환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 30201-30300

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 30201-30300

번호                  용어                  해설

30201    ◆         V belt    ◆         an endless belt having a V-shaped cross section; used with an extension pulley.

30202    ◆         V guide ◆         a V-shaped groove that guides a wedge-shaped element, such as a belt or chain.

30203    ◆         VAC3D   ◆         SOILVENT : Soil Venting Model

30204    ◆         vacuum brake     ◆         an air brake in which low pressure is maintained in the actuating cylinder, which is opened on one side to allow atmospheric pressure to apply the brake.

30205    ◆         vacuum capacitor            ◆         a capacitor in which the metal plates or cylinders are enclosed in a vacuum envelope in order to increase the breakdown voltage.

30206    ◆         vacuum cleaner  ◆         an electrically powered mechanical device that removes and collects dry dirt and dust from a surface by means of a suction fan that creates a partial vacuum within the machine, so that the resulting rush of outside air sucks up the waste material into a bag or container.

30207    ◆         vacuum condensing point            ◆            the temperature at which a vaporized solid condenses in a vacuum during a sublimation process.

30208    ◆         vacuum crystallizer          ◆         a crystallizer consisting of a closed vacuum vessel into which a warm, saturated solution is fed, then evaporates and cools adiabatically, resulting in crystallization.

30209    ◆         vacuum distillation          ◆         a distillation performed below atmospheric pressure, but not as low as that for molecular distillation; used for distilling high-boiling-point and heat-sensitive materials such as the heavy distillates in petroleum.

30210    ◆         vacuum envelope            ◆         an airtight glass envelope used, for example, to hold the electrodes in an electron tube.

30211    ◆         vacuum fermentation      ◆         a fermentation system that was developed for the continuous production of ethanol and other volatile materials; reduced pressure allows the volatile material to leave the reactor continuously in the form of exhaust gas.

30212    ◆         Vacuum filtration ◆         진공여과; 슬러지 탈수방법

30213    ◆         vacuum flashing ◆         the intense vaporization or flashing of a heated liquid when released to a lower pressure or vacuum.

30214    ◆         VACUUM FLOATATION     ◆         진공부상분리

30215    ◆         vacuum fluorescent lamp ◆         an evacuated display tube having anodes that are coated with a phosphor that glows when struck by electrons from the cathode to create a display.

30216    ◆         vacuum heating  ◆         a steam-heating system in which a vacuum pump induces a pressure gradient to start a return flow of air in the return pipes.

30217    ◆         vacuum pan       ◆         a sealed apparatus that controls the crystallization of solids from liquids by lowering the pressure within the sealed container.

30218    ◆         vacuum pan salt ◆         a salt produced by boiling salt brine in a triple-effect evaporator at reduced pressure.

30219    ◆         vacuum phototube          ◆         a phototube that has been evacuated so that its electrical characteristics are essentially unaffected by gaseous ionization.

30220    ◆         Vacuum sewers   ◆         진공식 하수관거; 진공펌프에 의한 구조를 가진 관거

30221    ◆         vacuum support ◆         the part of a rupture disk device that prevents disk deformation in case of a rapid pressure change.

30222    ◆         vacuum thermobalance    ◆         a test apparatus consisting of a precision balance and a furnace; used to record changes in weight as a function of temperature.

30223    ◆         vacuum tube      ◆         an electron tube that has been evacuated so that its electrical characteristics are essentially unaffected by the presence of residual gas or vapor.

30224    ◆         VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET    ◆         진공 자외선

30225    ◆         vacuum ultraviolet radiation         ◆            ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths less than about 200 nanometers; so-called because at shorter wavelengths the radiation is strongly absorbed by most gases.

30226    ◆         Vacuum-assisted drying beds       ◆            진공건조상; 슬러지 탈수방법의 하나인 건조상의 종류

30227    ◆         vacuum-tube amplifier     ◆         an amplifier in which one or more vacuum tubes are used.

30228    ◆         vacuum-tube clipping circuit        ◆            a clipping circuit that utilizes a vacuum tube to produce the clipping.

30229    ◆         vacuum-tube electrometer           ◆            an electrometer in which a special vacuum triode, having an input resistance above 10 gigohms, amplifies the ionization current in an ionization chamber.

30230    ◆         vacuum-tube modulator  ◆         a modulator utilizing a vacuum tube as the modulating element for impressing an intelligence signal on a carrier.

30231    ◆         vacuum-tube oscillator    ◆         a circuit utilizing a vacuum tube to convert direct current to alternating current at the desired frequency.

30232    ◆         vacuum-tube rectifier      ◆         a circuit that converts alternating current to direct current using one or more vacuum tubes.

30233    ◆         VADOSE ZONE   ◆         비포화 지하수 유역(지표와 지하수의 수위 사이)

30234    ◆         Vadose Zone      ◆         The zone between land surface and the water table within which the moisture content is less than saturation (except in the capillay fringe) and pressure is less than atmospheric. Soil pore space also typically contains air or other gases. The capillary fringe is included in the vadose zone. (See: Unsaturated Zone.)

30235    ◆         VAL       ◆         진동 가속도 레벨,  Vibration acceleration level

30236    ◆         valence  ◆         a number indicating the combining power of one atom with others; that is, the number of other atoms with which it can combine.

30237    ◆         valence bond      ◆         a bond that forms between electrons from two or more different atoms.

30238    ◆         valence transition            ◆         a change that takes place in the orbits of rare-earth or actinide atoms under certain conditions.

30239    ◆         valence-bond method      ◆         a method of calculating various molecular behaviors and properties according to the valence-bond theory.

30240    ◆         valence-bond theory       ◆         a theory stating that the phenomenon of bond formation is the result of two adjacent molecules having one or more shared electron pairs and a suitable interaction or overlap of specific electron orbitals.

30241    ◆         VALLEY  ◆         Meteorological MOdel to Calculate Concentrations on Elevated Terrian

30242    ◆         valley attenuation            ◆         the attenuation at the bottom of the ripples (the higher of the two limits of attenuation) in a filter with the attenuation in the pass-band varying in a ripple fashion between an upper and a lower limit.

30243    ◆         VALUATION        ◆         가치평가 : 모든 적절한 영향변수들을 상대적 중요성에 따라 가중치를 부여하는것을 말함

30244    ◆         Valued Environmental Attributes/Components    ◆         Those aspects (components/processes/functions) of ecosystems, human health, and environmental welfare considered to be important and potentially at risk from human activity or natural hazards. Similar to the term Avalued environmental components@ used in environmental impact assessment.

30245    ◆         valve　 socket ( 밸브소켓트)         ◆            밸브와 염화비닐 파이프를 접속하는데 사용하는 이음새. 방단이 수컷 나사타끝이 가리기입이 되고 있다.

30246    ◆         Van Allen belt     ◆         either of two regions surrounding the earth and located in the upper atmosphere, containing high concentrations of charged particles that have been captured by the earth's geomagnetic field; also known (especially formerly) as the Van Allen radiation belt.

30247    ◆         Van de Graaff accelerator ◆         a particle accelerator that receives the required high voltage from a Van de Graaf generator.

30248    ◆         Van de Graaff generator  ◆         an electrostatic generator in which high voltages are produced by a moving belt of insulating material that collects electric charges by induction and discharges them inside a large spherical electrode; used for accelerating electrons, protons, and other nuclear particles.

30249    ◆         Van Deemter rate theory  ◆         the theory that HETP (height equivalent of theoretical plate) depends on flow velocity.

30250    ◆         Van der Pol oscillator      ◆         a relaxation oscillator that uses a pentode and generates a sawtooth wave.  Physics. any vibrational system whose equation of motion is of the form d2x/dt2 + [-dx/dt + (1/3)(dx/dt)3] + x = 0.

30251    ◆         VAN DER WAALS            ◆         VAN DER 힘

30252    ◆         van der Waals adsorption ◆            adsorption that arises from van der Waals forces; it generally takes place at relatively low temperatures, involves gases that liquefy easily, and reverses itself once pressure is reduced.

30253    ◆         van der Waals covolume  ◆         the constant in the van der Waals equation that corrects for the nonnegligible size of the molecules.

30254    ◆         van der Waals equation   ◆         an equation of state that describes the behavior of real or nonideal gases by using two corrective terms that take into account the size of the molecules and the forces between them: the term representing the repulsive forces is satisfactory only in the limit of low densities and overestimates their effect at high densities; the term representing the attractive forces is well founded in theory.

30255    ◆         van der Waals force(s)     ◆         a general term for those forces of attraction between atoms or molecules that are not the result of chemical bond formation or simple ionic attraction; i.e., the relatively brief and weak interactions that neutral, chemically saturated molecules experience, such as dipole-dipole forces.

30256    ◆         VAN DER WAALS FORCES WITHIN FILTER            ◆         반델발스력; 입상여재 여과지내에서 부유물질제거에 기여하는 메카니즘

30257    ◆         Vanadirm           ◆         바나디움은 하얀색 혹은 회색 금속처럼 자연에서 일어날 수 있는 화합물이다. 그리고 크리스탈에서 자주 발생할 수 있다, 순수한 바나디움은 냄새를 가지지않는다. 자주 산소, sodium, 황, 클로라이드와 같은 각각의 요소로서 연관되어 있다. 바나디움과 바나디움 화합물은 지구의 껍데기에서 발생할 수 있으며, 혹은 바위, 몇몇 철광석, 혹은 자연의 석유 침전물등에서 발생할 수 있다. 바나디움은 자주 합금이라고 불리는 독특한 금속 혼합물을 만드는 다른 금속과 결합한다. 산화 바나디움의 형태로서의 바나디움은 자동차 부분, 스프링, 볼베어링으로 이용할 수 있는 강철의 독특한 종류로서의 복합물이다. 미국에서 사용되는 대부분의 바나디움은 강철을 만들곤 한다. 산화 바나디움은 노란 오랜지색 분말, 어두운 회색 조각, 노란색 크리스탈로 되어 있다. 바나디움은 비행기의 엔진을 위한 중요한 부분으로 만드는 철과 함께 섞는다.

30258    ◆         vanadium           ◆         a rare element having the symbol V, the atomic number 23, an atomic weight of 50.942, a melting point of 1900°C, and a boiling point of about 3000°C; occurring in certain minerals and obtained as a light-gray powder with a silvery luster or as a ductile metal; used in making alloys that toughen and increase the shock resistance of steel, as in automobile parts. (From a variation of the name of Freya, a goddess associated with love and fertility in Scandinavian mythology.)

30259    ◆         vane      ◆         a flat or curved surface that moves when exposed to a flow of fluid and rechannels the flow.

30260    ◆         vane　 pump  (  베인펌프 )        ◆            펌프 포장그안에 내접하는 회전아이가 회전해 액체를 억지내는 회전 펌프의 일종. 펌프 본체의 중심과 하네차 의 중심이 조금 어긋나고 있어, 베인이라고 불리우는 수매의  판자가 원심력에 의해 포장그내면에 밀착하면서  회전해, 액체를 입구에서 출구로(에게) 보냄낸다. 비교적점성이 있는 액체의 송액에 이용된다. 구조상입자의 발 생이 많다. 과거에는 흡인 가압 펌프로서 사용된 일도 있다.

30261    ◆         VANE AXIAL FAN ◆         고정날개 축류형 송풍기 : 축류 송풍기의 유형

30262    ◆         vane-anode magnetron    ◆         a magnetron containing plane-parallel walls between adjacent cavities.

30263    ◆         van't Hoff equation         ◆         an equation that accounts for the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant in a gaseous reaction when pressure remains constant. Also, van't Hoff isochore.

30264    ◆         van't Hoff isotherm         ◆         an equation that shows the change in free energy during a chemical reaction

30265    ◆         vapor    ◆         a gas whose temperature is less than the critical temperature, so that it may be liquefied or solidified by compression at constant temperature; i.e., a dispersion in air of molecules of a substance that is a liquid or a solid in its normal state, such as water vapor.

30266    ◆         Vapor Capture System     ◆         Any combination of hoods and ventilation system that captures or contains organic vapors so they may be directed to an abatement or recovery device.

30267    ◆         Vapor Dispersion ◆         The movement of vapor clouds in air due to wind, thermal action, gravity spreading, and mixing.

30268    ◆         Vapor Plumes     ◆         Flue gases visble because they contain water droplets.

30269    ◆         Vapor pressure   ◆         증기압;

30270    ◆         Vapor Prssure     ◆         A measure of a substance's propensity to evaporate, vapor pressure is the force per unit area exerted by vapor in an eqilibrium state with an increase in temperature. A relative measure of chemical volatility, vapor pressure is used to calculate water partition coefficients and volatilization rate constants.

30271    ◆         vapor rate          ◆         the rate of vapor flowing through a contacting device, such as upward through a distillation column.

30272    ◆         vapor volume equivalent  ◆         the volume of vapor that would be equivalent to a specific volume of liquid under designated standard conditions, from which the specific gravity of fluids recovered from gas-condensate wells may be determined.

30273    ◆         vapor-compression cycle  ◆         a complete cooling cycle in which the refrigerant is first made to boil, producing a cooling effect, and then recompressed into its liquid state.

30274    ◆         vaporize ◆         ㆍ to cause to change into a vapor.to cause to change into a vapor. ㆍ to become converted into vapor.to become converted into vapor.

30275    ◆         vaporizer           ◆         a vessel or still in which liquid is heated until it vaporizes; the heat may be direct, as with hot gases or submerged combustion, or indirect, as with heat-transfer fluid or steam.

30276    ◆         vapor-liquid separation    ◆         the process of removing liquid droplets from a flowing stream of vapor or gas by cyclonic action, impingement, and adsorption or absorption procedures.

30277    ◆         VAPOR-LOCK      ◆         증기 폐쇄현상

30278    ◆         vapor-phase reactor        ◆         a heavy vessel of steel construction, used for conducting chemical reactions on an industrial level when reliable control over a vapor phase is required, as in a process of oxidation.

30279    ◆         vapor-pressure lowering   ◆         the effect of a reduction in vapor pressure on the properties of a system, expressed as the difference between the vapor pressure of a pure solvent and the total vapor pressure over a solution of a nonvolatile solute.

30280    ◆         vapor-pressure osmometer           ◆            an instrument that determines molecular weight by measuring the decrease in vapor pressure of a solvent when a soluble sample is introduced.

30281    ◆         varactor ◆         a P-N semiconductor diode whose variable capacitance depends upon the applied voltage; used as a variable-reactance tuning element in oscillator and amplifier circuits, including parametric amplifiers. Also, varactor diode.

30282    ◆         varactor tuning   ◆         the process of using an inductor and a varactor to obtain the desired frequency when tuning a circuit or adjusting the frequency of an oscillator.

30283    ◆         variable attenuator          ◆         an attenuator whose attenuation can be varied in steps or in a continuous manner; the term usually implies that the iterative impedance of the attenuator remains substantially constant for all attenuation values.

30284    ◆         variable diode function generator  ◆            a circuit that can be adjusted to produce a piecewise-linear approximation to a given nonlinear function that relates output and input levels. The circuit is made of diodes and variable resistors of potentiometers that allow independent setting of the break points and the slopes of the linear portions.

30285    ◆         variable force     ◆         a force that over time varies in direction or magnitude, or in both.

30286    ◆         VARIABLE RATE FILTRATION          ◆            변속여과; 시간에 따라 손실수두가 증가함에 따라 여과지 통과유속이 통과유속을 조절

30287    ◆         variable speech control    ◆         the removal at regular intervals of small portions of speech from a tape recording, so that the remaining sounds may be stretched to fill the gaps and the playback speed may be increased without pitch changes or significant loss of intelligibility.

30288    ◆         variable-bandwidth filter  ◆         a filter whose bandwidth can be changed without changing the center frequency.

30289    ◆         variable-mu tube ◆         an electron tube whose amplification factor varies in a predefined manner with control-grid voltage.

30290    ◆         variable-pitch propeller    ◆         a propeller whose blade angle can be set to any angle within a given range.

30291    ◆         variable-reluctance transducer      ◆            a transducer in which a particular quantity of magnetic material is moved between two coils by the displacement being monitored; this changes the reluctance of the coil, causing the change of impedance.

30292    ◆         variable-speed drive        ◆         a mechanism that transmits motion from one shaft to another, allowing the velocity ratio of the shafts to be varied continuously.

30293    ◆         variable-speed scanning   ◆         a scanning method in which the deflection speed of the scanning beam in the cathode-ray tube of a television camera is determined by the optical density of the film being scanned.

30294    ◆         variable-transconductance circuit  ◆            a circuit that uses a simple differential transistor pair; one transistor controls the device's gain and the other amplifies the first's input.

30295    ◆         Variable-volume, recessed plate filter press            ◆         가변체적판 여과기; 가압여과장치

30296    ◆         Variance ◆         Government permission for a delay or exception in the application of a given law, ordinance, or regulation.

30297    ◆         variation of latitude         ◆         the small, periodic changes in the astronomical latitude of points on the earth caused by polar wandering.

30298    ◆         variation per day ◆         the changes in any of the various geophysical quantities that occur over the period of one day. Similarly, variation per hour, variation per minute

30299    ◆         variational principle         ◆         any of various principles formulated to account for the observation that when a physical process takes place, certain important quantities tend to have little variation from a minimum or maximum value; e.g., Hamilton's principle. Also, variation principle.

30300    ◆         Varignon's theorem         ◆         the statement that the moment of the sum of a set of concurrent forces about a point is equal to the sum of the moments of each individual force about that point.