bistable device in which the output changes when the input crosses a threshold level, and the threshold for a rising input signal is higher than the threshold for a falling signal. Also, Schmitt circuit, Schmitt limiter.

27080    ◆         Schneider recoil system   ◆         an artillery recoil mechanism, based on the hydropneumatic principle, that uses the action of both water and gas.

27081    ◆         Schoenherr-Hessberger process    ◆            a nitrogen fixation process that reacts nitrogen and oxygen by using a long arc of electricity to provide an elevated temperature.

27082    ◆         Schottky barrier  ◆         a junction between a layer of semiconductor material and a layer of metal, characterized by hot carriers.

27083    ◆         Schottky barrier diode     ◆         a device having a junction between the semiconductor and a metal contact instead of between materials with different polarities, as with most PN diodes. Also, HOT-CARRIER DIODE.

27084    ◆         Schottky transistor-transistor logic ◆            a type of logic circuit in which a Schottky barrier diode is placed across a transistor's base-collector junction in order to enhance the circuit's speed. Also, Schottky TTL.

27085    ◆         Schuermann series          ◆         a series of metals ordered in a way in which the sulfide of a metal is precipitated at the expense of a metal lower in the series.

27086    ◆         Schuler pendulum           ◆         an apparatus that executes pendulumlike motion under gravity, having such a large moment of inertia that it is equivalent to a pendulum of a length equal to the earth's radius. Such a pendulum will, if initially at rest, always point toward the earth's center regardless of what motions its pivot is subjected to, making it a useful apparatus for navigation.

27087    ◆         Schultz-Hardy rule          ◆         a rule stating that ions having the opposite charge of a colloid particle are the most effective in coagulating the particle, and further, that increased ionic charge results in increased coagulating ability.

27088    ◆         Schulze's reagent            ◆         an oxidizing mixture made up of a saturated aqueous solution of KClO3 and HNO3.

27089    ◆         Schweitzer's reagent        ◆         a dark-blue solution of cupric hydroxide in concentrated ammonia that dissolves cotton, silk, and linen; used as a test for wool and in the manufacture of rayon.

27090    ◆         Science Advisory Board (SAB)       ◆            A group of external scientists who advise EPA on science and policy.

27091    ◆         scintillation        ◆         the fluctuations of a radar target about its mean position.

27092    ◆         scintillation counter         ◆         a similar device used for measuring the intensity of an X-ray beam. It makes use of the fact that X-rays cause certain substances to emit visible light by fluorescence. The intensity of this visible light is proportional to the intensity of the incident X-ray beam and is measured by a photomultiplier. Also, scintillation detector, scintillometer.

27093    ◆         scission ◆         the splitting of a molecule into two or more simpler molecules; cleavage.  Materials Science. any degradation of polymers, such as interruptions in the chains.

27094    ◆         scissor jack        ◆         a lifting jack driven by a horizontal screw that lengthens or shortens the links of the jack.

27095    ◆         SCLDF   ◆         Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund

27096    ◆         scoria    ◆         a cindery, vesicular crust formed on the surface of basaltic or andesitic lava as a result of the escape and expansion of gases before solidification.

27097    ◆         scoria cone        ◆         a volcanic cone composed of scoria.

27098    ◆         scoria mound     ◆         a round volcanic hill composed of scoria

27099    ◆         scotch boiler      ◆         a fire-tube boiler having at least one internal cylindrical furnace in which heat is transferred to water partly in the furnace and partly by the passage of hot gases through the tubes. Also, DRY-BACK BOILER.

27100    ◆         Scotch yoke       ◆         an apparatus with a four-bar linkage arrangement that converts rotary motion into simple harmonic motion.