환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 28001-28100

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 28001-28100

번호                  용어                  해설

28001    ◆         solution pressure            ◆         ㆍ a measure of the tendency for atoms or molecules to cross a phase boundary and enter a solution.a measure of the tendency for atoms or molecules to cross a phase boundary and enter a solution. ㆍ a measure of the tendency of hydrogen, metals, and certain nonmetals to enter a solution as ions.a measure of the tendency of hydrogen, metals, and certain nonmetals to enter a solution as ions.

28002    ◆         solution process ◆         a petroleum refinery process that involves the washing of gasoline with caustic solution to remove mercaptans.

28003    ◆         solution-gas drive           ◆         a primary method of oil recovery in which the reservoir gas originally dissolved in the oil is expanded, thereby displacing the oil and forcing it into the wellbores. Also, DISSOLVED-GAS DRIVE, GAS DEPLETION DRIVE, INTERNAL GAS DRIVE.

28004    ◆         solution-gas reservoir      ◆         an oil reservoir whose production is driven principally by the expansion of the natural gas dissolved in the oil; the original pressure of such a reservoir is equal to or greater than the bubble-point pressure of the gas-oil mixture.

28005    ◆         solutizer-air regenerative process  ◆            a petroleum-refinery sweetening process that dissolves mercaptans from light distillates by dissolving them with a solubility promoter, such as isobutyric acid, along with caustic soda, then regenerates the solution with blowing air.

28006    ◆         solutizer-tannin process   ◆         an early form of the solutizer-air regenerative process that regenerates the solution by a tannin-catalyzed oxidation.

28007    ◆         solutrope           ◆         a partially miscible mixture of three components, of which two are liquid phases; one component is distributed in one or both of the liquid phases, depending upon its concentration.

28008    ◆         solvate   ◆         the compound formed by the interaction of a solvent and a solute.

28009    ◆         solvation            ◆         the binding to an ion or polar molecule of one or more molecules of solvent.

28010    ◆         solvent  ◆         the continuous phase of a solution, in which the solute is dissolved; water is the most common liquid solvent; others include alchol, acetone, and ether.

28011    ◆         solvent deasphalting       ◆         a petroleum-refinery process that uses a solvent to remove asphalt by dissolving the oil in the solvent so that the asphalt settles out by gravity. Also, solvent deresining.

28012    ◆         solvent dewaxing            ◆         the use of a solvent to dissolve waxes from an oil solution, in which the wax solution is chilled and removed by filtration.

28013    ◆         SOLVENT EXTRACTION    ◆         용매추출; 유기화합물 분석방법

28014    ◆         Solvent extraction of oils, fats, and greases            ◆         기름, 지방, 그리스 등의 용매추출법; 슬러지 개량법으로 실험실이나 파일럿규모로 실행되고 있는 방법

28015    ◆         SOLVENT PROPERTIES      ◆         오염의 희석, 용매희석

28016    ◆         solvent recovery ◆         the reclamation of an extraction solvent from a stream, usually by distillation.

28017    ◆         SOLVENT SEPARATION     ◆         용매분리

28018    ◆         solvent-refined    ◆         describing a product that has been purified by the use of chemical solvents.

28019    ◆         solvolysis           ◆         a chemical reaction in which a solute and a solvent combine to form a new compound or compounds; involves decomposition of the solvent.

28020    ◆         solvus   ◆         the points on a phase diagram that indicate the temperature at which a given solid will freeze or melt.

28021    ◆         sonar    ◆         specifically, a system that uses transmitted acoustic signals and echo returns, as well as acoustic signals originating from other sources, for navigating and determining position and bearing. (An acronym for sound navigation and ranging.)

28022    ◆         sonar array        ◆         a configuration of sonar transducers or sonar projectors.

28023    ◆         sonar beacon     ◆         an independent sound-transmitting device, used for underwater homing, tracking, or navigation.

28024    ◆         sonar boomer transducer ◆         a part of a sonar system used for locating oil under the ocean floor, consisting of an underwater transducer that transmits low-frequency sound (comparable to a sonic boom) into the ocean bottom and receives the echo returns of these transmissions.

28025    ◆         sonar capsule     ◆         a sonar enclosure on a naval vessel, housing a transducer element or array of elements, often physically separated from the main hull structure in order to minimize pickup of the ship's noise.

28026    ◆         sonar receiver     ◆         a device used to receive and display sound signals from an underwater source. Also, sonar detector.

28027    ◆         sonar resolver    ◆         a resolver used in conjunction with echo-ranging and depth-determining sonar in order to determine the horizontal range of a sonar target, as required for depth-bombing.

28028    ◆         sonar self-noise  ◆         any undesired sonar signals that are generated by the sonar receiving equipment itself.

28029    ◆         sonar transducer ◆         a hydrophone or projector used underwater to convert acoustic energy into electromagnetic energy, or electromagnetic energy into acoustic energy.

28030    ◆         sonar transmission          ◆         the emission of underwater sound produced by an active sonar system.

28031    ◆         sonar transmitter ◆         a device that generates and transmits electrical signals to a sonar transducer or sonar projector, which in turn generates intelligence-carrying sound waves of the same frequency in water.

28032    ◆         sone     ◆         a unit of loudness defined as the loudness of a 1000-Hz tone at a 40-decibel sound pressure level as heard by both ears, in which the number of sones doubles with every 10-decibel increase above 40 decibels and halves with every 10-decibel decrease below 40 decibels.

28033    ◆         sonic     ◆         of or relating to a speed equal to that of sound.

28034    ◆         sonic boom        ◆         a noise heard on the ground as a loud boom, resulting from strong pressure waves that are created by high-speed aircraft in supersonic flight.

28035    ◆         sonic drilling      ◆         a process of cutting materials with an abrasive slurry that is driven by a reciprocating tool vibrating at sonic frequency.

28036    ◆         sonic nucleation ◆         the use of sonic energy to cause coagulation of submicrometer droplets.

28037    ◆         sonic pump        ◆         a lifting pump used to extract crude from shallow wells by means of surface-generated harmonic vibrations, which cause several hundred strokes per minute, each of which moves the fluid a fraction of an inch.

28038    ◆         sonic radiation   ◆         waves that are created by acoustic energy, described by the equation c = , where c is the speed of sound in a medium,  is the wavelength of the sound, and  is the frequency of the sound.

28039    ◆         sonic sifter         ◆         a high-speed device that separates particles by size using vibrating motion at sonic frequencies.

28040    ◆         sonics   ◆         the technology of sound processing and analysis, including all noncommunicative processes.

28041    ◆         Sonnenschein's reagent   ◆         a solution of phosphomolybdic acid that is used to test for alkaloid sulfates; a yellow precipitate indicates a positive test.

28042    ◆         sonobuoy          ◆         a buoy containing a hydrophone and radio transmitter, attached to a parachute and dropped into a body of water by an aircraft; it picks up underwater sounds, generally from submarines, and transmits them back to the aircraft. Also, RADIO SONOBUOY.

28043    ◆         sonocatalysis      ◆         the process of catalyzing a reaction by ultrasonic radiation.

28044    ◆         sonochemistry    ◆         chemistry in which reactions occur under ultrasound.

28045    ◆         SOOT    ◆         검댕; 불연성의 재나 불완전연소에 인한 생기는 무정형의 미소 분말 물질

28046    ◆         Soot      ◆         Carbon dust formed by incomplete combustion.

28047    ◆         sorb      ◆         to undergo a process of sorption.

28048    ◆         sorbide  ◆         a collective term for dianhydrosorbitols, having the general formula C6H8O2(OH)2 and derived from sorbitals.

28049    ◆         Sorensen acid indicator   ◆         a substance that indicates by its color the hydrogen-ion concentration of a solution.

28050    ◆         Sorensen titration           ◆         the use of a Sorensen acid indicator in a titration.

28051    ◆         sorption ◆         a general term for the various processes by which one substance binds to another, especially the processes of absorption (taking in the other substance completely) or adsorption (holding the other substance on the surface).

28052    ◆         Sorption ◆         The action of soaking up or attracting substances; process used in many pollution control systems.

28053    ◆         SOS      ◆         silicon-on-sapphire.

28054    ◆         sosoloid ◆         a type of solid in which there are dispersed particles from another solid.

28055    ◆         SOTDAT ◆         Source Test Data

28056    ◆         SOTR     ◆         20℃ 에서 용존산소가 없는 상태에서 실험한 표준산소전달 속도

28057    ◆         sound attenuation           ◆         the decrease of sound energy due to absorption, scattering, and spreading in a medium as the sound moves farther from its source; the intensity can be described by the equation I = I0e-r, where I0 represents the original sound intensity,  represents the attentuation coefficient of the medium, and r is the distance

28058    ◆         sound band pressure level           ◆            the sound pressure level for the selected frequency band of a frequency analyzer.

28059    ◆         sound channel    ◆         a depth range in an ocean or other large body of water in which sound is trapped between two upper and lower boundaries of maximum sound velocity, with a depth of minimum sound velocity at the center of the channel so that sound refracts away from the boundaries toward the central axis.

28060    ◆         sound energy density      ◆         for an enclosed volume, a quantity expressed by the amount of sound energy within the volume divided by the volume.

28061    ◆         sound energy flux           ◆         the average amount of sound energy transmitted in a specific direction perpendicularly across a unit area at the point considered.

28062    ◆         SOUND EXPOSURE LEVEL ◆         소음폭로레벨 : 단발적으로 발생하는 소음에서 1회 발생한 것을 A 특성으로 가중시킨 에너지와 같은 에너지를 가진 계속시간 1초의 정상음 소음레벨 LAE

28063    ◆         SOUND FIELD     ◆         음장 : 음파가 존재하는 공간

28064    ◆         sound image      ◆         the amplitude pattern of acoustic energy around a sound source due its radiated sound.

28065    ◆         sound intensity   ◆         the loudness of a given sound, described as the rate of sound energy transmission in a specified direction at a given point, expressed by the equation dB = 2 log(I/I0), in which I0 represents the reference level expressed in phons.

28066    ◆         SOUND INTENSITY LEVEL ◆         음의 세기레벨

28067    ◆         sound irradiator  ◆         a device that is designed to emit and focus sound into a point of high intensity at its focus.

28068    ◆         sound lag          ◆         the difference in time between the emission and reception of a sound wave.

28069    ◆         SOUND LEVEL    ◆         소음레벨; 감청보상회로로 측정된 음압레벨로 소음계의 A, B,C등으로 측정한 값

28070    ◆         SOUND LEVEL METER      ◆         소음레벨계

28071    ◆         sound masking   ◆         a phenomenon in which one sound blocks out another sound, in which the sound that is heard is not necessarily the loudest, but the one that has the greatest psychological effect on the listener; particularly effective at masking when close in frequency to the original frequency.

28072    ◆         SOUND POWER LEVEL     ◆         음향 파워레벨

28073    ◆         SOUND POWER OF A SOURCE     ◆            음향출력 : 단위시간에 음원에서 방사되는 음의 전에너지

28074    ◆         SOUND POWER SOURCE ◆         소음원(소)

28075    ◆         SOUND PRESSURE          ◆         음압; 음에너지에 의해 매질에는 미소한 압력변화가 생기며 이 압력변화 부분

28076    ◆         sound pressure level       ◆         the decibel measurement of sound force per unit area, equal to 20 times the logarithm (base ten) of a nonreference pressure divided by a reference pressure, as described by the equation dB = 20 log(P/P0).

28077    ◆         SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL DIFFERENCE            ◆         음압레벨차 : 음원측의 지정점 음압레벨과 수음측의 지정점 음압레벨의 차

28078    ◆         SOUND RAY       ◆         음선 : 음파의 파면과 직교하는 선

28079    ◆         sound ray diagram          ◆         a diagram of the predicted behavior of various sound wavefronts over a given region, based on measurements of temperatures or velocities over this region.

28080    ◆         SOUND SOURCE ◆         음원 : 음을 발생시키는 것

28081    ◆         sound spectrum  ◆         ㆍ the specific frequency coverage of a frequency analyzer and similar frequency-dependent sound-measurement equipment.the specific frequency coverage of a frequency analyzer and similar frequency-dependent sound-measurement equipment. ㆍ generally, a broad theoretical range, such as the human audible spectrum of 20 Hz to 20 kHz.generally, a broad theoretical range, such as the human audible spectrum of 20 Hz to 20 kHz.

28082    ◆         SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS    ◆            음향투과등급, STC

28083    ◆         sound transmission coefficient      ◆            the ratio of incident sound energy to that of transmission in the event that a sound wave strikes a boundary of different material; the coefficient is dependent upon the material and the angle of incidence.

28084    ◆         SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS      ◆            음향 투과 손실 : 차음구조에 있어서 입사파와 투과파의 음압레벨차

28085    ◆         SOUND VELOCITY           ◆         음속

28086    ◆         sound volume velocity     ◆         the flow rate of a substance resulting from the passage of sound waves through the medium.

28087    ◆         SOUND WAVE    ◆         음파; 공기 등의 매질을 전파하는 소밀파

28088    ◆         SOUNDING CURVE         ◆         상태곡선  대기의 실제 온도분포를 나타내는 곡선

28089    ◆         sounding velocity            ◆         the velocity of sound in water, used to compute water depth when taking a sounding; for most electronic fathometers, it is calibrated at approximately 4800 feet per second.

28090    ◆         SOUNDRAY        ◆         음선; 음의 진행방향을 나타내는 선

28091    ◆         sour      ◆         a substance containing large amounts of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans; used to neutralize alkalinity or decompose residual bleach in laundry and in textile operations.

28092    ◆         sour corrosion    ◆         corrosion in gas or oil wells in which there is an iron-sulfide corrosion product and foul-smelling hydrogen sulfide is detected in the recovered fluid.

28093    ◆         sour dirt            ◆         earth containing sulfate or smelling of sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide; usually indicates oil in the region. Also, COPPER DIRT.

28094    ◆         SOUR, =Specific oxygen uptake rate            ◆         비산소 섭취율 : 미생물에 의아여 섭취도나 산소의 양을 나타내는 OUR 과 MLVSS농도를 함께 사용하여 처리장 운전에 유용하게 이용됨

28095    ◆         source   ◆         ㆍ a circuit or device that transmits signal power or electric energy to a transducer or load circuit.a circuit or device that transmits signal power or electric energy to a transducer or load circuit. ㆍ in a field effect transistor, the terminal that receives the flow of charge carriers.in a field effect transistor, the terminal that receives the flow of charge carriers.

28096    ◆         Source Area       ◆         The location of liquid hydrocarbons or the zone of highest soil or groundwater concentrations, or both, of the chemical of concern.

28097    ◆         Source Characterization Measurements            ◆         Measurements made to estimate the rate of release of pollutants into the environment from a source such as an incinerator, landfill, etc.

28098    ◆         SOURCE CONTROL         ◆         발생원 통제 : 폐기물의 발생원 감량을 위한 수단

28099    ◆         source field        ◆         the sound field radiated by a source; if the flow outward is Se-it, the pressure radiated by the source can be described by the following equation: p(r) = (ikc/4r)Seik(r-ct), where k = /c,  = the radian frequency,  = the density of the medium, c = the sound velocity in the medium, and r = the distance from the source to the field point.

28100    ◆         source level        ◆         the sound pressure level, measured in decibels, of a detected target for a passive sonar system in the following equation: DT = SL - TL + DI, with DT representing the detection threshold, TL representing one-way transmission loss, and DI representing the directivity index of the sonar system; for an active sonar system, the source level is expressed in the equation SL - 2TL + TS - RL + AG = DT, with 2TL representing the two-way transmission loss, RL representing the reverberation loss, and AG representing the array gain.