환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24701-24800

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 24701-24800

번호                  용어                  해설

24701    ◆         phase diagram   ◆         a graphic representation of the relationships between the physical state of a substance and its pressure and temperature; e.g., a diagram showing the change in phase of a sample of carbon dioxide or water as pressure is decreased at constant temperature.

24702    ◆         PHASE DIFFERENCE         ◆         위상차 : 동일 진동수 2개의 주기적 현상이 동일 시작에 있어서의 위상의 차

24703    ◆         phase equalizer  ◆         a network that compensates for phase-frequency distortion for a selected range of frequencies.

24704    ◆         phase equilibria  ◆         the equilibrium relationships of a substance undergoing a phase change, such as from solid to liquid, under various conditions of temperature and pressure

24705    ◆         phase generator ◆         an instrument that accepts and passes single-phase input signals at a specified frequency range, or produces its own signals, in which the phase of the output signal can be varied by tuning calibrated dials on the generator.

24706    ◆         phase inversion  ◆         a condition in which the output of a circuit produces a phase difference of 180° between two waves with the same shape and frequency.

24707    ◆         phase inverter    ◆         ㆍ a device that converts the phase of a signal by 180°; commonly used to power a push-pull amplifier stage or to change the polarity of a pulse.a device that converts the phase of a signal by 180°; commonly used to power a push-pull amplifier stage or to change the polarity of a pulse. ㆍ a device that produces two output signals that are 180° out-of-phase with each other.a device that produces two output signals that are 180° out-of-phase with each other.

24708    ◆         phase jitter        ◆         a condition that causes inconsistency in the timing of the rising edge or trailing edge of pulses during transmission or processing.

24709    ◆         phase lock         ◆         a technique of adjusting the phase of an oscillator signal so that it will follow the phase of a reference signal.

24710    ◆         phase modulator ◆         a device that varies the phase of carrier signal in accordance with variations in voltage level.

24711    ◆         phase response  ◆         in an amplifier or a two-port network with a sinusoidal input, the difference between the phase at the output and the phase at the input, as a function of frequency.

24712    ◆         phase shift         ◆         specifically, variations between corresponding points on input and output signal waveshapes, expressed as degrees of lead or lag.

24713    ◆         phase solubility  ◆         the range of solubilities among the solid, liquid, and gaseous constituents in a given solvent.

24714    ◆         phase titration    ◆         an analytical technique that involves the titration of a mixture of two miscible liquids with a liquid that is miscible in only one of them, and the use of a ternary (three-phase) diagram to determine the endpoint.

24715    ◆         phase transformation      ◆         the changing of a substance's phase by freezing, melting, boiling, condensing, or sublimation.

24716    ◆         phase-locked loop          ◆         a circuit that locks the phase of an oscillator to the phase of a reference signal.

24717    ◆         phase-modulation detector          ◆            a device that extracts data from a phase-modulated carrier signal.

24718    ◆         phase-modulation transmitter       ◆            a radio transmitter that broadcasts intelligence over a phase-modulated signal.

24719    ◆         phase-probability relationships     ◆            equations representing the probability that the phase of a Bragg reflection in X-ray diffraction studies has a certain value. Such equations form the basis of phase determination in direct methods.

24720    ◆         phase-shift circuit           ◆         a system that shifts the phase of a voltage with respect to a reference voltage at the same frequency.

24721    ◆         phase-shift discriminator ◆         a device that generates an output signal that is proportional to the phase difference between two input signals.

24722    ◆         phase-shift oscillator       ◆         an oscillator composed of an amplifier and a circuit that shifts the phase of a signal by 180°, connected between the output and the input of the amplifier.

24723    ◆         phase-solubility analysis   ◆         the analysis of components in a solid substance by comparing the weight of the original sample with the weight of the sample dissolved in a solvent; based on the solubility of the components in the solvent.

24724    ◆         phasing line       ◆         the portion of the length of a facsimile scanning line that is used for the phasing signal.

24725    ◆         phasing signal    ◆         a signal that corrects the picture position along the scanning line in a facsimile system.

24726    ◆         phasitron           ◆         an electron tube that generates a frequency-modulated audio signal from the field effects induced by a magnetic coil attached to its glass envelope.

24727    ◆         PHC      ◆         Principal Hazardous Constituent

24728    ◆         Phenal의 특성 및 방제방법          ◆           

24729    ◆         Phenal의 특성 및 방제방법          ◆            주최 : 국립환경 연구원

24730    ◆         phenanthroline indicator  ◆         a red-colored reagent used as an indicator in oxidation-reduction reactions, especially for ferrous compounds.

24731    ◆         pheno-coefficient method            ◆            a method used to determine the efficiency of a germicide by comparison with phenol under controlled conditions.

24732    ◆         phenol coefficient           ◆         a value used to describe the effectiveness of a disinfectant; the coefficient indicates the highest dilution of the disinfectant that sterilizes a given bacteria culture under standardized conditions, in which phenol efficacy is set at one.

24733    ◆         phenol extraction            ◆         a petroleum-refinery solvent-extraction process used to improve the lubricating, stability, and flow properties of lubricating oils by removing asphalt and sulfur compounds with molten phenol.

24734    ◆         phenol process   ◆         a petroleum-refinery, single-solvent process that uses phenol to purify oil.

24735    ◆         phenolate process           ◆         an industrial absorption process that combines sodium phenolate and caustic soda to purify fuel gas.

24736    ◆         Phenolphthalein alkalinity ◆         P-알칼리도; pH 8.3 까지 낮추는데 주입된 산의 양을CaCO3 ppm 값으로 환산표시한 값

24737    ◆         Phenolphthalein Alkalinity            ◆            The alkalinity in a water sample measured by the amount of standard acid needed to lower thge pH to a level of 8.3 as indicated by the change of color of the phenolphthalein from pink to clear.

24738    ◆         Phenylenediamine의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

24739    ◆         PHI       ◆         Pre-Harvest Interval

24740    ◆         Philips hot-air engine      ◆         a compact hot-air engine that uses only one cylinder and piston to operate at 3000 rpm with a hot-chamber temperature of 12,000oF, a maximum pressure of 50 atmospheres, and a mean effective pressure of 14 atmospheres.

24741    ◆         Philips ionization gauge   ◆         an ionization gage that is designed to increase the length of the electron path in a vacuum tube by applying a high voltage across its two electrodes and then deflecting the electron beam with a powerful magnetic field, thus increasing the odds that the electrons and gas molecules in the tube will collide.

24742    ◆         Phillips and Johnson tube            ◆            an apparatus that monitors oxygen flow in a fermenter without disturbing the reactions that are occurring.

24743    ◆         PHMG(폴리헥사메틸렌구아디닌)    ◆            살균제나 부패방지제 등으로 흔히 사용되는 구아디닌(guanidine) 계열의 고분자화학물질이다. 다른 살균제에 비해 피부·경구에 대한 독성이 5~10분의 1 정도로 적은데다 살균력이 뛰어나고 물에 잘 녹아 물티슈, 부직포 등 여러가지 용도로 사용되지만, 흡입을 통해 폐로 유입 시 물질이 축적되기 때문에 저농도 노출에서도 폐가 딱딱해지는 폐섬유화 등 문제를 일으키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 가습기살균제의 성분으로 최근 200여명의 사망자를 포함해 1500명이 넘는 피해자를 배출한 일명 ‘옥시 사태’의 원인물질이다.

24744    ◆         phone patch      ◆         a device that is used to temporarily join an amateur or citizen-band transceiver to a telephone system.

24745    ◆         phono jack        ◆         a receptacle that accepts a phono plug to an amplifier in an audio system.

24746    ◆         phono plug        ◆         a connector used on wires that carry audio signals; used to interconnect components of an audio system.

24747    ◆         phosphate buffer            ◆         a standard laboratory solution that is prepared from KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4; used as a pH reference solution.

24748    ◆         phosphate desulfurization            ◆            a petroleum-refining process that uses tripotassium phosphate to remove hydrogen sulfide from gases.

24749    ◆         Phosphates        ◆         Certain chemical compounds containing phosphorus. Phosphogypsum Piles (Stacks): Principal byproduct generated in production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock. These piles may generate radioactive radon gas.

24750    ◆         phosphatic         ◆         of, relating to, or containing a phosphate or phosphoric acid.

24751    ◆         phosphor dot     ◆         any of the tiny dots of phosphor material that represents one of the primary colors on the screen of a television picture tube; each dot is grouped with two others on the screen

24752    ◆         phosphoramidite method ◆         a nonaqueous solid-phase technique for synthesizing oligonucleotides; the growing chain is anchored to a solid support and then reacted with the 5'-end of the next nucleotide to be polymerized.

24753    ◆         phosphoric acid polymerization    ◆            a refinery process that uses phosphoric acid to catalyze polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons into compounds that boil in the gasoline range.

24754    ◆         phosphorimetry  ◆         an analytical procedure in which a test substance is irradiated with ultraviolet light and the amount of phosphorescence emitted is measured.

24755    ◆         phosphorus        ◆         a widely occurring nonmetallic element having the symbol P, the atomic number 15, an atomic weight of 30.9738, a melting point of 44.1°C (white form), and a boiling point of 280°C (white form); it occurs in three main allotropic forms: white (or yellow) phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. It is used in matches, fertilizers, pesticides, and various other industrial products. Phosphorus is an essential element of the human diet and is the main component of bones and teeth; it is involved in some form in virtually all processes of metabolism. (From Phosphorus, a bright star; going back to the Greek word for light; referring to the property of white phosphorus of igniting in air at ordinary temperatures.)

24756    ◆         Phosphorus        ◆         An essential chemical food element that can contribute to the eutrophication of lakes and other water bodies. Increased phosphorus levels result from discharge of phosphorus-containing materials into surface waters.

24757    ◆         Phosphorus Plants          ◆         Facilities using electric furnaces to produce elemental phosphrous for commercial use, such as high grade phosphoric acid, phosphate-based detergent, and organic chemicals use.

24758    ◆         Phostrip process ◆         포스트립 공정; 탄소성 유기물과 인제거 공정

24759    ◆         photoaddition    ◆         a process that uses radiant energy to produce a single molecule from two unsaturated molecules.

24760    ◆         photobiological hydrogen production            ◆         any of a wide variety of biological processes that use light and a biocatalyst to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

24761    ◆         photocatalysis    ◆         a spontaneous reaction that is promoted by or speeded up by radiant energy.

24762    ◆         photocatalyst      ◆         a substance that facilitates the utilization of sunlight, as chlorophyll does in photosynthesis.

24763    ◆         photocathode     ◆         an electrode that emits electrons when exposed to electromagnetic radiation such as light; found in phototubes, television camera tubes, and other devices that are sensitive to light.

24764    ◆         photocell           ◆         a device that generates electrical energy, usually as a voltage or current, from light energy. Also, PHOTOELECTRIC CELL, ELECTRIC EYE.

24765    ◆         photocell relay    ◆         a switching circuit that is activated by a signal sent by a photocell when it absorbs or does not absorb light.

24766    ◆         photochemical    ◆         relating to or involving the chemical effect of light.

24767    ◆         photochemical oxidant    ◆         a substance that becomes an oxidant through the absorption of light or another form of radiant energy.

24768    ◆         PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS        ◆            광화학적 산화물 : 배출원에서 직접 배출되는 것이 아니라, 햇빛, 탄화수소, 질소산화물이 관련된 복잡한 화학반응에 의해 대기권하층부에서 간접적으로 생성되는 2차 오염물질

24769    ◆         Photochemical Oxidants   ◆         Air pollutants formed by the action of sunlight on oxides of nitrogen and hydrocabons.

24770    ◆         photochemical reaction   ◆         a chemical change brought about by the interaction of the molecules of a substance with light; e.g., photosynthesis, photography.

24771    ◆         PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG ◆         광화학스모그

24772    ◆         Photochemical Smog       ◆         Air pollution caused by chemical reactions of various pollutants emitted from different sources. (See: photochemical oxidants.).

24773    ◆         photochemistry  ◆         the branch of chemistry concerned with chemical reactions caused or influenced by the effect of light. Thus, photochemist.

24774    ◆         photochromic     ◆         relating to, characterized by, or producing photochromism.

24775    ◆         photochromic reaction    ◆         any reaction that involves the change of color of a substance due to incident radiation

24776    ◆         photochromism  ◆         a color change, usually darkening, that certain organisms undergo when exposed to light of a particular wavelength.

24777    ◆         photoconductive cell       ◆         a device in which conductance is proportional to the amount of light striking the cell; used to measure or detect electromagnetic radiation.

24778    ◆         photoconductive device   ◆         a device that changes the level of an electric signal when light alters its conductivity.

24779    ◆         photoconductive film      ◆         a film of material that conducts electricity more easily when exposed to light.

24780    ◆         photoconductive gain factor         ◆            the ratio of the number of electrons flowing, per second, through a cube of semiconducting material to the number of photons absorbed, per second, by this material.

24781    ◆         photoconductive meter    ◆         a device in which a battery provides power through a photoconductive cell attached to a milliammeter; used to measure light intensity.

24782    ◆         photoconductivity gain    ◆         the ratio between the number of electrons flowing through a photoconductive circuit to the number of electrons generated by light.

24783    ◆         photocurrent      ◆         an electric current produced when radiant energy, such as ultraviolet light, strikes an electrode.

24784    ◆         photodegradation           ◆         any process in which radiant energy decomposes a substance.

24785    ◆         photodetachment           ◆         a process in which a photon of light is absorbed and an electron is detached.

24786    ◆         photodetector    ◆         a device that senses and measures light. Also, PHOTOSENSOR.

24787    ◆         photodimerization           ◆         a process in which an unexcited molecule gains atoms from a highly charged unsaturated molecule of the same species as a result of radiant energy.

24788    ◆         photodiode        ◆         a diode in which current flow is regulated by light intensity. Also, photoconductor diode.

24789    ◆         photodisintegration         ◆         the decomposition of a nucleus that takes place after it absorbs gamma rays.

24790    ◆         photodissociation           ◆         a process in which atoms are removed from a molecule by the absorption of a quantum of radiant energy.

24791    ◆         photoelectric      ◆         of or relating to the electrical effects of light, including the emission of electrons, the generation of a voltage, or a change in resistance.

24792    ◆         photoelectric absorption  ◆         an emission of electrons caused by illumination.

24793    ◆         photoelectric colorimetry ◆         the determination of the concentration of a colored solution using the tri-stimulus values of three primary light filter-photocell combinations.

24794    ◆         photoelectric constant     ◆         the ratio between the frequency of the radiation causing electron flow and the voltage equaling the radiation absorbed by the electron; this corresponds to Planck's constant divided by the electron charge.

24795    ◆         photoelectric counter      ◆         a device in a photocell or phototube that tallies the number of times an object intercepts the light beam shining on it.

24796    ◆         photoelectric device        ◆         a device that generates an electrical signal when exposed to infrared, visible, or ultraviolet radiation.

24797    ◆         photoelectric intrusion detector    ◆            a burglar-alarm system that is activated when an intruder interrupts the beam of light illuminating a phototube.

24798    ◆         photoelectric lighting control       ◆            a means of varying the light intensity in a given area by employing a photoelectric relay.

24799    ◆         photoelectric relay          ◆         a device whose ability to open and close an electric circuit is controlled by the interaction of light, a photocell, and an amplifier; this forms the basic unit in a photoelectric alarm system. Also, LIGHT RELAY.

24800    ◆         photoelectricity   ◆         the electricity produced when light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation strike certain materials such as cesium, selenium, and silicon.