환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 18401-18500

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 18401-18500

번호                  용어                  해설

18401    ◆         excavator           ◆         a power-driven machine designed to dig and remove soil, gravel, or other materials.

18402    ◆         Exceedance        ◆         Violation of the pollutant levels permitted by environmental protection standards.

18403    ◆         except gate        ◆         a logic device that allows a pulse to pass into the circuit only when it appears at a given set of terminals and is absent from other sets.

18404    ◆         EXCESS AIR COMBUSTION           ◆            과잉공기 연소; 양론적 산소요구량이상의 산소로 연소되는 상태

18405    ◆         excess coefficient            ◆         the ratio (A - R)/R, where A is the amount of air admitted during fuel combustion and R is the amount required.

18406    ◆         EXCESS SLUDGE  ◆         잉여슬러지, =waste sludge

18407    ◆         exchange adsorption       ◆         a type of ion exchange in which the surfaces of the adsorbent are completely saturated by two adsorbable components of the fluid phase.

18408    ◆         exchange capacity           ◆         a quantitative measure of the surface charge of a substance, as determined by the quantity of exchangeable ions in a given unit of the material.

18409    ◆         exchange diffusion          ◆         a process by which atoms of the same element in two different molecules exchange places.

18410    ◆         exchange velocity           ◆         in an ion-exchange process, the rate of replacement of one ion by another in the exchanger.

18411    ◆         excimer ◆         a substance formed by the joining of two atoms (or two molecules of the same chemical composition) in an excited state; an excited dimer.

18412    ◆         exciplex ◆         an electronically excited molecular charge complex, unstable in the ground state, that is formed from an excited acceptor molecule and a donor molecule (or vice versa).

18413    ◆         excitation curve  ◆         a graph of energy states of an atom based on the energy level of incident energetic particles, showing a series of discrete quantum states.

18414    ◆         Excitation Maximum (최대려기)     ◆            기기의 성능에 영향을 주거나 해치는 일없이 표가할 수 있다, 외부의 최대 전압또는 전류.  압력 트랜스듀서의 경우, 최대려기는 트랜스듀서의 성능에 영향을 주거나 해치는 일없이 표가할 수 있다, 최대의AC전압또는 DC전압또는 밀리 암페어 단위의 전류로서 통상 표현됩니다.

18415    ◆         excitation purity  ◆         a measure of chromaticity, expressed as the ratio of a specific color to that of a reference source on a chromaticity diagram.

18416    ◆         Excitation( 려기) ◆         검출 소자에 표가된다, 외부의 전압혹은 전류.  출력이 증폭되는 트랜스듀서에 있어서, 려발전압은 검출 소자를 려일으키게 하는 신호 조정 회로또는 증폭 회로에 공급되는 전원으로서 표가됩니다.  려기는, AC(교류)전압또는 DC(직류)전압으로서 통상 표현되고, 필요 전류는 밀리 암페어 단위에 상당 합니다.

18417    ◆         EXCITED STATE    ◆         들뜬상태 : 광자의 에너지는 분자로 옮아가서 높은 에너지상태로 되는데, 이러한 분자상태를 일컫음

18418    ◆         exciter   ◆         a device that furnishes a radio transmitter with carrier frequencies.

18419    ◆         excitron ◆         a device that converts AC current to DC, characterized by the use of mercury to initiate an arc between its electrodes.

18420    ◆         Exclusion           ◆         In the asbestos program, one of several situations that permit a Local Education Agency (LEA) to delete one or more of the items required by the Asbestos Hozard Emergency Response Act (AHERA); e.g., records of previous asbestos sample collection and analysis may be used by the accredited inspector in lieu of AHERA bulk sampling.

18421    ◆         Exclusionary Ordinance    ◆         Zoning that excludes classes of persons or businesses from a particular neighbor-hood or area.

18422    ◆         Exempt Solvent   ◆         Specific organic compounds not subject to requirements of regulation because they are deemed by EPA to be of negligible photochemical reactivity.

18423    ◆         Exempted Aquifer           ◆            Underground bodies of water defined in the Undergorund Injection Control program as aquifers that are potential sources of drinking water though not being used as such, and thus exempted from regulations barring underground injection activities.

18424    ◆         Exemption         ◆         A state (with primacy) may exempt a public water system from a requirement involving a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), treatment technique, or both, if the system cannot comply due to compelling economic or other factors, or because the system was in operation before the requirement or MCL was instituted; and the exemption will not create a public health risk. (See: variance.)

18425    ◆         EXERGONIC REACTION    ◆         에너지 생성반응

18426    ◆         ExEx      ◆         Expected Exceedance

18427    ◆         exhalation          ◆         a process by which radioactive gases, formed by the decay of radioactive salts, are released from the earth's surface.

18428    ◆         exhaust ◆         ㆍ a working fluid discharged from an engine cylinder or turbine after expansion.a working fluid discharged from an engine cylinder or turbine after expansion. ㆍ the parts of an engine or turbine through which exhaust escapes. Also, exhaust system.the parts of an engine or turbine through which exhaust escapes. Also, exhaust system. 3. a duct for the escape of gases, fumes, and odors from an enclosure, sometimes equipped with an arrangement of fans.a duct for the escape of gases, fumes, and odors from an enclosure, sometimes equipped with an arrangement of fans.

18429    ◆         exhaust gas        ◆         the gaseous products from an internal combustion engine or gas turbine.

18430    ◆         exhaust manifold            ◆         a branched pipe system that carries spent gases from the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine to an exhaust system. Also, HEADER.

18431    ◆         exhaust pipe      ◆         a duct through which engine exhaust is discharged.

18432    ◆         exhaust stroke    ◆         a piston stroke during which exhaust is ejected from the cylinder in a reciprocating engine. Also, SCAVENGING STROKE.

18433    ◆         exhaust suction stroke     ◆         the stroke of an engine that is characterized by simultaneous fuel exhaust and introduction of fresh fuel into the cylinder.

18434    ◆         exhaust valve      ◆         in an internal combustion engine, the cylinder valve that controls the discharge of spent gas.

18435    ◆         exhaust-deflecting ring    ◆         a rotating ring that is mounted in the nozzle of a jet and used to deflect the exhaust stream.

18436    ◆         exhaustion point ◆         the point at which an adsorbent in an ion-exchange process fails to facilitate ion exchange.

18437    ◆         exhaustion region           ◆         the layer in a semiconductor, located next to its metal contact, characterized by few charge carriers and almost complete ionization of atoms.

18438    ◆         EXOSPHERE        ◆         외기권

18439    ◆         exotherm           ◆         a temperature-time curve of the amount of heat produced in a chemical reaction.

18440    ◆         exothermic         ◆         relating to or describing any process in which a system releases heat to its surrounding environment. Thus, exothermic reaction, exothermic process. Also, exothermal.

18441    ◆         EXOTHERMIC REACTION  ◆         발열반응

18442    ◆         Exotic Species     ◆         A species that is not indigenous to a region.

18443    ◆         Expanded bed process     ◆         팽창상 공정; 수처리의 혐기성 부착성장 처리공정

18444    ◆         expanded scope  ◆         the portion of a cathode-ray tube in which the display is magnified.

18445    ◆         expanded sweep ◆         the act of accelerating the deflection of an electron beam in an oscilloscope at a selected portion of its sweep time.

18446    ◆         Expanded-bed carbon contactor   ◆            팽창상 활성탄 접촉조;

18447    ◆         expander           ◆         a transducer that increases the amplitude range of output voltages for a given amplitude range of input voltages.

18448    ◆         expanding brake ◆         a brake in which an internal shoe is expanded, usually by a cam or toggle mechanism, to press against the inner surface of the brake drum. Also, INTERNAL BRAKE.

18449    ◆         expandor           ◆         a telephone switching system that connects a number of inlets to a greater number of outlets.

18450    ◆         expansion          ◆         ㆍ an increase in volume of the working fluid in a cylinder.an increase in volume of the working fluid in a cylinder. ㆍ a piston stroke during which such expansion occurs.a piston stroke during which such expansion occurs.

18451    ◆         expansion cooling           ◆         the cooling of a substance through adiabatic expansion.

18452    ◆         expansion engine            ◆         a piston-cylinder device that cools compressed air by the sudden expansion of a working fluid; used in the production of pure gaseous oxygen and an impure gaseous nitrogen stream via the Claude cycle.

18453    ◆         expansion joint   ◆         ㆍ a joint between two parts of a structure or machine that expands with temperature rises without distorting laterally.a joint between two parts of a structure or machine that expands with temperature rises without distorting laterally. ㆍ a pipe coupling that is resistant to temperature changes and allows motion in the piping system without creating a hazard to associated equipment.a pipe coupling that is resistant to temperature changes and allows motion in the piping system without creating a hazard to associated equipment.

18454    ◆         expansion ratio   ◆         the ratio of cylinder volume with respect to the gas pressure of a rocket chamber or a jet pipe and that at the outlet of a propelling nozzle in a reciprocating piston engine.

18455    ◆         EXPANSION TYPE            ◆         팽창형 : 소음기의 종류

18456    ◆         expansion valve  ◆         an auxiliary valve on the main slide valve of a steam engine that is designed to provide a control for the point of cutoff.

18457    ◆         EXPERIMENT      ◆         실험, 시행

18458    ◆         Experimental  Use Permit ◆         A permit granted by EPA that allows a producer to conduct tests of a new pesticide, product and/or use outside the laboratory. The testing is usually done on ten or more acres of land or water surface.

18459    ◆         Experimental Use Permit  ◆            Obtained by manufaturers for testing new pesticides or uses thereof whenever they conduct experimental field studies to support registration on 10 acres or more of land or one acre or more of water.

18460    ◆         exploratory well  ◆         an oil well drilled to outline the extent of petroleum in an oil-bearing formation.

18461    ◆         explosimeter      ◆         an apparatus that detects and determines the concentration of flammable gases or vapors in the atmosphere. Also, GAS SNIFTER.

18462    ◆         explosion crater  ◆         a saucer-shaped depression formed by a volcanic explosion or by the high-velocity impact of a meteorite.

18463    ◆         explosion door   ◆         a door in a furnace designed to open at a designated excess pressure.

18464    ◆         explosive fracturing         ◆         the use of an explosive charge in the bottom of a well to crack and fracture the formation around the borehole, in order to increase the yield of gas or oil.

18465    ◆         EXPLOSIVE GAS METER    ◆         폭발성(가연성) 가스측정기

18466    ◆         Explosive Limits  ◆         The amounts of vapor in the air that form explosive mixtures; limits are expressed as lower and upper limits and give the range of vapor concentrations in air that will explode if an ignition source is present.

18467    ◆         explosive limits   ◆         the composition range of a flammable vapor, beyond which it will explode if ignited in a confined area.

18468    ◆         EXPLOSIVITY       ◆         폭발성; 유해폐기물의 특성

18469    ◆         exponential horn ◆         a horn having a circular cross section whose radius increases exponentially with increasing axial distance; such a horn has desirable acoustical characteristics.

18470    ◆         EXPORT SUBSIDY ◆         수출보조금 : 특정상품의 수출에 있어서 해외시장에서 해당상품의 경쟁력을 강화시키기 위한 목적으로 지급되는 보조금

18471    ◆         Exports  ◆         In solid waste program, municipal solid waste and recyclables transported outside the state or locality where they originated.

18472    ◆         Exposure           ◆         The amount of radiation or pollutant present in a given environment that represents a potential health threat to living organisms.

18473    ◆         Exposure Assessment      ◆            Identifying the pathways by which toxicants may reach individuals, estimating how much of a chemical an individual is likely to be exposed to, and estimating the number likely to be exposed.

18474    ◆         Exposure Concentration   ◆         The concentration of a chemical or other pollutant representing a health threat in a given environment.

18475    ◆         Exposure Indicator          ◆         A characteristic of the environment measured to provide evidence of the occurence or magnitude of a response indicator's exposure to a chemical or biological stress.

18476    ◆         Exposure Level    ◆         The amount (concentration) of a hemical at the absorptive surfaces of an organism.

18477    ◆         Exposure Pathway           ◆         The path from sources of pollutans via, soil, water, or food to man and other species or steeings.

18478    ◆         Exposure Route  ◆         The way a chemical or pollutant enters an organism after contact; i.e., by ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption.

18479    ◆         EXPOSURE TIME ◆         폭로시간

18480    ◆         Exposure-Response Relationship   ◆            The relationship between exposure level and the incidence of adverse effects.

18481    ◆         expression         ◆         the separation of liquid from a two-phase, solid-liquid system by compression, under conditions that permit liquid to escape; the solid is confined between two compressing surfaces. Also, MECHANICAL EXPRESSION.

18482    ◆         exsiccation         ◆         the process of depriving a crystalline substance of its water of crystallization.

18483    ◆         EX-SITU CONSERVATION  ◆         현지외 보전 : 생물다양성의 구성요소를 천연 서식지외에서 보전하는 것

18484    ◆         EX-SITU TREATMENT       ◆         굴착처리법 (현장외처리법) : 오염토양을 굴착하여 처리하는 토양복원기술

18485    ◆         EXTENDED AERATION      ◆         장시간 폭기

18486    ◆         Extended aeration process           ◆            장기포기공정; 활성슬러지공정의 변법으로 미생물의 내생호흡단계로 운전하는 특성을 가지면 긴 포기시간이 필요

18487    ◆         extended-interaction tube ◆         in a microwave system, a device in which the electron stream interacts with a traveling electric field.

18488    ◆         extender            ◆         an inert substance that is added as a diluent to adjust the physical condition of a mixture, or as a filler to increase bulk weight and reduce cost per unit volume.

18489    ◆         extension           ◆         the movement by which the two elements of any jointed apparatus are drawn away from each other.

18490    ◆         extensive farming           ◆         a method of farming that uses only a relatively small amount of labor or resources per unit of land.

18491    ◆         extensive property          ◆         a property of a system, such as its mass or total volume, that is a function of its extent or size; i.e., that changes with the quantity of material present in the system. Also, extensive quality, extensive variable.

18492    ◆         exterior ballistics ◆         the branch of ballistics dealing with the behavior of a projectile after leaving the gun barrel, or the behavior of a rocket or its propellant after exiting the thrust cone.

18493    ◆         external brake    ◆         a brake that operates by contacting the outside of a brake drum.

18494    ◆         external circuit    ◆         a collective term for all the connecting wires, devices, and current sources connected to an electrochemical cell.

18495    ◆         external flow      ◆         an unconfined flow in which there is relative motion between an object and a large mass of fluid.

18496    ◆         external force     ◆         any force exerted on a system by some agency or body outside the system; e.g., the force of gravitation of one solid body acting upon another solid body.

18497    ◆         external grinding ◆         the grinding of the exterior surface of a workpiece as it is rotated.

18498    ◆         external Q          ◆         in a microwave tube, the reciprocal of the difference between the reciprocal of the loaded Q and the reciprocal of the unloaded Q.

18499    ◆         external stress    ◆         stress that is applied to a body surface from outside, as opposed to stress that exists when no external forces are being applied.

18500    ◆         external-combustion engine         ◆            any engine, such as a steam engine, in which fuel ignition takes place outside the place where thermal energy is converted to mechanical force. Also, HEAT ENGINE.