환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21401-21500

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 21401-21500

번호                  용어                  해설

21401    ◆         internal flue       ◆         a furnace tube or fire tube that runs through the water space of a boiler.

21402    ◆         internal force     ◆         any force exerted within a system to affect another part of the same system; e.g., the force of nuclear attraction within a solid body.

21403    ◆         internal friction   ◆         a property of matter by which deformation is somewhat resisted and the conversion of applied energy to heat occurs during deformation of material.

21404    ◆         internal furnace  ◆         a boiler furnace containing a firebox set inside a water-cooled heating surface.

21405    ◆         internal gas drive            ◆         a primary recovery of oil wherein oil is forced out of the reservoir by the expansion of the gas initially dissolved in the liquid. Also, SOLUTION GAS DRIVE, DISSOLVED-GAS DRIVE, GAS-DEPLETION DRIVE.

21406    ◆         internal grinder  ◆         a machine designed for grinding internal surfaces, as in holes and cylinders.

21407    ◆         INTERNAL RECIRCULATION          ◆            내부반송

21408    ◆         INTERNAL STANDARD     ◆         내부표준물 : 각 표준물과 분석시료에 일정량 가해주는 순수한 물질

21409    ◆         internal stress     ◆         stress that exists in a solid when no external forces are being applied. Also, RESIDUAL STRESS, INITIAL STRESS.

21410    ◆         internal vibrator  ◆         a vibrating device that is enclosed in a cylinder and drawn through wet concrete to ensure proper compaction.

21411    ◆         internal-combustion engine          ◆            an engine in which the process of combustion takes place in the cylinder or cylinders, and the products of combustion serve as the thermodynamic fluid; for example, a gasoline or diesel engine.

21412    ◆         INTERNALIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS   ◆        환경비용의 내부화  천연자원의 활용, 오염, 쓰레기발생, 소비, 폐기 및 기타요소등을 고려하여, 제품생산 및 사용의 환경비용이 시장가격에 반영되어야 한다는 것을 의미함

21413    ◆         internally fired boiler       ◆         a boiler whose firebox or furnace is set inside the boiler and is surrounded by water.

21414    ◆         internal-mix atomizer      ◆         a pneumatic atomizer in which gas and liquid are mixed within the air cap, before the gas expands through the nozzle; used in low-pressure work, as in small compressors. Also, internal-mix spray gun.

21415    ◆         INTERNATIONAL ACTION PROGRAM ON WATER AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT            ◆         국제 수자원 및 지속가능한 농업개발 행동 프로그램

21416    ◆         INTERNATIONAL CHARTER ON FOREST            ◆         세계산림헌장

21417    ◆         INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER AND ENVIRONMENT       ◆         담수자원에 관한 국제회의

21418    ◆         international economy and environment and development            ◆         환경과 경제개발의 조화

21419    ◆         INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENT      ◆         국제환경협약 : 환경을 보호하기 위하여 체결되는 양자간, 다자간 국제협약으로 주로 지구적차원의 환경을 보전하기 위한 국가별 의무 또는 노력을 규정하고 있음

21420    ◆         International Foundation for Survival and Development of Humanity           ◆         인류생존과 개발을 위한 국제재단

21421    ◆         International Geophysical Year      ◆            the period between July 1, 1957, and December 31, 1958, during which international programs of geophysical explorations of the solar and terrestrial atmospheres were conducted.

21422    ◆         INTERNATIONAL GEO-SPHERE-BIO-SPHERE PROGRAM         ◆         국제지구권-생물권 프로그램

21423    ◆         International Geo-Sphere-Bio-Sphere Programme        ◆         국제지구권 - 생물권 프로그램

21424    ◆         International Quiet Sun Year         ◆            an international program of solar observations carried out in 1964-1965, during the minimum of the eleven-year cycle of solar activity.

21425    ◆         INTERNATIONAL REFERRAL SYSTEM            ◆         인포테라  INFORTERRA, 국제간의 환경정보조회 제도임

21426    ◆         INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICALS   ◆         국제유해성화학물질등록제도

21427    ◆         INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL GUIDELINE FOR SAFETY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ◆         생명공학기술의 안전성확보를 위한 국제기술지침  생물다양성 협약에서 “생명공학안전성 의정서”가 채택될 때까지의 임시지침

21428    ◆         internuclear distance       ◆         the space between two nuclei in a molecule.

21429    ◆         Interparticle bridging       ◆         입자간 가교; 고분자 전해질에 의한 입자간의 응집메카니즘

21430    ◆         INTERPOLATION METHODS          ◆            통계적인 내삽방법

21431    ◆         interrogator       ◆         a device that generates the signals needed to trigger a transponder. Also, CHALLENGER.

21432    ◆         interrogator-responsor     ◆         a device that can generate the signals needed to trigger a transponder and then receive and display the reply.

21433    ◆         interstage transformer     ◆         a transfomer that couples two electronic stages together.

21434    ◆         Interstate Carrier Water Supply     ◆            A source of water for drinking and sanitary use on planes, buses, trains, and ships operating in more than one state. These sources are federally regulated.

21435    ◆         Interstate Commerce Clause         ◆            A clause of the U.S. Constitution which reserves to the federal government the right to regulate the conduct of business across state lines. Under this clause, for example, the U.S. supreme Court has ruled that states may not inequitably restrict the disposal of out-of-state wastes in their jurisdictions.

21436    ◆         Interstate Waters ◆         Waters that flow across or form part of state or international boundaries; e.g., the Great Lakes, the Mississippi river, or coastal waters.

21437    ◆         Interstitial Monitoring      ◆         The continuous surveillance of the space between the walls of an underground storage tank.

21438    ◆         intimacy ◆         a measure of how close a performer's sound is to the audience during a live performance; it is considered adequate when all reflected sound reaches all listeners within 20 milliseconds of direct sound.

21439    ◆         intonation          ◆         ㆍ the variations in pitch level that characterize spoken language and that serve to emphasize or deemphasize certain elements of a sentence. English is usually identified as having four intonation levels: the normal speaking level, a level one step below normal for lesser emphasis, a level one step above for greater emphasis, and a level two steps above for special emphasis.the variations in pitch level that characterize spoken language and that serve to emphasize or deemphasize certain elements of a sentence. English is usually identified as having four intonation levels: the normal speaking level, a level one step below normal for lesser emphasis, a level one step above for greater emphasis, and a level two steps above for special emphasis. ㆍ a general pattern of pitch change that distinguishes a certain language or dialect; e.g., speakers of English typically use a rising intonation at the end to convert a statement into a question, as in She's a doctor?a general pattern of pitch change that distinguishes a certain language or dialect;

21440    ◆         intramolecular    ◆         relating to the interaction of different atoms within the same molecule.

21441    ◆         intramolecular forces       ◆         those forces which act to cause individual atoms to attract other adjacent atoms within the same molecule, and which are relatively strong in comparison to the forces that act between different molecules.

21442    ◆         Intrastate Product           ◆         Pesticide products once registered by states for sale and use only in the state. All intrastate products have been converted to full federal registration or canceled.

21443    ◆         intrastratal solution         ◆         the removal by solution of the mineral constituents of rock within a sedimentary bed. Also, DIFFERENTIAL SOLUTION.

21444    ◆         INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION        ◆            자연정화법; 자연내에 있는 미생물등에 의한 정화능력을 이용한 오염토양복원기술

21445    ◆         intrinsic layer     ◆         a layer of semiconductor material to which no impurities have been added.

21446    ◆         INTRINSIC REACTION      ◆         고유반응

21447    ◆         intrinsic tracer    ◆         a naturally occurring isotope that is ideally suited to serve as a tracer for a given element in chemical and physical process studies.

21448    ◆         intrinsic-barrier diode      ◆         a device in which a thin layer of silicon that is free of impurities serves as a barrier between regions in an integrated circuit with opposing electrical properties.

21449    ◆         intrinsic-barrier transistor ◆         a device in which the thin layer of silicon that separates the collector from the base is free from impurities.

21450    ◆         introfaction        ◆         a change of fluidity and wetting properties of an impregnating material caused by the introduction of an introfier.

21451    ◆         introfier ◆         any substance that accelerates the penetrating power of a fluid or other impregnating material; a wetting accelerator.

21452    ◆         invariable line     ◆         the line of the angular momentum vector of a rotating rigid body not acted on by external torques.

21453    ◆         invariable plane  ◆         the fixed plane which must at all times contain the tip of a freely rotating rigid body's angular velocity vector, as a result of conservation of energy and angular momentum.

21454    ◆         Inventory (TSCA) ◆         Inventory of chemicals produced pursuant to Section 8 (b) of the Toxic Substances Control Act.

21455    ◆         inverse beta decay          ◆         a collision of a neutrino with a neutron that produces a proton, providing evidence for the existence of the neutrino.

21456    ◆         inverse current   ◆         the current that is generated when inverse voltage is applied to a circuit.

21457    ◆         inverse electrode current  ◆            electrons that are flowing through an electrode in the direction opposite to that for which the electrode was designed.

21458    ◆         inverse limiter    ◆         a transducer whose output is constant for input that falls in a specified range and linear (or some other function) for input outside that range.

21459    ◆         inverse peak voltage        ◆         ㆍ the voltage that appears across a rectifier tube or X-ray tube during the nonconducting portion of a voltage cycle.the voltage that appears across a rectifier tube or X-ray tube during the nonconducting portion of a voltage cycle. ㆍ the highest instantaneous voltage that a rectifier tube or an X-ray tube can tolerate in the inverse direction without causing current to flow.the highest instantaneous voltage that a rectifier tube or an X-ray tube can tolerate in the inverse direction without causing current to flow.

21460    ◆         inverse voltage   ◆         voltage that is applied to the negative terminal of a rectifier when current is not flowing through it.

21461    ◆         Inversion           ◆         A layer of warm air that prevents the rise of cooling air and traps pollutants beneath it; can cause an air pollution episode.

21462    ◆         INVERSION LAYER           ◆         역전층

21463    ◆         invert    ◆         a substance produced by inversion, such as an invert sugar.  Civil Engineering. the base or bottom of a pipe or artificial channel.

21464    ◆         inverted amplifier           ◆         a vacuum tube circuit in which the output capacitance is significantly reduced by passing the incoming signals between the cathodes of two separate tubes, whose grids are grounded and act as a shield between the input and output circuits.

21465    ◆         inverted engine  ◆         an in-line engine whose cylinders are set beneath the crankshaft; an adaptation used especially in certain aircraft to improve the pilot's line of sight.

21466    ◆         invert-emulsion mud       ◆         a drilling mud having a dispersed phase of salt or fresh water and a continuous phase of oil.

21467    ◆         inverter ◆         ㆍ a device that converts a positive signal into a negative one, or vice versa.a device that converts a positive signal into a negative one, or vice versa. ㆍ a device that converts an input pulse into an output pulse in a computer, so that when the input is high, the output is low and vice versa.a device that converts an input pulse into an output pulse in a computer, so that when the input is high, the output is low and vice versa.

21468    ◆         inverting amplifier          ◆         a circuit that increases current or voltage and reverses its polarity.

21469    ◆         inverting function           ◆         a type of logic circuit that inverts the input signal, so that the output signal is out of phase with the input signal.

21470    ◆         inverting parametric device          ◆            a device that inverts the distribution of electrons in a laser through the time variation of three frequencies, the harmonic of the pump frequency (which initiates the inversion) and two signal frequencies.

21471    ◆         inverting terminal           ◆         in an operational amplifier, the inverting input that provides a 180° phase shift at the output.

21472    ◆         IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING ◆         반응조 부식토화

21473    ◆         INVOLUNTARILY ENCOUNTERED   ◆            비자발적인 노출

21474    ◆         IOB       ◆         Iron Ore Beneficiation

21475    ◆         iodine number    ◆         a determination of the unsaturation of an organic compound by measuring the amount of iodine absorbed over a specific period of time. Also, iodine value.

21476    ◆         iodine test         ◆         a test for the presence of starch using a potassium iodide solution; a blue color indicates a positive test.

21477    ◆         iodine-131         ◆         a radioactive isotope of iodine with mass number 131 and a half-life of 8.04 days; used as a tracer in medical and industrial research.

21478    ◆         iodometry          ◆         the quantitative analysis of copper, gold, arsenic, and other elements or compounds using excess iodide ion as a reductant; the iodine freed in the associating reaction is determined by titration with potassium thiosulfate, using starch as an indicator.

21479    ◆         IOM : INTERCELLULAR ORGANIC MATTER            ◆         세포내 유기물

21480    ◆         Ion        ◆         An electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

21481    ◆         ion atmosphere  ◆         a cloudlike configuration of ions that are loosely bound around an ion of the opposite charge. Also, ION CLOUD, ION CLUSTER.

21482    ◆         ion cloud           ◆         a region of enhanced ion density in the ionosphere, often occurring in the E layer.

21483    ◆         ion column        ◆         the visible train of ionized gas left by a meteorite entering the atmosphere.

21484    ◆         ion detector       ◆         any instrument used to determine the presence or concentration of ions.

21485    ◆         ion exchange     ◆         the replacement of inner layer and surface ions in clay minerals by ions from an adjacent solution. Also, BASE EXCHANGE, CATION EXCHANGE.

21486    ◆         Ion Exchange Treatment   ◆         A common water-softening method often found on a large scale at water purification plants that remove some organics and radium by adding calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide to increase the pH to a level where the metals will precipitate out.

21487    ◆         ion exchanger    ◆         the solid medium through which a liquid passes in the process of ion exchange, typically a material such as zeolite or a synthetic resin.

21488    ◆         ion exclusion      ◆         a system for the separation of ionic from nonionic solutions through the use of a synthetic resin, which absorbs the nonionized solute and passes the ionic solute.

21489    ◆         ion fractionation ◆         the separation of anions or cations from an ionic solution by a membrane permeable to the desired ion, using electrodialyzers and ion-fractionation stills.

21490    ◆         ion mean life      ◆         a term for the time it takes for an electron to escape from an atom or molecule and attach itself to another atom or molecule.

21491    ◆         ION PRODUCT    ◆         이온적

21492    ◆         ion pump          ◆         a pump that ionizes gas molecules with high-energy electrons in a high-intensity magnetic field and then deposits them onto a cathode or ejects them into an auxiliary pump or ion trap.

21493    ◆         ion retardation   ◆         a process based on bifunctional ion-exchange resins containing both anion and cation adsorption sites, which removes both kinds of ions from solutions.

21494    ◆         ion source         ◆         a device that ionizes gas molecules and then focuses, accelerates, and emits them as a narrow beam. Also, ION GUN, IONIZATION SOURCE.

21495    ◆         ion spot ◆         a section of a cathode-ray tube screen that has lost much of its luminescence because of negative ion bombardment.

21496    ◆         ion trap ◆         ㆍ a system that prevents an ion spot from forming on a cathode-ray tube screen, generally by using a magnetic field to divert the beam. Also, BEAM BENDER.a system that prevents an ion spot from forming on a cathode-ray tube screen, generally by using a magnetic field to divert the beam. Also, BEAM BENDER. ㆍ a type of metal electrode, generally consisting of titanium, to which ions from an ion pump are attracted.a type of metal electrode, generally consisting of titanium, to which ions from an ion pump are attracted.

21497    ◆         ion-beam scanning         ◆         the process by which the mass spectrum of an ion beam is analyzed, generally by altering the electric or magnetic fields or by moving a probe in a mass spectrometer.

21498    ◆         ion-exchange chromatography     ◆            a separation technique using a resin (stationary phase), which may be basic or acidic, to bind ionized solutes (mobile phase) reversibly.

21499    ◆         ion-exchange column      ◆         a column that fractionates mixtures of charged molecules and is packed with charged resins, cellulose, or other supporting compounds suitable for ion-exchange chromatography; used in laboratory or full-scale industrial processes.

21500    ◆         ion-exclusion chromatography      ◆            a technique in which the adsorbent material is saturated with the same ions as are in the sample.