환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12301-12400

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 12301-12400

번호                  용어                  해설

12301    ◆         activated-sludge process  ◆         a process used in sewage treatment that increases the level of biological activity by increasing the contact between the waste water and the actively growing microorganisms.

12302    ◆         Activatied Sludge            ◆         Product that results when primary effluent is mixed with bacteria-Iaden sluge and then agitated and aerated to promote biological treatment,speeding the breakdown of organic matter in raw sewage undergoing secondary waste treatment.

12303    ◆         activation energy ◆         the least amount of energy that must be supplied to a system, over that of the ground state, in order to initiate a particular chemical reaction.

12304    ◆         Activator            ◆         A chemical added to a pesticide to increase its activity.

12305    ◆         active    ◆         being a source of electrical energy.  Space Technology. capable of transmitting a signal.  Volcanology. relating to or being an active volcano.  Computer Programming. currently in use or available for current use, as a file or program.

12306    ◆         active biomass    ◆         the total weight or mass of living matter in a population of cells.

12307    ◆         active component           ◆         an in-phase quantity (without reactance) in an AC circuit.  : a component that can produce more power in the output signal than is present in the input signal. Also, ACTIVE DEVICE, ACTIVE ELEMENT.

12308    ◆         ACTIVE CONTROL OF LANDFILL GAS            ◆         매립가스의 적극적 제어방법; 매립가스 처리에 있어서 가스추출정등을 사용하여 제어하는 방법

12309    ◆         active current     ◆         the current component that is in phase with the voltage in an alternating current; it equals the average power divided by the effective voltage

12310    ◆         active electric network     ◆         a network with at least one active component.

12311    ◆         Active Ingredient ◆         In any pesticide product, the component that kills, or otherwise controls, target pests. Pesticides are regulated primarily on the basis of active ingredients.

12312    ◆         ACTIVE PULSED AIR CLASSIFIER    ◆            능동적 펄스 풍력 선별기; 폐기물 선별과정에 사용되는 장비

12313    ◆         active sludge      ◆         a sludge with abundant biodegrading bacteria, used to speed up the breakdown of raw sewage.

12314    ◆         active sonar       ◆         a sound navigation and ranging system that uses the time difference between a transmitted sound and the reception of its return echoes to determine ranges and bearings.

12315    ◆         active volcano    ◆         a volcano that is either erupting or is capable of erupting and expected to do so.

12316    ◆         active voltage     ◆         the component of voltage that is in phase with the current in an alternating-current circuit.

12317    ◆         activity  ◆         the rate at which atoms disintegrate in a radioactive material per unit time; the common unit for measuring activity is the curie, defined to be 3.70 × 1010 disintegrations per second.

12318    ◆         activity coefficient           ◆         a fractional number that when multiplied by the actual concentration of a substance in solution yields the chemical activity; it is a measure of the deviation from the the ideal state

12319    ◆         Activity Plans      ◆         Written procedures in a school's aebestos-management plan that detail the steps a Local Education Agency(LEA) will follow in performing the initial and additional cleaning, operation and maintenance-program task ; periodic surveillance ; and reinspection required by the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA).

12320    ◆         activity series      ◆         an arrangement of the metals of the periodic table in the specific order of their tendency to react with water and acids. They are ordered so that each metal displaces from solution those below it in the series, and is displaced by those above it. Thus, K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Pt Au. Also, DISPLACEMENT SERIES, ELECTROMOTIVE SERIES.

12321    ◆         actophilous        ◆         living or thriving in a rocky seashore environment. Thus, actophile, actophily.

12322    ◆         ACTS     ◆         Asbestos Contractor Tracking System

12323    ◆         actual cubic feet per minute         ◆            a measure of the volume of gas flow at operating pressure and temperature, as opposed to the volume of gas flow under standard conditions of pressure and temperature.

12324    ◆         actual mechanical advantage        ◆            the ratio of output force to input force; i.e., the amount of force that must be supplied to a machine in order for it to do a given amount of work. For example, if a lever requires 10 pounds of force to raise a 40-pound load, it has an actual mechanical advantage of 4.

12325    ◆         actuate  ◆         to put a device or mechanism into motion.

12326    ◆         actuator ◆         a device that provides an external source of energy for an acoustic transducer, such as the voice for a sound-powered phone system.  Robotics. a device that controls a robot's movement or articulation.  any device that is moved a predetermined distance to operate or control another mechanical device.

12327    ◆         Acute (급성)       ◆         생명체의 생활 주기 중 짧은 노출(Exposure) 기간. 일반적으로 어류의 경우는 96시간, 미생물의 경우는 몇 분에 해당되는 시간을 말한다.

12328    ◆         Acute Effect       ◆         An adverse effect on any living organism which results in severe symptoms that develop rapidly; symptoms often subside after the exposure stops.

12329    ◆         Acute Exposure   ◆         A single expoure to a toxic substance which may result in severe biological harm or death. Acute exposured to longer, continuing exposure over a period of time.

12330    ◆         ACUTE TO CHRONIC RATIOS        ◆            급성대 만성비; ACR, ACR= L50/NOEC

12331    ◆         ACUTE TOXICITY ◆         급성독성; 인체에 짧은시간동안에 유해하게 작용하는 독성

12332    ◆         Acute Toxicity     ◆         The ability of a substance to cause severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Also, any poisonous effect resulting from a single short-term exposure to a toxic substance.(See : chronic toxicity,  toxicity.)

12333    ◆         ACVEN  ◆         Advisory Committee on Vehicle Emissions and Noise

12334    ◆         ACWA   ◆         American Clean Water Association

12335    ◆         ACWM  ◆         Asbestos-Containing Waste Material

12336    ◆         ADABA  ◆         Acceptable Data Base

12337    ◆         ADALCO ◆         아프리카 사막건조지역 위원회  African deserts and arid lands committee

12338    ◆         adalert  ◆         an advance alert of abnormal solar activity given by a regional or national warning center.

12339    ◆         Adam's catalyst   ◆         a platinum oxide produced by a fusion of hexachloroplatinic(IV) acid and sodium nitrate.

12340    ◆         adaptability        ◆         the capacity of an organism to adjust physiologically or behaviorially to changes in its environment.

12341    ◆         ADAPTATION      ◆         순응; 미생물이 환경에 적응하여 활성을 가지는 현상

12342    ◆         Adaptation         ◆         Change in an organism's physioligical structure or function or habits that allow it to survive in new surroundings.

12343    ◆         adapter transformer        ◆         a step-down transformer that provides low voltage usually to small electric equipment; often encased in plastic and designed to plug directly into a wall outlet.

12344    ◆         ADB      ◆         Applications Data Base

12345    ◆         addendum         ◆         on a gear, the radial distance between the pitch line and the addendum circle.

12346    ◆         addendum circle ◆         an imaginary circle positioned on a gear so as to pass through the top portion of the teeth; the outer circumference of a gear wheel.

12347    ◆         adder    ◆         ㆍ any circuit in which two or more input signals are combined to give one output signal that is the sum of those signals.any circuit in which two or more input signals are combined to give one output signal that is the sum of those signals. ㆍ in a color TV receiver, a circuit that boosts the signal of the receiver's primary matrix.in a color TV receiver, a circuit that boosts the signal of the receiver's primary matrix.  Computer Technology. a circuit in an arithmetic unit that can form the algebraic or arithmetic sum of two binary numbers held in two registers, the result of which is stored temporarily in the accumulator register. Also, adder circuit.

12348    ◆         Addiction of chlorine to stabilize and disinfect sludge  ◆         슬러지의 살균 및 안정화를 위한 염소처리; 슬러지 살균처리 방법

12349    ◆         addition agent    ◆         a substance added to a plating solution to improve the characteristics of the deposit formed.

12350    ◆         ADDITION OF GASES       ◆         기체의 주입;

12351    ◆         addition solid solution     ◆         a crystal with a random penetration of impurities into its interstices.

12352    ◆         additive ◆         any of various chemical compounds added to gasoline to improve engine performance; e.g., antiknock or antirust compounds.

12353    ◆         Add-on Control Device    ◆         An air pollution control device such as carbonabsorber or incinerator that reduces the pollution in an exhaust gas. The control device usually does not affect the process being controlled and thus is add-on technologe, as opposed to a scheme to control  pollution through altering the basic process itself.

12354    ◆         adduct   ◆         a product of a process of chemical addition; a compound produced by the combination of two or more substances.  Physiology. to draw inward; move toward the axis of the body or the axial line of a limb.

12355    ◆         Adequately Wet  ◆         Asbestos containing material that is suffciently mixed or penetrated with liquid to prevent the release of particulates.

12356    ◆         adhesion           ◆         the static attractive force at the contacting surface between two bodies of different substances in contact with each other.

12357    ◆         ADHESION WITHIN FILTER           ◆            부착; 입상여재 여과지내에서 부유물질제거에 기여하는 메카니즘으로 응집성 입자들은 여재를 지나칠 때 여재 표면에 붙게 됨

12358    ◆         ADI       ◆         일일허용한계  Acceptable daily intakes, 유해성평가를 위한 위험도 추정지표

12359    ◆         ADI       ◆         Acceptable Daily Intake

12360    ◆         adiabatic calorimeter       ◆         a calorimeter that is heavily insulated to minimize heat loss or gain, so as to provide more accurate measurement of the thermal effect of the reaction.

12361    ◆         ADIABATIC COMPRESSION           ◆            단열압축

12362    ◆         adiabatic efficiency          ◆         the ratio of the work done by a heat-driven machine to the total amount of heat made available to the machine.

12363    ◆         adiabatic engine ◆         an idealized system in which an engine operates without any heat being added or taken away during the operating cycle.

12364    ◆         ADIABATIC PROCESS       ◆         단열과정; 공기덩어리에 열을 공급하거나 빼앗지 않으면서 다른 물리량을 변화시킬때 일어나는 변화과정

12365    ◆         adjective dye      ◆         a term for any dye for textile fibers that requires a mordant.

12366    ◆         adjustable resistor           ◆         a resistor with a mechanically changeable resistance.

12367    ◆         adjustment     (조정)     ◆         계측 기기의 값을보다 진정한 값에 근거, 계측 계기를 보정시키는 것 및 그 작업

12368    ◆         Administered Dose          ◆         In exposure assessment, the amount of a substance given to a test subject (human or animal)to determine dose-reponse relationships. Since exposure to chemicals is usually inadvertent, this quantity is often called potential dose.

12369    ◆         Administrative Order       ◆         A legal document signed by EPA directing an individual, business, or other entity to take corrective action or refrain from an activity. It describes the violations and actions to be taken, and can be enforced in court. Such orders may be issued, for example, as a result of an administrative complaint whereby the respondent is ordered to pay a penalty for violations of a statute.

12370    ◆         Administrative Order On Consent  ◆           A legal agreement signed by EPA and an individual, business, or other entity through which the violator agrees to pay for correction of violations, take the required corrective or cleanup actions, or refrain from an activity. It describes the actions to be taken, may be subject to a comment period, applies to civil actions, and can be enforced in court.

12371    ◆         Administrative Procedures Act      ◆            A law that spells out procedures and requirements related to the promulgation of regulations.

12372    ◆         Administrative Record      ◆         All documents which EPA considered or relied on in selecting the reponse actionat a Superfund site, culminating in the record of decision for remedial action or, an action memorandum for removal actions.

12373    ◆         admittance matrix           ◆         a matrix Y with elements that are the mutual admittances between the various meshes of an electrical network, satisfying the matrix equation I = YV.

12374    ◆         ADMTM ◆         미생물학적 이동 모델; Advective-dispersive microbial transport models

12375    ◆         ADP      ◆         AHERA Designated Person; Automated Data Processing

12376    ◆         ADQ     ◆         Audits of Data Quality

12377    ◆         ADR      ◆         Alternate Dispute Resolution

12378    ◆         adret     ◆         a term for the more sunny side of a mountain or slope.(From a French word meaning suitable or correct, with the idea that this is the better side for growing.)

12379    ◆         ADSORBATE       ◆         피흡착물질; 흡착될 물질

12380    ◆         ADSORPTION     ◆         흡착; 두개의 상에 존재하는 경제면에서 물질이 집적되는 현상

12381    ◆         Adsorption         ◆         Removal of a pollutant from air or water by collecting the pollutant on tne surface of a solid material ; e.g., an advanced method of treating waste in which activated carbon removes organic matter from waste-water.

12382    ◆         adsorption chromatography         ◆            a separation technique in which the components a liquid or a gas (mobile phase) are adsorbed to different extents on the surface of an adsorbent (stationary phase).

12383    ◆         adsorption indicator        ◆         an indicator, such as fluorescein, that shows a color change at the endpoint in a titration.

12384    ◆         adsorption isobar            ◆         a line that shows adsorption variations within a given parameter, such as temperature, while pressure remains constant.

12385    ◆         adsorption isotherm        ◆         the relationship between solute concentration in the solid phase and the solute partial pressure or concentration in the fluid phase, while temperature conditions remain constant.

12386    ◆         ADSORPTION SPECTROMETRY      ◆            흡광광도법

12387    ◆         adsorption system           ◆         a process that is used to purify a substance, by using the physical or chemical bonding that takes place on the surface of a solid or liquid to selectively absorb impurities from it .

12388    ◆         ADSS    ◆         Air Data Screening System

12389    ◆         ADT      ◆         Average Daily Traffic

12390    ◆         adtidal   ◆         relating to an organism living immediately below low tide level.

12391    ◆         Adulterants        ◆         Chemical impurities or substances that by law do not belong in a food, or pesticide.

12392    ◆         Adulterated        ◆         1. Any pesticide whose strength or purity falls below the quality stated on its label. 2. A food, feed, or product that contains illegal pesticide residues.

12393    ◆         ADVANCED INFORMED AGREEMENT            ◆         사전통보동의제 : 변형생물체의 국가간 이전시에 적용되록 한 제도로서 도입국의 사전승인 없는 도입을 방지하고 이전시에는 관련된 정보를 제공하는 제도

12394    ◆         Advanced Treatment        ◆         A level of wastewater treatment more strtngent than secondary treatment; requires an 85-percent reduction in conventional pollutant concentration or a significant reduction in nonconventional pollutants. Sometimes call tertiary treatment.

12395    ◆         ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT            ◆         고도처리

12396    ◆         Advanced Wastewater Treatment   ◆            Any treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or bioligical water treatment stage and includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended solids.(See primary, secondary treatment.)

12397    ◆         ADVECTION       ◆         이류 : 대기의 운동에 의해서 기단의 성질이 변이해 가는 과정

12398    ◆         ADVECTIVE-DISPERSIVE MICROBIAL TRANSPORT MODELS      ◆         미생물학적 이동 모델; ADMTM

12399    ◆         adventive cone   ◆         a volcanic cone on the flank of, and subsidiary to, a larger cone

12400    ◆         adventive crater  ◆         a crater on the flank of a large volcanic cone.

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