환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 15201-15300

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 15201-15300

번호                  용어                  해설

15201    ◆         claw clutch        ◆         a clutch consisting of two working parts that interlock when pushed together.

15202    ◆         claw coupling     ◆         a shaft coupling for instant connection or disconnection in which flanges carried by each shaft engage through teeth in corresponding recesses in their opposing faces.

15203    ◆         clay digger         ◆         a hand-held power-driven spade used for digging clay, hard soil, or soft rock.

15204    ◆         CLAY LENS         ◆         투수성이 주변토양에 비해 작은 지질상태

15205    ◆         clay refining       ◆         a process in which a vaporized gasoline or light petroleum product flows through a bed of granular clay, where various olefins are polymerized to gums and absorbed into the clay.

15206    ◆         clay regeneration            ◆         a method for rejuvenating coarse-grained absorbent clays for reuse, by removing oil from the clay with naphtha, steaming out the excess naphtha, and then removing carbonaceous material by roasting in a stream of air.

15207    ◆         CLAY SOIL          ◆         점토

15208    ◆         Clay Soil            ◆         Soil material containing more than 40 percent clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt.

15209    ◆         CLC       ◆         Capacity Limiting Constituents

15210    ◆         clean　 pipe     (크린 파이프)     ◆            순수한 물,초순수한 물의 배관에 사용되는 염화비닐 파이프. 일반의 염화비닐 파이프와 비교해 ① Pb,Zn등의 금속용출이 적다. ② TOC용출이 적다. ③ 파이프 내면의 평활  번이나높게 생균에 의한 바이오 필름 형성이 일어나기 어렵다. 라는 장점을 가지고 있다.

15211    ◆         CLEAN AIR ACT  ◆         공기청정법

15212    ◆         Clean Coal Technology     ◆         Any technology not in widespread use prior to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. This Act will achieve significant reductions in pollutants associated with the burning of coal.

15213    ◆         Clean Fuels        ◆         Blends or substitutes for gasoline fuels, including compressed natural gas, methanol, ethanol, and liquified petroleum gas.

15214    ◆         clean sound       ◆         a term for the type of sound reproduction provided by a high-quality amplifier, in which there is minimal distortion of the original sound.

15215    ◆         CLEAN TECHNOLOGY      ◆         청정기술; 저오염 및 저공해 공정기술로 통칭되며, 사후처리기술의 상대적 개념으로 사용됨

15216    ◆         clean track         ◆         a recorded sound track that, when played back, does not pick up signals from adjacent tracks.

15217    ◆         cleaner production methods         ◆            보다 청정한  생산방식

15218    ◆         Cleaner Technologics Substitutes Assessment        ◆         A document that systematically evaluates the relative risk, performance, and cost tradeoffs of technological alternatives; serves as a repository for all the technical data(including methodology and results) developed by a DIE or other pollution prevention or education project.

15219    ◆         CLEANING TIME  ◆         탈진시간

15220    ◆         CLEANS ◆         Clinical Laboratory for Evaluation and Assessment of Toxic Substances

15221    ◆         cleanup ◆         a process that removes residual and absorbed gases from a vacuum tube.

15222    ◆         Cleanup ◆         Actions taken to deal with a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance that could affect humans and/or the environment. The term cleanupis sometimes used interchangeably with the terms remedial action, removal action, response action, or corrective action.

15223    ◆         Clear Cut           ◆         Harvesting all the trees in one area at one time, a practice that can encourage fast rainfall or snowmelt runoff, erosion, sedimentation of streams and lakes, and flooding, and destroys vital habitat.

15224    ◆         CLEAR WATER    ◆         정수; 정화된 물

15225    ◆         CLEAR WELL       ◆         정수지

15226    ◆         Clear Well          ◆         A reservoir for storing filtered water of sufficient quantity to prevent the need to vary the filtration rate with variations in demand. Also used to provide chlorine contact time for disinfection.

15227    ◆         clearance           ◆         ㆍ the distance between two objects or between two mating parts when assembled together.the distance between two objects or between two mating parts when assembled together. ㆍ the distance between a moving and a stationary part of a machine or between two moving parts.the distance between a moving and a stationary part of a machine or between two moving parts.

15228    ◆         clearance angle  ◆         the angle between the back face or lower part of a cutting tool and the surface of the material being cut.

15229    ◆         clearance volume            ◆         the volume enclosed by the piston and adjacent end of a reciprocating engine or compressor cylinder when the crank is at inner dead-center.

15230    ◆         CLEARING HOUSE SYSTEM           ◆            생물다양성협약상 클리어링 하우스 체계 : 협약 당사국간 생물다양성의 보전 및 지속가능한 이용과 관련된 과학기술의 협력을 증진키 위한 일종의 정보교환체계를 의미함

15231    ◆         cleavage ◆         the property, possessed by many crystals, of splitting readily in one or more definite directions to give smooth surfaces, always parallel to actual or possible crystal faces.  Geology.  ㆍ the tendency or property of a mineral to break or split along its crystallographic planes, which are parallel to actual or possible crystal faces.the tendency or property of a mineral to break or split along its crystallographic planes, which are parallel to actual or possible crystal faces. ㆍ the tendency or property of a rock to break into thin, parallel sheets along smooth planes.the tendency or property of a rock to break into thin, parallel sheets along smooth planes.  Biochemistry. the splitting up of a complex molecule, such as a protein, into simpler molecules by hydrolysis and with the mediation of an enzyme.  Developmental Biology. a series of cell divisions of an ovum immediately after fertilization; the size of the embryo remains uniform as the blastomeres become smaller with each division.

15232    ◆         CLEVER  ◆         Clinical Laboratory for Evaluation and Validation of Epidemiologic Research

15233    ◆         CLF       ◆         Conservation Law Foundation

15234    ◆         CLI        ◆         Consumer Labelling Initiative

15235    ◆         click      ◆         the sound heard on the playback of a recorded tape that has a kink or perforation in it.  Telecommunications.  ㆍ a transient pulse on a transmission channel due to the momentary opening or closing of relay contacts or toy brief intermittent corruption of voice signal information.a transient pulse on a transmission channel due to the momentary opening or closing of relay contacts or toy brief intermittent corruption of voice signal information. ㆍ a description of audible sounds in a voice signal due to bit errors in a PCM encoded signal.a description of audible sounds in a voice signal due to bit errors in a PCM encoded signal.  Horology. a spring-loaded pawl that, in combination with the clickwheel, prevents the mainspring from unwinding except to power the going train.  Computer Technology. to press on a mouse input device in order to provide an instruction to the computer.

15236    ◆         click filter          ◆         a capacitor and resistor connected across the contacts of a switch or relay in order to prevent current from surging into an adjacent circuit.

15237    ◆         Cliform Organism           ◆            Microorganisms found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Their presence in water indicates fecal pollution and potentially adverse contamination by pathogens.

15238    ◆         CLIM     ◆         Climate Change Database (accessible through OLS)

15239    ◆         Climate Change(also referred to as 'global climate change')  ◆         The term 'climate change' is sometimes used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but because the Earth's climate is never static, the term is more properly used to imply a significant change from one climatic condition to another. In some cases, 'climate change'has been used synonymously with the term,'global warming'; scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider scense to also include natural changes in climate.(See:global warming)

15240    ◆         climate control   ◆         AIR CONDITIONING.

15241    ◆         CLIMATIC CONSTRAINTS  ◆         기후 제약; 단위 조작 및 공정의 선정과 평가시에 고려되어야 할 인자

15242    ◆         climbing crane   ◆         a crane designed for use on top of a multistory building, ascending with each added floor as construction progresses.

15243    ◆         clingage ◆         oil that adheres to the wall of a measuring tank after the tank is drained.

15244    ◆         clinoaxis ◆         a diagonal or lateral axis of a monoclinic crystal, which forms an oblique angle with the vertical axis. Also, clinodiagonal.

15245    ◆         clinohedral class ◆         a class of crystals characterized by a single plane of symmetry parallel to the clinopinacoid and 110 axes.

15246    ◆         clinopinacoid      ◆         a monoclinic crystal whose crystallographic faces are parallel to the c axis and the inclined axis.

15247    ◆         clipper diode      ◆         a diode that clips signal voltage of either polarity that surpasses a predetermined amplitude.

15248    ◆         clipper-limiter     ◆         a transducer that generates an output signal whose amplitude range conforms with the input signal voltage between two predetermined points. Also, SLICER.

15249    ◆         clipping ◆         ㆍ the loss of initial or final parts of words or syllables when voice-operated devices malfunction.the loss of initial or final parts of words or syllables when voice-operated devices malfunction. ㆍ a flattening of the peaks of a waveform by an amplifier driven past its power capacity.a flattening of the peaks of a waveform by an amplifier driven past its power capacity.  Telecommunications.  ㆍ the amplitude restriction of a signal to a maximum level.the amplitude restriction of a signal to a maximum level. ㆍ a distortion of signals caused by exceeding the maximum allowable amplitude of imput signal to an amplifier.a distortion of signals caused by exceeding the maximum allowable amplitude of imput signal to an amplifier.

15250    ◆         clipping level      ◆         the amplitude level of the output signal in a clipper-limiter.

15251    ◆         CLIPS    ◆         Chemical List Index and Processing System

15252    ◆         clock     ◆         ㆍ a generator used to synchronize the timing in switching circuits and the speed of the central processing unit in a computer.a generator used to synchronize the timing in switching circuits and the speed of the central processing unit in a computer. ㆍ a device that controls timing in a system, generally by generating a steady stream of pulses at a tightly controlled constant rate.a device that controls timing in a system, generally by generating a steady stream of pulses at a tightly controlled constant rate.

15253    ◆         clock frequency  ◆         the master frequency that controls the periodic pulses used to schedule the operation of a digital computer.

15254    ◆         clock oscillator   ◆         a circuit that regulates an electronic clock.

15255    ◆         clocked flip-flop  ◆         a flip-flop circuit triggered only if trigger and clock pulses are present at the same time.

15256    ◆         clocked logic      ◆         a technique in which all the flip-flops of a logic network change in accordance with logic input levels at a discrete time.

15257    ◆         clone     ◆         to propagate or produce a clone by transporting nuclei from body cells to enucleated eggs.

15258    ◆         Cloning ◆         In biotechnology, obtaining a group of genetically identical cells from a single cell; making identical copies of a gene.

15259    ◆         CLOSE TALK       ◆         실간 누화 : 공통 닥트로 2실간이 묶여 있을때, 일실의 소음이 다른실에 닥트를 통해 전하는 현상

15260    ◆         close-coupled pump        ◆         a pump containing an electric motor, with the drive and the pump mechanisms coupled on the same shaft.

15261    ◆         CLOSED CONDUITS         ◆         암거; 덮개가 쓰여진 관거, 닫힌 도관

15262    ◆         closed nozzle     ◆         a fuel nozzle that contains a shutoff valve between the fuel supply and the combustion chamber.

15263    ◆         closed pair         ◆         two bodies whose relative motions are completely constrained from each other.

15264    ◆         CLOSED SYSTEM ◆         폐쇄시스템

15265    ◆         closed-cycle fuel cell       ◆         a fuel cell composed of reactants that are recycled by an auxiliary process, such as electrolysis.

15266    ◆         closed-cycle turbine        ◆         a gas-driven engine that captures and recycles its heat energy.

15267    ◆         Closed-Loop Recycling     ◆            Reclaiming or reusing wastewater for non-potable purposes in an enclosed process.

15268    ◆         closed-loop voltage gain  ◆         the voltage gain of an amplifier with feedback, given as the ratio of the output alternating current voltage to the input alternating current voltage.

15269    ◆         closing line        ◆         a vector used to complete a vector polygon so that the resultant, i.e., the vector sum, is zero.

15270    ◆         closing pressure ◆         the amount of pressure on a safety valve when at rest.

15271    ◆         Closure  ◆         The procedure a landfill operator must follow when a landfill reaches its legal capacity for solid ceasing acceptance of solid waste and placing a cap on the landfill site.

15272    ◆         cloud    ◆         a term used for the collection of orbital electrons, moving in the total electric field attributable to the nucleus of an atom, that make up the spherically symmetric charge cloud of the central-field approximation.

15273    ◆         cloud absorption ◆         the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the water vapor and droplets in clouds.

15274    ◆         cloud discharge  ◆         the release of lightning from an area of charge (usually negative) to an area of opposite charge within a cloud.

15275    ◆         cloud point        ◆         specifically, the temperature at which wax or other solids begin to crystallize and separate from a solution of petroleum oil that is being cooled.

15276    ◆         cloud pulse        ◆         the energy produced when the electron beam in a charge-storage tube is switched on and off.

15277    ◆         cloud test          ◆         an ASTM (American Society for Testing and Minerals) procedure to define the point at which solids begin to form in petroleum oil.

15278    ◆         cloud-to-cloud discharge ◆         the release of lightning from an area of charge in one cloud to an area of opposite charge in another.

15279    ◆         cloud-to-ground discharge           ◆            the release of lightning from an area of charge in a cloud to an area of opposite charge on the ground.

15280    ◆         cloudy crystal-ball model ◆         an analogy used to explain the scattering of nucleons by nuclei, in which the nucleus is presented as a sphere that partially refracts and partially absorbs the incident nucleon wave. Also, OPTICAL MODEL.

15281    ◆         CLP       ◆         Contract Laboratory Program

15282    ◆         CLT 시험법         ◆         칼럼용출실험(column leaching test)은 일반적으로 입자상 물질을 사용하여 실험한다. 실험 물질은 원통형 칼럼에 충진되고 용출액이 주입되는데, 주로 바닥으로부터 주입된다. 이는 용출액이 상부로부터 유입될 경우 수로가 형성(flow channeling)될 수 있기 때문이다. 이 실험법은 주로 분산 미립자매체에 대한 오염물질의 용출실험을 위해서 이용되는 동적 실험법으로서 침출수 오염농도가 특정 시간간격으로 관찰, 기록된다.

15283    ◆         cluster radioactivity         ◆         the emission by a nucleus of a fragment that is heavier than an alpha particle but lighter than a fission fragment, such as carbon-14.

15284    ◆         clutch    ◆         any device for engagement or disengagement of power; may be friction, electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic.

15285    ◆         clutter gating     ◆         a technique that provides switching between moving-target indicators and normal video, allowing normal video to be displayed in areas with no clutter, and moving-target indicator video to be switched in only for the clutter areas.

15286    ◆         CM       ◆         Corrective Measure

15287    ◆         CMA     ◆         Chemical Manufacturers Association

15288    ◆         CMB     ◆         Chemical Mass Balance

15289    ◆         CMC     ◆         독성물질로 인한 급성효과를 판단할 수 있는 기준, Criterion maximum concentration

15290    ◆         CME      ◆         Comprehensive Monitoring Evaluation

15291    ◆         CMEL    ◆         Comprehensive Monitoring Evaluation Log

15292    ◆         CMEP    ◆         Critical Mass Energy Project

15293    ◆         CMIT (메칠클로로이소치아졸리논)/ MIT (메칠이소티아졸리논)           ◆         메칠클로로이소치아졸리논(CMIT)과 메칠이소티아졸리논(MIT)의 혼합물이다. 가습기살균제, 치약, 구강청결제, 화장품, 샴푸 등 각종 생활화학제품에 사용된다. 물에 쉽게 녹고 휘발성이 높으며 자극성과 부식성이 커 일정 농도 이상 노출 시 피부, 호흡기, 눈에 강한 자극을 준다. 우리나라에서는 가습기살균제 사건 발생 후인 2012년 환경부가 유독물질로 지정하였다.

15294    ◆         CMOS device     ◆         an integrated circuit that uses both PMOS and NMOS devices on the same substrate, resulting in extremely low power dissipation.

15295    ◆         CMS      ◆         이동성 동물종에 관한 협약  convention on national parks and protected areas of IUCN

15296    ◆         CNEL     ◆         사회소음등가레벨  Community noise equivalent level

15297    ◆         CNG      ◆         Compresed Natural Gas

15298    ◆         CNR      ◆         복합소음평가  Composite noise rating

15299    ◆         CO2 환산량(Carbon dioxide equivalent, CO2eq)  ◆         기후변화에 대한 정부간 협의체(IPCC)에서 1995년 발표한 제2차 평가보고서의 지구온난화지수에 따라, 주요 직접온실가스 배출량을 CO2로 환산한 단위

15300    ◆         CO₂의 에너지 흡수         ◆         이산화탄소의 분자는 하나의 탄소와 두 개의 산소로 이루어진 단순한 역학적 구조를 가지고 있다. 이때 분자들은 스프링력으로 모델화 할 수 있는  전기력에 의해 유지된다. 여기에 약간의 충격을 가하면 원자들은 스프링 끝에 매달린 물질과 유사하게 진동하게 되며 이 주기는 스프링력과 원자들의 질량에 따라 다른 특성을 지닌다.          이 진동시스템에 같은 주기를 갖는 에너지를 주게되면 시스템은 쉽게 에너지를 흡수한다. 이것을 공진(resonance)이라 하며 놀이터에서 어린이가 그네를 높게 올릴 때  사용하는 원리와 같은 것이다. 이산화탄소 분자의 주파수 흡수는 전자기 스펙트럼의 적외선 부분의 주파수에 상당하기 때문에 이산화 탄소가스에 적절한 파장을 갖는 적외선을 비추면 에너지를 쉽게 흡수한다.