환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14201-14300

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 14201-14300

번호                  용어                  해설

14201    ◆         brake horsepower           ◆         the actual horsepower of an engine measured at the flywheel by the use of a dynamometer.

14202    ◆         brake lining        ◆         the asbestos-based facing material bonded to brake bands or brake shoes to reduce heat and increase friction.

14203    ◆         brake mean-effective pressure      ◆            the theoretical constant pressure that, if exerted on an engine during the power stroke, would produce the actual power produced during the power stroke.

14204    ◆         brake shoe         ◆         the curved metal structure containing the brake lining on the outside surface that comes into frictional contact with the inside of a brake drum.

14205    ◆         brake thermal efficiency   ◆         the ratio of a brake's energy output to its input.

14206    ◆         branch  ◆         a part of a network, consisting of one or more two-terminal elements in series.  Electricity.

14207    ◆         branching          ◆         the tendency for a radioactive element to decay by two or more competing modes of disintegration.

14208    ◆         branching fraction          ◆         the percentage of atoms that decay according to a particular mode in branching.

14209    ◆         branching ratio   ◆         the relative intensities of competing disintegration modes determined by the number of atoms on average that follow one mode of decay versus the number of atoms that follow another.

14210    ◆         Braun MSK tissue disintegrator     ◆            a cooled container filled with glass or plastic beads that oscillates rapidly; used to rupture cells in a tissue culture.

14211    ◆         Bravais lattice     ◆         any one of the fourteen possible arrays of points repeated periodically in three-dimensional space such that the arrangement of points about any one of the points is identical in every respect to that about any other point in the array.

14212    ◆         brazed shank tool           ◆         a cutting device in which the metal blade is soldered to a different, nonferrous alloy.

14213    ◆         breached cone    ◆         a volcanic cone or crater whose rim has been broken through and carried away by the outpouring of lava.

14214    ◆         breadboard        ◆         ㆍ a developmental or prototype implementation of an electronic circuit; often temporary arrangements of electronic components laid out on a board in a rough manner in order to experiment with the circuit design.a developmental or prototype implementation of an electronic circuit; often temporary arrangements of electronic components laid out on a board in a rough manner in order to experiment with the circuit design. ㆍ any basic framework, such as a perforated board, on which electronic components can be quickly mounted and wired.any basic framework, such as a perforated board, on which electronic components can be quickly mounted and wired. 3. to construct an electronic circuit for experimental or demonstration purposes.to construct an electronic circuit for experimental or demonstration purposes.

14215    ◆         breadboard model          ◆         a working assemblage of the parts of an instrument or electrical system, wherein components are unhoused and rest flat on a board for the purposes of inspection, experimentation, and demonstration.

14216    ◆         breadboarding    ◆         the construction of an electronic circuit on a breadboard to test or demonstrate its feasibility.

14217    ◆         breadcrust bomb ◆         a volcanic bomb whose surface is characterized by a network of opened cracks.

14218    ◆         break    ◆         ㆍ an open circuit.an open circuit. ㆍ a circuit fault.a circuit fault. 3. in a circuit-opening device, the shortest distance between the contacts when they are in the open position.in a circuit-opening device, the shortest distance between the contacts when they are in the open position.  Telecommunications.  ㆍ a temporary transmission interruption.a temporary transmission interruption. ㆍ a signal sent by a receiver to a transmitter indicating that the receiver desires to transmit.a signal sent by a receiver to a transmitter indicating that the receiver desires to transmit. 3. in radio or television, a given time scheduled for commercial announcements.in radio or television, a given time scheduled for commercial announcements.  Graphic Arts. the end of a line, column, page, or other unit of printed copy.  Computer Programming.  ㆍ to interrupt computer processing, usually by manual means.to interrupt computer processing, usually by manual means. ㆍ a separating point in a file at which a significant change in a key value, such as the initial alphabetic character, occurs.a separating point in a file at which a significant change in a key value, such as the initial alphabetic character, occurs.  Artificial Intelligence. in Lisp, the halting of execution due to occurrence of an error.

14219    ◆         BREAK POINT CHLORINATION      ◆            분기점 염소처리; 분기점반응에 기초한 곡선에 준한 염소처리

14220    ◆         Break through point        ◆         파과점; 일정한 통수조건에서 처리수의 유기물 농도가 허용치에 달한 점

14221    ◆         breakdown         ◆         a process of chemical decomposition or analysis.  :  ㆍ a disruptive discharge through insulation, insulators, or other materials separating circuits, involving a sudden large increase in current due to complete failure under electrostatic stress.a disruptive discharge through insulation, insulators, or other materials separating circuits, involving a sudden large increase in current due to complete failure under electrostatic stress. ㆍ an undesired runaway increase in an electrode current in a gas tube.an undesired runaway increase in an electrode current in a gas tube.  Metallurgy.  ㆍ in rolling or drawing, the preliminary operation that breaks down the structure of the starting stock.in rolling or drawing, the preliminary operation that breaks down the structure of the starting stock. ㆍ a preliminary operation in press-forging.a preliminary operation in press-forging.

14222    ◆         breakdown diode            ◆         a Zener diode, avalanche diode, or any other semiconductor diode having a reverse-voltage breakdown mechanism based on either the Zener or the avalanche effect.

14223    ◆         breakdown impedance     ◆         a small-signal impedance at a specified direct current in the breakdown region of a semiconductor diode.

14224    ◆         breakdown region           ◆         that part of a semiconductor-diode characteristic curve lying beyond the initiation of breakdown.

14225    ◆         breakdown voltage          ◆         ㆍ the voltage produced at a particular current in the electrical breakdown region of a semiconductor diode. Also, ZENER VOLTAGE.the voltage produced at a particular current in the electrical breakdown region of a semiconductor diode. Also, ZENER VOLTAGE. ㆍ the voltage at which breakdown occurs in a dielectric or in a gas tube.the voltage at which breakdown occurs in a dielectric or in a gas tube.

14226    ◆         Breakdown Voltage  (내전압)        ◆            전압아크와 절연을 통과시켜 도전하는 것이 없다, 기기의 절연부의 양단에 표가할 수 있는 최대 전압. 내전압은, 있는 전류값에 있어서의 AC전압값또는 DC전압값으로서 통상 명시됩니다.

14227    ◆         breaker cam       ◆         in an internal combustion engine, an engine-driven rotating device that opens the breaker points of the ignition system.

14228    ◆         breaking circulation        ◆         the resumption of drilling fluid, flowing down the drillpipe through the bit and up through the annulus to the surface.

14229    ◆         breaking load     ◆         the minimum load or stress that, when applied steadily, will break or fracture a certain material or member.

14230    ◆         breaking strength           ◆         the ability of a material to withstand tensile stress without breaking. Also, BREAKING CAPACITY.

14231    ◆         breaking stress   ◆         any stress, such as compression or tension, that will cause a material to rupture. Also, FAILURE STRESS, FRACTURE STRESS.

14232    ◆         breaking-drop theory      ◆        a theory, based on the separation of electric charge due to the breakup of water drops, that explains the bipolar charge distribution characteristic of thunderclouds.

14233    ◆         breakout            ◆         the process of withdrawing and disassembling equipment used in drilling a well, such as drill rods, bits, or collars.

14234    ◆         breakout block   ◆         a block of steel that fits the square of a drill bit and holds the bit while it is unscrewed from a drill collar.

14235    ◆         breakout tongs   ◆         a heavy wrench, usually mechanically actuated, used to couple or uncouple drill rods, drill pipe, casing, or drive pipe. Also, MAKEUP TONGS.

14236    ◆         breakover          ◆         in a circuit component, the transition from a forward-blocking to a forward-conducting state.

14237    ◆         breakover voltage           ◆         the value of positive anode voltage at which a circuit component changes into the conductive state.

14238    ◆         breakpoint         ◆         ㆍ an abrupt change in the slope of a mathematical relation, caused by some physical event; for example, the pressure drop-gas velocity relation for gas-liquid flow in a packed column will show a distinct change in slope at the loading point, and another abrupt change at the flooding point.an abrupt change in the slope of a mathematical relation, caused by some physical event; for example, the pressure drop-gas velocity relation for gas-liquid flow in a packed column will show a distinct change in slope at the loading point, and another abrupt change at the flooding point.

14239    ◆         Breakpoint Chlorination   ◆         Addition of chrlorine to water until the chlorine demand has been satisfied.

14240    ◆         BREAKPOINT REACTION   ◆         분기점 반응; 염소에 의한 살균은 매우 복잡한 반응을 보이는데 이를 설명할 수 있는 반응단계

14241    ◆         breakthrough     ◆         ㆍ a break in a section of filter cake that allows unfiltered fluid to pass through. Also, BREAKPOINT.a break in a section of filter cake that allows unfiltered fluid to pass through. Also, BREAKPOINT. ㆍ in certain ion-exchange systems, the initial appearance of unadsorbed ions, indicating that the resin bed is exhausted.in certain ion-exchange systems, the initial appearance of unadsorbed ions, indicating that the resin bed is exhausted.  Metallurgy. in the ion-exchange recovery of metal from solution, the point at which the first traces of metal appear in the last of a series of resin-filled stripping columns.

14242    ◆         Breakthrough     ◆         A crack or break in a filter bed that allows the passage of floc or particulate matter through a filter; will cause an increase in filter effluent turbidity.

14243    ◆         Breakthrough adsorption capacity ◆            파과 흡착능;

14244    ◆         BREAKTHROUGH POINT  ◆         파과점

14245    ◆         breather ◆         a small vent in the top of a covering or container, to allow circulation of air, escape of excess liquid or fumes, equalization of pressure, and the like. Similarly, breather pipe.

14246    ◆         breathing           ◆         ㆍ the process of ventilating a container, tank, or other closed system.the process of ventilating a container, tank, or other closed system. ㆍ in the molding of plastics, the opening and closing of a mold to permit the escape of accumulated gases. Also, DEGASSING.in the molding of plastics, the opening and closing of a mold to permit the escape of accumulated gases. Also, DEGASSING.

14247    ◆         BREATHING ZONE           ◆         호흡영역

14248    ◆         Breathing Zone   ◆         Area of air in which an organism inhales.

14249    ◆         breeching          ◆         a pipe or tubing system that conducts combustion by-products from a furnace or boiler up through a chimney.

14250    ◆         Breit-Wigner formula       ◆         a mathematical expression that defines the cross section for resonant absorption as a function of collision energy; derived from the Breit-Wigner theory.

14251    ◆         Breit-Wigner theory         ◆         a theory that explains neutron cross sections in terms of neutron absorption to form a compound nucleus at or near resonance peaks with a high probability of neutron capture. Also, DISPERSION THEORY.

14252    ◆         BRI       ◆         Building-Related Illness

14253    ◆         bridge   ◆         an atom or group of atoms that connects other atoms or groups, usually within a ring.  Horology. any of several partial plates in a timepiece that mount on the main plate and serve to cover the wheels of the trains and to bear their upper pivots.  Mining Engineering. a natural rock slab that spans a passage from wall to wall and inclines less than 45° from the horizontal.

14254    ◆         bridge circuit      ◆         a type of electrical network, circuit, or instrument that is used in electrical measurements, usually having four extremities arranged in a diamond, three with known impedances and the fourth attached to the source of unknown impedance. Also, BRIDGE.

14255    ◆         bridge oscillator  ◆         an oscillator in which positive feedback, limitation of amplitude, and frequency of oscillation are determined by a bridge circuit.

14256    ◆         bridge rectifier    ◆         a full-wave rectifier having four rectifiers in the form of a bridge, with the AC supply connected across one diagonal and the DC output taken from the other.

14257    ◆         Bridge Resistance  (다리 저항)     ◆            센서다리의 계기부의 려발전극과 마이너스 전극간으로 측정된 저항. 다리 저항은, 모든 조정 저항과 밸런스 저항으로부터 독립해 측정됩니다.

14258    ◆         bridge vibration  ◆         any mechanical vibration of a bridge or other such suspended structure that is caused by an external stimulus, as opposed to vibration from failure of the structure.

14259    ◆         bridgewall          ◆         in a furnace or boiler, a transverse wall, usually of firebrick, over which combustion by-products flow.

14260    ◆         BRIDGING          ◆         가교화  집진시 분진이 뭉치거나 서로 엉키는 현상

14261    ◆         bridging amplifier           ◆         an amplifier whose input is bridged across a transmission line and whose output provides a signal to a branching line. Its input impedance has to be high enough so it will not affect the signal level in the main transmission circuit.

14262    ◆         bridging connection        ◆         a parallel connection designed to withdraw some of the signal energy in a circuit without a noticeable effect on the normal operation of the circuit.

14263    ◆         bridging gain     ◆         the ratio between the power delivered by a transducer to a specified load impedance and the power dissipated in the reference impedance across which the input of the transducer is spanned; usually expressed in decibels.

14264    ◆         bridging loss      ◆         the reciprocal of bridging gain, the ratio between the power dissipated in the reference impedance and the power delivered by the transducer.

14265    ◆         bridled  ◆         of a device or instrument, restrained in range or motion, as by a spring mechanism.

14266    ◆         bright segment   ◆         a faint band of light appearing over the horizon just before sunrise or after sunset, caused by sunlight reflected from particulate matter in the upper atmosphere.

14267    ◆         bright spots       ◆         on a seismographic recording strip, white dots that may indicate the presence of hydrocarbons.

14268    ◆         brightness control           ◆         the control in a television receiver or other CRT device that governs the average brightness of the reproduced image.

14269    ◆         brilliance           ◆         ㆍ the degree of brightness and clarity of the image on a cathode-ray tube.the degree of brightness and clarity of the image on a cathode-ray tube. ㆍ the degree to which higher audio frequencies are produced or reproduced, as for example in a radio broadcast or the playback of a recording.the degree to which higher audio frequencies are produced or reproduced, as for example in a radio broadcast or the playback of a recording.

14270    ◆         brine     ◆         an aqueous solution, often containing sodium chloride, that is cooled and circulated in a refrigeration system.

14271    ◆         Brine Mud         ◆         Waste material, oftnen associated with well-drilling or mining, composed of mineral salts or other inorganic compounds.

14272    ◆         British Thermal Unit        ◆         Unit of heat energy equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at sea level.

14273    ◆         BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU)      ◆            열량단위 : 1 Btu = 1055.1 J = 252cal

14274    ◆         Brix degree        ◆         a unit of the Brix scale; the percentage by weight of soluble solids in a syrup at 68°F.

14275    ◆         Brix scale           ◆         a unit for sugar solutions that indicates the percentage of sugar by weight in the solution at a specific temperature; frequently used to express the sugar level of wines. (Named for the German inventor A. F. W. Brix.)

14276    ◆         broad tuning      ◆         poor selectivity in a radio receiver, so that two or more stations are audibly received at a single dial setting.

14277    ◆         broad-band amplifier      ◆         an amplifier having essentially flat response over a wide range of frequencies.

14278    ◆         broad-band klystron        ◆         a klystron having three or more resonant cavities that are loaded externally and stagger-tuned to broaden the bandwidth.

14279    ◆         Broadcast Application      ◆         The spreading of pesticides over an entire area.

14280    ◆         brominating agent          ◆         any compound that can be used to insert a bromine atom into a molecule, e.g., phosphorus tribromide, PBr3.

14281    ◆         BROMINE CHLORIDE       ◆         브롬화염소

14282    ◆         bromine number ◆         the number that indicates the degree of unsaturation of an oil, determined by the number of centigrams of bromine that are absorbed by one gram of oil. Also, BROMINE VALUE

14283    ◆         bromine test      ◆         a laboratory test to determine unsaturated hydrocarbons found in crude oil by mixing a sample with bromine and measuring the absorption rate.

14284    ◆         bromine trifluoride          ◆         BrF3, a colorless to yellowish liquid, very reactive and corrosive, that decomposes violently on contact with water; melts at 8.8°C and boils at 135°C; used as a fluorinating agent and electrolytic solvent.

14285    ◆         Bromomethane의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆        

14286    ◆         Bromomethane의 특성 및 방제방법            ◆         주최 : 국립환경 연구원

14287    ◆         Bronsted-Lowry theory    ◆         the theory that any molecule or ion that can produce a proton is an acid, and any that can take up a proton is a base. Thus all reactions between acid and base are simply the transfer of a proton from one base to another. Also, Bronsted theory

14288    ◆         brontides           ◆         the short-lived rumbling sounds from the earth that can be heard in active seismic regions.

14289    ◆         brown acid        ◆         oil-soluble petroleum sulfonate found in sludge after petroleum products are treated with sulfuric acid.

14290    ◆         Brownfields        ◆         Abandoned, idled, or under used industrial and commercial facilities/sites where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination. They can be in urban, or rural areas. EPA's Brownfields initiative helps communities mitigate potential health risks and restore the economic viability of such areas or properties.

14291    ◆         BROWNIAN MOTION      ◆         브라운 운동

14292    ◆         brown-ring test  ◆         a test for the nitrate ion using a solution of sample and dilute ferrous sulfate layered on top of concentrated sulfuric acid; a brown ring between the layers indicates a positive test.

14293    ◆         BRS       ◆         Bibliographic Retrieval Service

14294    ◆         Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation   ◆            an equation that determines the adsorption rate of a film more than one molecule thick; it computes the surface area of the monolayer or top layer. Also, BET EQUATION.

14295    ◆         brush encoder    ◆         an encoder that converts positional information to digitally encoded data, using brushes that make contact with conductive segments on a moving surface.

14296    ◆         BS        ◆         bottom settlings, the emulsions of oil, water, and mud that settle out of crude oil in storage tanks.

14297    ◆         BSI        ◆         British Standards Institute

14298    ◆         BSO      ◆         Benzene Soluble Organics

14299    ◆         BTEX     ◆         (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene)        벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌을 총칭하며, 비등점이 낮은 납사, 휘발유, 벤젠, 톨루엔 에틸벤젠, 크실렌을 저장하고 있는 시설에 대한 토양오염도 검사 항목임.

14300    ◆         BTEX     ◆         Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene을 혼합하여 지칭하는 용어