환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14101-14200

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14101-14200

번호                  용어                  해설

14101    ◆         bond angle        ◆         the angle between the lines connecting the nucleus of one atom to the nuclei of two other atoms that are bonded to it. Also, VALENCE ANGLE.

14102    ◆         bond axis          ◆         a central line between the nucleus of one atom and the nucleus of another atom that is bonded to it, bisecting the area of high electron density between the two nuclei.

14103    ◆         bond dissociation energy ◆         the actual bond energy required to break a single bond of one type in one molecule. Also, SINGLE BOND ENERGY.

14104    ◆         bond energy      ◆         the force that maintains a chemical bond, described in terms of the average amount of energy per mole required to break bonds of the same type per molecule; in general, the larger the bond energy, the stronger the bond.

14105    ◆         bond hybridization          ◆         the manner in which atomic orbitals mix or change to accommodate different types of chemical bonds.

14106    ◆         bond length       ◆         the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms bonded together in a stable molecule. Also, BOND DISTANCE.

14107    ◆         bonded NR diode           ◆         an N+ junction semiconductor device that combines avalanche breakdown and current flow conductivity modulation to form negative resistance.

14108    ◆         bonded-phase chromatography    ◆            a form of high-pressure liquid chromatography that uses a stable stationary phase.

14109    ◆         bonding electron ◆         an electron whose charge density resides predominately between two atoms, so that it helps hold the molecule together.

14110    ◆         bonding orbital  ◆         a relationship between an electron and a nucleus in which the electron's energy decreases as it draws closer to the nucleus, causing them to unite. Also, bonding molecular orbital.

14111    ◆         bonding pad      ◆         a metallized region on the surface of a semiconductor device, to which connections can be made.

14112    ◆         bonding strength            ◆         the strength of adhesives, welds, solders, glues, and the like in response to shear or tension.

14113    ◆         BONDING WITHIN FILTER ◆         결합; 입상여재 여과지내에서 부유물질제거에 기여하는 메카니즘

14114    ◆         Bond's law         ◆         a theory used to explain the relationship between the amount of energy needed to crush solid materials, and the size and shape of the end-product; intermediate between Kick's law and Rittinger's law. Also, Bond's third theory.

14115    ◆         BONN CONVECTION       ◆         본협약 :  1979년에 이동성 야생동물 보호협약으로 국가간의 경계를 주기적으로 이동하는 이동성동물자원의 멸종을 막기 위해 보호관리하는 데 그 목적이 있음

14116    ◆         Boom    ◆         1. A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. 2. A piece of equipment used to apply pesticides from a tractor or truck.

14117    ◆         boom    ◆         a beam member of a crane used to project the upper end of the hoisting tackle.

14118    ◆         boom microphone          ◆         an apparatus widely used in moviemaking and television broadcasting, consisting of a movable mechanical arm from which a microphone is suspended; it can be positioned so that it is close above the performer's head but still high enough to be out of camera range.

14119    ◆         boom stop         ◆         a device that is used to stop a boom when it has reached a maximum angle.

14120    ◆         Boord synthesis  ◆         a technique for making - olefins by reducing -bromo ethers with zinc.

14121    ◆         boost    ◆         a rise in the atmospheric pressure in the induction of a supercharged or turbocharged piston engine.

14122    ◆         boost　 pump   (가압 펌프)        ◆           순수한 물 장치 설치시에, 설치 장소의 공급 수압이, 순수한 물 장치 공급 수압 사양의 하한을 밑돌 때에 보조 설비로서 설치하는 펌프. 배관에 직접다는 라인 펌프식과, 수수탱크로 받아 펌프 가압하는 방식이 있다.

14123    ◆         booster  ◆         ㆍ a radio-frequency amplifier used to amplify and rebroadcast a television or communication radio signal at higher power without altering the carrier frequency.a radio-frequency amplifier used to amplify and rebroadcast a television or communication radio signal at higher power without altering the carrier frequency. ㆍ any device that increases the amplitude of a signal or of an energy source.any device that increases the amplitude of a signal or of an energy source.  Ordnance. a small explosive charge used to augment the fuse in setting off the main explosive charge.  Immunology. a vaccine given after a primary immunization to renew or increase an immune response.

14124    ◆         booster brake     ◆         an air chamber connected to the brake pedal that uses the vacuum produced by the engine to force hydraulic fluid or compressed air to the wheel brake, thus requiring less pressure on the brake pedal to stop the vehicle.

14125    ◆         booster fan        ◆         a fan used to increase the amount of air pressure or air flow.

14126    ◆         booster pump    ◆         an auxiliary pump used to increase pressure in a liquid or compressed-air pipe.

14127    ◆         boot      ◆         a cylindrical separator through which well fluids sometimes pass before flowing into the actual separator; the boot aids the separation process by working as a surge column to allow gas to separate out.

14128    ◆         bootstrap circuit ◆         a circuit in which part of the output is fed back across the input, providing a higher effective input impedance and unity gain.

14129    ◆         bootstrapping     ◆         a method of lifting a generator circuit above ground by a voltage value derived from its own output signal.

14130    ◆         BOP      ◆         Basic Oxygen Process

14131    ◆         BOPF     ◆         Basic Oxygen Process Furnace

14132    ◆         Border strip flooding       ◆         두렁 범람법; 폐수의 자연처리방법중 저속법의 지표공급방법

14133    ◆         BORDER TAX ADJUSTMENT          ◆            국경세조정  국가별로 상이한 세금수준을 보상하기 위하여 수입제품에 대한 세금부과 또는 수출품에 대한 면세를 통해 국가간 세금수준을 조정하는 것

14134    ◆         bore      ◆         an outlet of a geyser at the surface of the earth.

14135    ◆         Borehole            ◆         Hole made with drilling equipment.

14136    ◆         borehole mining ◆         the extraction of minerals in the form of gas or liquid from the earth, through the use of suction pumps and boreholes.

14137    ◆         borer     ◆         a tool or apparatus that is used to bore a hole.

14138    ◆         boring   ◆         the process of making or enlarging a cylindrical hole using a lathe, boring machine, or boring mill.

14139    ◆         Born equation    ◆         an equation that determines the free energy of solvation of an ion in terms of the Avogadro number, the ionic radius, the ionic valency, the ion's electronic charge, and the dielectric constant of the electrolytic.

14140    ◆         Born-Oppenheimer approximation ◆            a system for calculating electronic states, such as wavefunctions and energy levels, in which nuclei are assumed to have infinite masses and be in a fixed position in space, because their vibrations, compared to those of the electrons, are exceedingly slow.

14141    ◆         boron-10           ◆         a stable isotope of boron that emits  rays after neutron capture and, because of this property, is widely used in radiation detectors.

14142    ◆         Bosch fuel-injection pump           ◆            a fuel pump in which the plunger and barrel are closely lapped to reduce leakage; used in internal-combustion engines.

14143    ◆         Botanical Pesticide          ◆         A pesticide whose active ingredient is a plant-produced chemical such as nicotine or strychnine. Also called a plant-derived pesticide.

14144    ◆         Bottle Bill           ◆         Proposed or enacted legislation which requires a returnable deposit on beer or soda containers and provides for retail store or other redemption. Such legislation is designed to discourage use of throw-away containers.

14145    ◆         bottleneck          ◆         an area of reduced diameter in a drill pipe, caused by inordinate longitudinal strain or weight or a combination of strain and abnormal swaying of the mechanism.

14146    ◆         BOTTOM ASH     ◆         바닥재

14147    ◆         Bottom Ash        ◆         The non-airborne combustion residue from burning pulverized coal in a boiler; the material which falls to the bottom of the boiler and is removed mechanically; a concentration of non-combustible materials, which may include toxics.

14148    ◆         bottom dead center        ◆         the point at which a piston is at the end of its downstroke.

14149    ◆         bottom drive      ◆         any of several methods used to stimulate and drive oil from a difficult formation, including water, steam, or CO2 drive, pressure maintenance by gas injection, or in situ combustion in the formation.

14150    ◆         bottom fraction  ◆         in petroleum distillation, the heaviest, least volatile fraction; the final cut. Also, BOTTOM, BOTTOMS.

14151    ◆         bottom hole       ◆         the section of an oil well with the greatest depth.

14152    ◆         Bottom Land  Hardwoods           ◆            Forested freshwater wetlands adjacent to rivers in the southeastern United States, especially valuable for wildlife breeding, nesting and habitat.

14153    ◆         bottom sample   ◆         a core removed from the bottom of a borehole for reservoir evaluation.

14154    ◆         BOTTOM SEALS  ◆         지반밀폐

14155    ◆         bottom-dump     ◆         describing a vehicle that dumps its load through gates or doors in the underside of its body.

14156    ◆         bottom-dump truck        ◆         a trailer or semitrailer that can dump its contents through doors in the underside of its body. Also, DUMP WAGON.

14157    ◆         bottom-hole pressure      ◆         ㆍ the recorded gas-drive pressure, expressed in pounds per square inch, at the base of an oil well shaft; used to determine oil-reservoir performance and downhole equipment productivity.the recorded gas-drive pressure, expressed in pounds per square inch, at the base of an oil well shaft; used to determine oil-reservoir performance and downhole equipment productivity. ㆍ thewell pressure determined at a point opposite the producing formation.thewell pressure determined at a point opposite the producing formation.

14158    ◆         bottom-hole pump         ◆         a compact, high-volume electric or hydraulic pump, placed near the bottom of a well to lift well fluids.

14159    ◆         bottom-hole separator     ◆         a unit that separates natural gas and crude oil at the bottom of a well in order to increase the volumetric efficiency of the pumping system.

14160    ◆         bottoming         ◆         a limiting action in positive grid-voltage peaks in a beam-power tube or pentode, caused by the formation of a virtual cathode under certain operating conditions; the anode current is limited by the virtual cathode and flattens the corresponding anode voltage peak.

14161    ◆         bottoms ◆         BASIC SEDIMENT AND WATER.

14162    ◆         Boudouard reaction        ◆         a term for the chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide is reduced by carbon.

14163    ◆         Bouguer anomaly           ◆         a gravity anomaly calculated after corrections for latitude, elevation, and terrain have been made, without taking into account isostasy corrections. Also, Bouguer gravity anomaly.

14164    ◆         Bouguer-Lambert law      ◆         a law stating that the change in the intensity of light transmitted through an absorbing substance is related exponentially to the thickness of the absorbing medium and a constant dependent on sample and wavelength.

14165    ◆         Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law           ◆            a law stating that the intensity of a beam of monochromatic radiation in an absorbing medium decreases exponentially with penetration.

14166    ◆         boule    ◆         a small rounded mass produced by fusion of alumina, as in sapphires and rubies.  Materials Science. the raw product initially formed in any of the manufacturing processes used to produce single crystals of desired shapes.

14167    ◆         bounce  ◆         ㆍ an abrupt abnormal variation in television picture brightness, independent of the actual brightness of the original subject.an abrupt abnormal variation in television picture brightness, independent of the actual brightness of the original subject. ㆍ a similar variation in the vertical position of the picture.a similar variation in the vertical position of the picture.

14168    ◆         bounce table      ◆         a device that tests the resilience of objects, especially metal components, by subjecting them to high impacts caused by dropping.

14169    ◆         bound vector     ◆         a vector whose direction, line, and point of application are all prescribed.

14170    ◆         bound water      ◆         molecules of water held tightly by chemical groups in a larger molecule; proteins tend to hold water in this way. It may not freeze until as low as -40°C.

14171    ◆         boundary           ◆         an area of meeting of P-type and N-type semiconductor materials where the donor and acceptor concentrations are equal.  Robotics. a line that defines the edge of an image in machine vision.

14172    ◆         boundary line     ◆         the line where any two phase areas meet in a binary system, or the line where any two liquidus surfaces intersect in a ternary system.

14173    ◆         BOUNDARY POTENTIAL   ◆         경계전위

14174    ◆         boundary wave   ◆         a seismic wave that moves along a free surface or the boundary of clearly defined layers.

14175    ◆         BOUNDED TARIFFS          ◆         양허관세 : 다자간 협상과정을 통해 국제적으로 공인된 관세, 일단 관세를 양허하면 그 이하로 낮출 수는 있어도 더 이상의 관세를 부과할 수 없음

14176    ◆         Bounding Estimate          ◆         An estimate of exposure, dose, or risk that is higher than that incurred by the person in the population with the currently highest exposure, dose, or risk. Bounding estimates are useful in developing statements that exposures, doses, or risks are Anot greater than an estimated value.

14177    ◆         Bowden cable     ◆         a spring-steel wire in a flexible metal casing, used to pull loads over long distances.

14178    ◆         Bowie formula    ◆         a formula that calculates the local gravity anomaly on earth.

14179    ◆         bowl classifier    ◆         a shallow, concave-bottomed bowl in which a liquid-solid suspension is admitted to the center. Larger particles drop to the bottom and are moved to a discharge point; small particles and liquid are collected as they flow over the edge of the bowl.

14180    ◆         bowl mill           ◆         a crushing device that consists of a rotating bowl and stationary rollers, with the grinding pressure being produced by means of springs; it grinds and pulverizes coal to the preferred size range and then passes the crushed fuel directly to a furnace. Also, bowl-mill pulverizer.

14181    ◆         bowl scraper      ◆         a steel bowl hung on a wheeled frame; as it is pulled forward by a tractor, its bottom edge digs into the ground; the soil is then ejected at the dumping site through a tailgate.

14182    ◆         Bow's notation    ◆         a notation used to represent coplanar forces graphically, where forces are represented by line segments.

14183    ◆         BOXBOARD        ◆         상자용판자

14184    ◆         boxcar circuit     ◆         a circuit used in radar to sample voltage waveforms and store the latest value sampled. (So called because of the flat, boxlike shape of the waveform.)

14185    ◆         BOYSNC ◆         Beginning of Year Significant Non-Compliers

14186    ◆         BP        ◆         Boiling Point

14187    ◆         BPJ        ◆         Best Professional Judgment

14188    ◆         BPT       ◆         Best Practicable Technology. Best Practicable Treatment

14189    ◆         BPWTT  ◆         Best Practical Wastewater Treatment Technology

14190    ◆         brachistochrone  ◆         the curved path taken by a body, descending without friction under the force of gravity alone, from one point to another in minimal time.

14191    ◆         brachyaxis          ◆         the shorter of the horizontal axes of an orthorhombic crystal.

14192    ◆         Brackish ◆         Mixed fresh and salt water.

14193    ◆         brackish water (관수)       ◆         담수보다도 소금농도의 높은 물

14194    ◆         bradding           ◆         the loss of sharpness and subsequent deformation of a bit tooth when too much weight is placed on it.

14195    ◆         Bragg equation   ◆         in the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, each diffracted beam is considered as a Bragg reflection from a lattice plane in the crystal. If the angle between the nth order of diffraction of X-rays, wavelength l, and the normal to a set of crystal lattice planes is (90°- q), and the perpendicular spacing of the lattice planes is d, then nl = 2d sin(q). Thus when X-rays strike a crystal they will be diffracted, when, and only when, this equation is satisfied. With this equation, Bragg first identified the integers, h, k, and l of the Laue equation with the Miller indices of the lattice planes.

14196    ◆         brake    ◆         ㆍ a device designed to slow or stop the motion of a vehicle or machine by the use of friction in a controlled manner.a device designed to slow or stop the motion of a vehicle or machine by the use of friction in a controlled manner. ㆍ a similar device that controls the tension on the reel of a rotary printing press.a similar device that controls the tension on the reel of a rotary printing press.

14197    ◆         brake band        ◆         the flexible band of a band-type brake that is tightened around a brake drum to stop the motion of a wheel.

14198    ◆         brake block        ◆         the part of the brake where the brake shoe is held.

14199    ◆         brake drum        ◆         the revolving cylindrical component with which either the brake band or the brake shoe comes into frictional contact.

14200    ◆         BRAKE HORSE POWER (BHP)        ◆            제동마력(실마력) ; 펌프를 운전할 때 펌프의 주축을 회전시키는데 요하는 동력