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환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14201-14300

by 리치캣 2023. 1. 10.
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환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14201-14300

번호                  용어                  해설

14201             brake horsepower                    the actual horsepower of an engine measured at the flywheel by the use of a dynamometer.

14202             brake lining                 the asbestos-based facing material bonded to brake bands or brake shoes to reduce heat and increase friction.

14203             brake mean-effective pressure                  the theoretical constant pressure that, if exerted on an engine during the power stroke, would produce the actual power produced during the power stroke.

14204             brake shoe                  the curved metal structure containing the brake lining on the outside surface that comes into frictional contact with the inside of a brake drum.

14205             brake thermal efficiency            the ratio of a brake's energy output to its input.

14206             branch           a part of a network, consisting of one or more two-terminal elements in series.  Electricity.

14207             branching                   the tendency for a radioactive element to decay by two or more competing modes of disintegration.

14208             branching fraction                   the percentage of atoms that decay according to a particular mode in branching.

14209             branching ratio            the relative intensities of competing disintegration modes determined by the number of atoms on average that follow one mode of decay versus the number of atoms that follow another.

14210             Braun MSK tissue disintegrator                 a cooled container filled with glass or plastic beads that oscillates rapidly; used to rupture cells in a tissue culture.

14211             Bravais lattice              any one of the fourteen possible arrays of points repeated periodically in three-dimensional space such that the arrangement of points about any one of the points is identical in every respect to that about any other point in the array.

14212             brazed shank tool                    a cutting device in which the metal blade is soldered to a different, nonferrous alloy.

14213             breached cone             a volcanic cone or crater whose rim has been broken through and carried away by the outpouring of lava.

14214             breadboard                 a developmental or prototype implementation of an electronic circuit; often temporary arrangements of electronic components laid out on a board in a rough manner in order to experiment with the circuit design.a developmental or prototype implementation of an electronic circuit; often temporary arrangements of electronic components laid out on a board in a rough manner in order to experiment with the circuit design. any basic framework, such as a perforated board, on which electronic components can be quickly mounted and wired.any basic framework, such as a perforated board, on which electronic components can be quickly mounted and wired. 3. to construct an electronic circuit for experimental or demonstration purposes.to construct an electronic circuit for experimental or demonstration purposes.

14215             breadboard model                   a working assemblage of the parts of an instrument or electrical system, wherein components are unhoused and rest flat on a board for the purposes of inspection, experimentation, and demonstration.

14216             breadboarding             the construction of an electronic circuit on a breadboard to test or demonstrate its feasibility.

14217             breadcrust bomb          a volcanic bomb whose surface is characterized by a network of opened cracks.

14218             break             an open circuit.an open circuit. a circuit fault.a circuit fault. 3. in a circuit-opening device, the shortest distance between the contacts when they are in the open position.in a circuit-opening device, the shortest distance between the contacts when they are in the open position.  Telecommunications.  a temporary transmission interruption.a temporary transmission interruption. a signal sent by a receiver to a transmitter indicating that the receiver desires to transmit.a signal sent by a receiver to a transmitter indicating that the receiver desires to transmit. 3. in radio or television, a given time scheduled for commercial announcements.in radio or television, a given time scheduled for commercial announcements.  Graphic Arts. the end of a line, column, page, or other unit of printed copy.  Computer Programming.  to interrupt computer processing, usually by manual means.to interrupt computer processing, usually by manual means. a separating point in a file at which a significant change in a key value, such as the initial alphabetic character, occurs.a separating point in a file at which a significant change in a key value, such as the initial alphabetic character, occurs.  Artificial Intelligence. in Lisp, the halting of execution due to occurrence of an error.

14219             BREAK POINT CHLORINATION                  분기점 염소처리; 분기점반응에 기초한 곡선에 준한 염소처리

14220             Break through point                 파과점; 일정한 통수조건에서 처리수의 유기물 농도가 허용치에 달한 점

14221             breakdown                  a process of chemical decomposition or analysis.  :  a disruptive discharge through insulation, insulators, or other materials separating circuits, involving a sudden large increase in current due to complete failure under electrostatic stress.a disruptive discharge through insulation, insulators, or other materials separating circuits, involving a sudden large increase in current due to complete failure under electrostatic stress. an undesired runaway increase in an electrode current in a gas tube.an undesired runaway increase in an electrode current in a gas tube.  Metallurgy.  in rolling or drawing, the preliminary operation that breaks down the structure of the starting stock.in rolling or drawing, the preliminary operation that breaks down the structure of the starting stock. a preliminary operation in press-forging.a preliminary operation in press-forging.

14222             breakdown diode                     a Zener diode, avalanche diode, or any other semiconductor diode having a reverse-voltage breakdown mechanism based on either the Zener or the avalanche effect.

14223             breakdown impedance              a small-signal impedance at a specified direct current in the breakdown region of a semiconductor diode.

14224             breakdown region                    that part of a semiconductor-diode characteristic curve lying beyond the initiation of breakdown.

14225             breakdown voltage                   the voltage produced at a particular current in the electrical breakdown region of a semiconductor diode. Also, ZENER VOLTAGE.the voltage produced at a particular current in the electrical breakdown region of a semiconductor diode. Also, ZENER VOLTAGE. the voltage at which breakdown occurs in a dielectric or in a gas tube.the voltage at which breakdown occurs in a dielectric or in a gas tube.

14226             Breakdown Voltage  (내전압)                    전압아크와 절연을 통과시켜 도전하는 것이 없다, 기기의 절연부의 양단에 표가할 수 있는 최대 전압. 내전압은, 있는 전류값에 있어서의 AC전압값또는 DC전압값으로서 통상 명시됩니다.

14227             breaker cam                in an internal combustion engine, an engine-driven rotating device that opens the breaker points of the ignition system.

14228             breaking circulation                 the resumption of drilling fluid, flowing down the drillpipe through the bit and up through the annulus to the surface.

14229             breaking load              the minimum load or stress that, when applied steadily, will break or fracture a certain material or member.

14230             breaking strength                    the ability of a material to withstand tensile stress without breaking. Also, BREAKING CAPACITY.

14231             breaking stress            any stress, such as compression or tension, that will cause a material to rupture. Also, FAILURE STRESS, FRACTURE STRESS.

14232             breaking-drop theory              a theory, based on the separation of electric charge due to the breakup of water drops, that explains the bipolar charge distribution characteristic of thunderclouds.

14233             breakout                     the process of withdrawing and disassembling equipment used in drilling a well, such as drill rods, bits, or collars.

14234             breakout block            a block of steel that fits the square of a drill bit and holds the bit while it is unscrewed from a drill collar.

14235             breakout tongs            a heavy wrench, usually mechanically actuated, used to couple or uncouple drill rods, drill pipe, casing, or drive pipe. Also, MAKEUP TONGS.

14236             breakover                   in a circuit component, the transition from a forward-blocking to a forward-conducting state.

14237             breakover voltage                    the value of positive anode voltage at which a circuit component changes into the conductive state.

14238             breakpoint                  an abrupt change in the slope of a mathematical relation, caused by some physical event; for example, the pressure drop-gas velocity relation for gas-liquid flow in a packed column will show a distinct change in slope at the loading point, and another abrupt change at the flooding point.an abrupt change in the slope of a mathematical relation, caused by some physical event; for example, the pressure drop-gas velocity relation for gas-liquid flow in a packed column will show a distinct change in slope at the loading point, and another abrupt change at the flooding point.

14239             Breakpoint Chlorination            Addition of chrlorine to water until the chlorine demand has been satisfied.

14240             BREAKPOINT REACTION            분기점 반응; 염소에 의한 살균은 매우 복잡한 반응을 보이는데 이를 설명할 수 있는 반응단계

14241             breakthrough              a break in a section of filter cake that allows unfiltered fluid to pass through. Also, BREAKPOINT.a break in a section of filter cake that allows unfiltered fluid to pass through. Also, BREAKPOINT. in certain ion-exchange systems, the initial appearance of unadsorbed ions, indicating that the resin bed is exhausted.in certain ion-exchange systems, the initial appearance of unadsorbed ions, indicating that the resin bed is exhausted.  Metallurgy. in the ion-exchange recovery of metal from solution, the point at which the first traces of metal appear in the last of a series of resin-filled stripping columns.

14242             Breakthrough              A crack or break in a filter bed that allows the passage of floc or particulate matter through a filter; will cause an increase in filter effluent turbidity.

14243             Breakthrough adsorption capacity             파과 흡착능;

14244             BREAKTHROUGH POINT           파과점

14245             breather          a small vent in the top of a covering or container, to allow circulation of air, escape of excess liquid or fumes, equalization of pressure, and the like. Similarly, breather pipe.

14246             breathing                    the process of ventilating a container, tank, or other closed system.the process of ventilating a container, tank, or other closed system. in the molding of plastics, the opening and closing of a mold to permit the escape of accumulated gases. Also, DEGASSING.in the molding of plastics, the opening and closing of a mold to permit the escape of accumulated gases. Also, DEGASSING.

14247             BREATHING ZONE                    호흡영역

14248             Breathing Zone            Area of air in which an organism inhales.

14249             breeching                   a pipe or tubing system that conducts combustion by-products from a furnace or boiler up through a chimney.

14250             Breit-Wigner formula                a mathematical expression that defines the cross section for resonant absorption as a function of collision energy; derived from the Breit-Wigner theory.

14251             Breit-Wigner theory                  a theory that explains neutron cross sections in terms of neutron absorption to form a compound nucleus at or near resonance peaks with a high probability of neutron capture. Also, DISPERSION THEORY.

14252             BRI                Building-Related Illness

14253             bridge            an atom or group of atoms that connects other atoms or groups, usually within a ring.  Horology. any of several partial plates in a timepiece that mount on the main plate and serve to cover the wheels of the trains and to bear their upper pivots.  Mining Engineering. a natural rock slab that spans a passage from wall to wall and inclines less than 45° from the horizontal.

14254             bridge circuit               a type of electrical network, circuit, or instrument that is used in electrical measurements, usually having four extremities arranged in a diamond, three with known impedances and the fourth attached to the source of unknown impedance. Also, BRIDGE.

14255             bridge oscillator           an oscillator in which positive feedback, limitation of amplitude, and frequency of oscillation are determined by a bridge circuit.

14256             bridge rectifier             a full-wave rectifier having four rectifiers in the form of a bridge, with the AC supply connected across one diagonal and the DC output taken from the other.

14257             Bridge Resistance  (다리 저항)                 센서다리의 계기부의 려발전극과 마이너스 전극간으로 측정된 저항. 다리 저항은, 모든 조정 저항과 밸런스 저항으로부터 독립해 측정됩니다.

14258             bridge vibration           any mechanical vibration of a bridge or other such suspended structure that is caused by an external stimulus, as opposed to vibration from failure of the structure.

14259             bridgewall                   in a furnace or boiler, a transverse wall, usually of firebrick, over which combustion by-products flow.

14260             BRIDGING                   가교화  집진시 분진이 뭉치거나 서로 엉키는 현상

14261             bridging amplifier                    an amplifier whose input is bridged across a transmission line and whose output provides a signal to a branching line. Its input impedance has to be high enough so it will not affect the signal level in the main transmission circuit.

14262             bridging connection                 a parallel connection designed to withdraw some of the signal energy in a circuit without a noticeable effect on the normal operation of the circuit.

14263             bridging gain              the ratio between the power delivered by a transducer to a specified load impedance and the power dissipated in the reference impedance across which the input of the transducer is spanned; usually expressed in decibels.

14264             bridging loss               the reciprocal of bridging gain, the ratio between the power dissipated in the reference impedance and the power delivered by the transducer.

14265             bridled           of a device or instrument, restrained in range or motion, as by a spring mechanism.

14266             bright segment            a faint band of light appearing over the horizon just before sunrise or after sunset, caused by sunlight reflected from particulate matter in the upper atmosphere.

14267             bright spots                on a seismographic recording strip, white dots that may indicate the presence of hydrocarbons.

14268             brightness control                    the control in a television receiver or other CRT device that governs the average brightness of the reproduced image.

14269             brilliance                    the degree of brightness and clarity of the image on a cathode-ray tube.the degree of brightness and clarity of the image on a cathode-ray tube. the degree to which higher audio frequencies are produced or reproduced, as for example in a radio broadcast or the playback of a recording.the degree to which higher audio frequencies are produced or reproduced, as for example in a radio broadcast or the playback of a recording.

14270             brine              an aqueous solution, often containing sodium chloride, that is cooled and circulated in a refrigeration system.

14271             Brine Mud                  Waste material, oftnen associated with well-drilling or mining, composed of mineral salts or other inorganic compounds.

14272             British Thermal Unit                 Unit of heat energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.

14273             BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)                  열량단위 : 1 Btu = 1055.1 J = 252cal

14274             Brix degree                 a unit of the Brix scale; the percentage by weight of soluble solids in a syrup at 68°F.

14275             Brix scale                    a unit for sugar solutions that indicates the percentage of sugar by weight in the solution at a specific temperature; frequently used to express the sugar level of wines. (Named for the German inventor A. F. W. Brix.)

14276             broad tuning               poor selectivity in a radio receiver, so that two or more stations are audibly received at a single dial setting.

14277             broad-band amplifier               an amplifier having essentially flat response over a wide range of frequencies.

14278             broad-band klystron                 a klystron having three or more resonant cavities that are loaded externally and stagger-tuned to broaden the bandwidth.

14279             Broadcast Application               The spreading of pesticides over an entire area.

14280             brominating agent                   any compound that can be used to insert a bromine atom into a molecule, e.g., phosphorus tribromide, PBr3.

14281             BROMINE CHLORIDE                브롬화염소

14282             bromine number          the number that indicates the degree of unsaturation of an oil, determined by the number of centigrams of bromine that are absorbed by one gram of oil. Also, BROMINE VALUE

14283             bromine test               a laboratory test to determine unsaturated hydrocarbons found in crude oil by mixing a sample with bromine and measuring the absorption rate.

14284             bromine trifluoride                   BrF3, a colorless to yellowish liquid, very reactive and corrosive, that decomposes violently on contact with water; melts at 8.8°C and boils at 135°C; used as a fluorinating agent and electrolytic solvent.

14285             Bromomethane의 특성 및 방제방법                    

14286             Bromomethane의 특성 및 방제방법                     주최 : 국립환경 연구원

14287             Bronsted-Lowry theory             the theory that any molecule or ion that can produce a proton is an acid, and any that can take up a proton is a base. Thus all reactions between acid and base are simply the transfer of a proton from one base to another. Also, Bronsted theory

14288             brontides                    the short-lived rumbling sounds from the earth that can be heard in active seismic regions.

14289             brown acid                 oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate found in sludge after petroleum products are treated with sulfuric acid.

14290             Brownfields                 Abandoned, idled, or under used industrial and commercial facilities/sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination. They can be in urban, or rural areas. EPA's Brownfields initiative helps communities mitigate potential health risks and restore the economic viability of such areas or properties.

14291             BROWNIAN MOTION               브라운 운동

14292             brown-ring test           a test for the nitrate ion using a solution of sample and dilute ferrous sulfate layered on top of concentrated sulfuric acid; a brown ring between the layers indicates a positive test.

14293             BRS                Bibliographic Retrieval Service

14294             Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation               an equation that determines the adsorption rate of a film more than one molecule thick; it computes the surface area of the monolayer or top layer. Also, BET EQUATION.

14295             brush encoder             an encoder that converts positional information to digitally encoded data, using brushes that make contact with conductive segments on a moving surface.

14296             BS                 bottom settlings, the emulsions of oil, water, and mud that settle out of crude oil in storage tanks.

14297             BSI                 British Standards Institute

14298             BSO               Benzene Soluble Organics

14299             BTEX              (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene)        벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌을 총칭하며, 비등점이 낮은 납사, 휘발유, 벤젠, 톨루엔 에틸벤젠, 크실렌을 저장하고 있는 시설에 대한 토양오염도 검사 항목임.

14300             BTEX              Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene을 혼합하여 지칭하는 용어

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