환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 30001-30100

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 30001-30100

번호                  용어                  해설

30001    ◆         UCDA    ◆         우루사 데소시 콜리산  웅담에서 채출되는 산으로 담석증, 간질환 치료에 광범위하게 사용됨

30002    ◆         UCL      ◆         Upper Control Limit

30003    ◆         UCT process       ◆         UCT 공정; 생물학적 질소, 인 동시제거 공정

30004    ◆         UDMH   ◆         Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine

30005    ◆         UEL       ◆         Upper Explosive Limit

30006    ◆         UF        ◆         Uncertainty Factor

30007    ◆         UFL       ◆         Upper Flammability Limit

30008    ◆         ug/m3   ◆         Microgrms Per Cubic Meter

30009    ◆         UIC       ◆         Underground Injection Control

30010    ◆         UK centre for economic and environmental devopment            ◆         영국경제환경개발연구소

30011    ◆         UK Nature Conservancy Councile  (NCC)            ◆         영국자연보호협의회

30012    ◆         ULEV     ◆         Ultra Low Emission Vehicles

30013    ◆         ultimate analysis ◆         the determination of the percentage of elements contained in a chemical substance.

30014    ◆         ultimate recovery            ◆         the estimated total volume of oil or gas that a reservoir will yield during its productive lifetime.

30015    ◆         ultimate strength ◆         the highest stress that a material can withstand before it fractures or fails.

30016    ◆         Ultra Clean Coal (UCC)     ◆         Coal that is washed, ground into fine particles, then chemically treated to remove sulfur, ash, silicone, and other substances; usually briquetted and coated with a sealant made from coal.

30017    ◆         ultra pure water   ( 초순수 )       ◆            엄하게 품질 관리된 이온교환 수지, 활성탄, 멘브렌필터, UF, UV등을 편성해 처리되고, 직립  TOC 값이 매우  적고, 비저항값17MΩ · cm이상의 순수한 물을 말한다.

30018    ◆         ULTRA SOUND   ◆         초음파 : 20,000Hz 를 넘는 주파수의 음

30019    ◆         ultra-audion circuit         ◆         a regenerative detector in which an electron tube serves as the active element, a tank circuit provides positive feedback between the control grid and the anode, and a trimmer capacitor between the anode and cathode controls the amount of regeneration.

30020    ◆         ultra-audion oscillator     ◆         an electron-tube, ultra-audion circuit that resembles a Colpitts oscillator and uses interelectrode capacitances within the tube to sustain oscillations.

30021    ◆         ultrafiltration      ◆         the process of separating colloidal or molecular particles by filtration, using suction or pressure, by means of a colloidal filter or semipermeable membrane.

30022    ◆         ultrafiltration fermenter   ◆         a continuous fermenter that is run in conjunction with a continuous ultrafiltration system; the result is a reduction of feedback inhibition as low-molecular-weight product is continuously removed.

30023    ◆         ultrafiltration membrane (한외여과막)            ◆         분자량 수백 ∼ 수백만 정도의 용질또는 입자를 여과에 의해 분리하기 위해서 이용하는 막.

30024    ◆         ultraphotic rays  ◆         electromagnetic radiation outside of the visible part of the spectrum.

30025    ◆         ULTRASONIC (DOPPLER)  ◆         도플러식 초음파; 수처리시설에서 사용되는 유량측정 장치

30026    ◆         ULTRASONIC (TRANSMISSION)     ◆            전달식 초음파; 수처리시설에서 사용되는 유량측정 장치

30027    ◆         ultrasonic atomizer         ◆         an atomizer that forces the flow of liquid over a surface vibrating at ultrasonic frequencies.

30028    ◆         ultrasonic camera           ◆         a device used in medicine to detect anomalies in living tissue; ultrasonic waves are directed through the area under study and are converted to equivalent instantaneous voltage values, which are then fed to a monitor to intensity-modulate the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube for viewing.

30029    ◆         ultrasonic cell disintegration         ◆            a method used to disrupt cells by bombarding them with ultrasonic waves.

30030    ◆         ultrasonic delay line        ◆         the passage of sound through a material such as barium titanate or mercury to induce a delay in signal processing.

30031    ◆         ultrasonic drilling            ◆         a vibration-drilling technique in which the compression and extension of a core of electromagnetic material in a rapidly alternating electromagnetic field generates ultrasonic vibrations. Thus,ultrasonic drill.

30032    ◆         ultrasonic flaw detector   ◆         a device that processes time differences between transmission of ultrasonic waves and reception of their echoes to locate minute flaws in a metal surface or casting

30033    ◆         ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY            ◆            초음파주파수

30034    ◆         ultrasonic imaging device ◆         a device used in medicine for the three-dimensional imaging of a human body or portion of the body, using transmission and reception characteristics of sound waves to form an image.

30035    ◆         ultrasonic machining       ◆         the removal of material with an ultrasonically vibrated abrasive suspension.

30036    ◆         ultrasonic medical tomography     ◆            the use of ultrasonic sound transmissions in the human body and reception of reflected sound to form a visual image of parts of the body, using techniques such as A mode, B mode, and C mode.

30037    ◆         ultrasonic radiation         ◆         high-frequency acoustic waves that can be created by disturbances of a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducer for a specific purpose, such as medical tomography or acoustic microscopy.

30038    ◆         ULTRASONIC VELOCITY    ◆         초음파 속도 : 강성파로 정상청력을 갖는 사람이 청감각을 일으키지 않는 큰 주파수의 이동속도

30039    ◆         ultrasonics         ◆         the study and use of sound waves having frequencies beyond the normal limit of human hearing (approximately 20,000 hertz).

30040    ◆         ultraviolet lamp  ◆         a lamp that is specifically designed to produce radiation in the ultraviolet range.

30041    ◆         Ultraviolet Rays   ◆         Radiation from the sun that can be useful or potentially harmful. UV rays from one part of the spectrum (UV-A) enhance plant life. UV rays from other parts of the spectrum (UV-B) can cause skin cancer or other tissue damage. The ozone layer in the atmosphere partly shields us from ultraviolet rays reaching the earth's surface.

30042    ◆         ultraviolet visualization    ◆         a method that detects the position of nucleic acids and other compounds that absorb ultraviolet light on paper, gel, or thin-layer chromatograms.

30043    ◆         UMTRCA            ◆         Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act

30044    ◆         UN INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY          ◆         UN기관 국제화학물질안정성평가

30045    ◆         UNAMAP           ◆         User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution

30046    ◆         unamplified back bias     ◆         the negative feedback voltage developed in an amplifier's fast time constant circuits.

30047    ◆         unblanking pulse            ◆         a pulse applied to a cathode-ray tube to activate the cathode-ray beam in order to make the trace on the screen visible during the time of the sweep.

30048    ◆         UNCCD  ◆         심각한 한발 또는 사막화를 겪고 있는 아프리카 지역 국가 등 일부 국가들의 사막화 방지를 위한 유엔협약(약칭: 유엔사막화방지 협약). 1994채택, 1996 발효. 1992년 브라질 리우에서 개최된 유엔 환경개발회의UNCED) 에서 추진을 받아 작성되었으므로, 보통 리우협약의 하나로 일컬어진다.

30049    ◆         UNCED  ◆         유엔환경개발회의  United nations conference on environment and development

30050    ◆         Uncertainty Factor           ◆         One of several factors used in calculating the reference dose from experimental data. UFs are intended to account for (1) the variation in sensitivity among humans; (2) the uncertainty in extrapolating animal data to humans; (3) the uncertainty in extrapolating data obtained in a study that covers less than the full life of the exposed animal or human; and (4) the uncertainty in using LOAEL data rather than NOAEL data.

30051    ◆         Unconfined Aquifer         ◆         An aquifer containing water that is not under pressure; the water level in a well is the same as the water table outside the well. Underground Injection Control (UIC): The program under the Safe Drinking Water Act that regulates the use of wells to pump fluids into the ground.

30052    ◆         Unconfined gas injection systems ◆            한정되지 않은 가스 주입 장치; 고율 혐기성소화조 교반에 사용되는 장치

30053    ◆         UNCONTROLLABLE OR CONTROLLED BY OTHERS ◆         통제력에 의해

30054    ◆         UNCOUNTED FOR WATER            ◆            무수수량

30055    ◆         UNCOUPLED      ◆         비연성(소)

30056    ◆         uncoupling agent           ◆         a compound that breaks the electron transport chain during various key biological processes such as phosphorylation and photosynthesis.

30057    ◆         UNCSD  ◆         유엔 지속개발위원회  United nations commission on sustainable development

30058    ◆         UNDAMPED       ◆         비감쇠(소)

30059    ◆         underbunching   ◆         in a velocity-modulation electron tube, whose operation depends on the phenomenon of electron-bunching, the condition in which the quantity of electrons within the bunches is less than that required for best operation.

30060    ◆         undercarriage     ◆         the supporting framework of a vehicle, located beneath the chassis.

30061    ◆         UNDERDAMPED  ◆         부족감쇠(소)

30062    ◆         UNDERDRAINS   ◆         하부배수장치, 암거

30063    ◆         underdrive press ◆         a press in which the driving mechanism is contained within or under the bed.

30064    ◆         UNDER-FIRE AIR ◆         화격자 아래; 폐기물소각처리시설에서의 화격자 아래를 지칭

30065    ◆         UNDERGROUND AQUIFER           ◆            지하대수층

30066    ◆         UNDERGROUND DAM     ◆         지하댐

30067    ◆         Underground Injection Wells        ◆            Steel- and concrete-encased shafts into which hazardous waste is deposited by force and under pressure.

30068    ◆         Underground Sources of Drinking Water            ◆         Aquifers currently being used as a source of drinking water or those capable of supplying a public water system. They have a total dissolved solids content of 10,000 milligrams per liter or less, and are not exempted aquifers. (See: exempted aquifer.) Underground Storage Tank (UST): A tank located at least partially underground and designed to hold gasoline or other petroleum products or chemicals.

30069    ◆         undershot wheel ◆         a vertical waterwheel that is driven by water pushing against the blades set into its circumference.

30070    ◆         underspin          ◆         ㆍ a spinning motion imparted to a ball or other projectile, causing it to rotate backward; the opposite of topspin or overspin.a spinning motion imparted to a ball or other projectile, causing it to rotate backward; the opposite of topspin or overspin. ㆍ the condition occurring when a projectile has an insufficient rate of spin to produce proper stabilization.the condition occurring when a projectile has an insufficient rate of spin to produce proper stabilization.

30071    ◆         underwater acoustics       ◆         the study of acoustic energy in a water environment, normally the ocean or a simulation of an oceanographic area.

30072    ◆         underwater sound projector         ◆            an electroacoustical element that converts electromagnetic waves into acoustic energy for underwater transmission.

30073    ◆         Underwood chart            ◆         a graphical solution of mass balances for each equilibrium stage in computing an operation for the extraction of a solvent.

30074    ◆         Underwood distillation method     ◆            a procedure for computing liquid separations from binary distillation systems conducted at partial reflux.

30075    ◆         UNDP(United Nations Development Programme)       ◆         국제연합개발계획 [UNDP, United Nations Development Programme] 개발도상국의 경제적·사회적 개발을 촉진하기 위한 기술원조를 제공하기 위해 설립되었다. 1949년 설립된 국제연합기술원조확대계획과 1958년 설립된 국제연합특별기금과 국제연합의 자체 정규예산에 의해 행하는 개별적 원조의 세 가지가 통합되어 1965년 1월 발족되었습니다. 집행이사회, 기관 간 자문위원회, 행정처로 조직되어 있다. 집행이사회는 사업계획을 심의하고 승인하며, 경제사회이사회에서 선출된 임기 3년의 36개국으로 구성됩니다. 기관 간 자문회의는 사무총장과 UNDP사업 집행기구인 FAO(국제연합식량농업기구)·ILO(국제노동기구) 등 12개 기구의 집행책임자로 구성되며 사업관리에 대한 일반적 자문, 사업기관의 선정, 주재관의 임명 등에 관한 조언 등을 합니다.

30076    ◆         undulator          ◆         an experimental device used to impart an undulating course to a stream of relativistic electrons in a linear accelerator by passing between pairs of magnetic poles of alternating polarity, causing them to emit microwave radiation. Also, MOTZ UNDULATOR.

30077    ◆         UNECE  ◆         United Nations Economic Commision for Europe

30078    ◆         UNEP    ◆         유엔환경계획기구 : 1972년 채택된 스톡홀름선언을 바탕으로 설립된 환경에 관한 유엔공식 국제기구로서 유엔산하에 1973년 창설되었음

30079    ◆         UNEP    ◆         United Nations Environmen Program

30080    ◆         UNEP (유엔환경계획)       ◆            UNEP(United Nation Environment Programme : 유엔환경계획)- 유엔 산하기구의 하나로 환경분야의 국제협력 증진과 세계 환경상태의 지속적 검토 및 평가를 위해 지난 72년 설립됐으며 환경관련 정보수집 및 교환 등의  활동을 하고 있다.         본부는 케냐 나이로비에 있으며 우리나라도 집행이사국으로 활동하고 있다.          UNEP는 미국, 영국, 일본 등에 민간조직으로 국가 위원회를 두고 있으며 우리나라도 96년 세계에서 13번째로 국가위원회를 출범시켰다.

30081    ◆         UNEP-GEF 국가 바이오안전성 체계구축사업         ◆         유엔환경계획(UNEP)은 지구환경금융(GEF)의 자금지원을 통하여 전 세계 100개 국가를 대상으로 ‘국가 바이오안전성 관리체계 (National Biosafety Framework, NBF) 구축 사업’을 실시하고 있다. 우리나라는 2002년 3월에 ‘한국의 바이오안전성 관리체계 구축’에 대한 과제제안서를 UNEP에 제출하여 과제수행에 대한 승인을 얻었으며 2002년 7월부터 18개월 계획으로 본 과제를 수행해 오고 있다. 2002년 12월말 현재까지 본 과제수행에 필요한 기초자료 및 정보를 수집함과 더불어 국가과제 조정위원회를 구성하였고 2차례의 회의를 통하여 과제의 진행계획을 논의, 결정하였다.        또한 국내 전문가집단 및 기술자문위원단을 구성하여 과제의 진행에 따른 의견을 청취하였으며 이를 바탕으로 과제수행의 세부사항과 최종보고서의 목차 등을 확정하였다. 본 과제는 앞으로 진행될 기술자문의 청취, 산, 학, 연, 관, 민의 5개 분야 당사자 워크숍 개최 및 위탁과제 등의 세부사업들을 통하여 바이오안전성과 관련된 법과 행정, 위해성 평가 및 공공참여에 대한 국가체계를 정비, 보완하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

30082    ◆         UNEP-GEF 잔류성유해화학물질에 관한 지역실태 평가사업 ◆         유엔환경계획(UNEP) 및 지구환경금융(GEF) 사업으로 2001년 3월부터 2002년 12월까지 추진된 「잔류성유해화학물질(PTS)의 지역실태평가사업」에 참여한 국립환경연구원은 우리나라, 일본 등 중앙, 북동아시아 지역의 환경오염현황, 오염원, 생태 및 인체에 미치는 영향/이동현상 등을 종합분석하고 수 차례의 지역전문가 회의를 통해 이 지역의 우선 관리물질로서 다이옥신, PCB, PAHs 등을 선정하였으며, 각 국의 정책입안자, 산업체, NGO 등이 참석한 「우선 실천사항선정회의」를 통해 이를 종합, 확정 했다고 밝혔다.        지역 실태조사결과 현재 이 지역에서는 우리나라와 일본의 협력사업이 유일하며, 향후 한, 일 양국의 지도와 협력을 근간으로 한 지역협력의 확대가 필요한 것으로 지적 되었으며, PTS를 관리하기 위한 재원 및 기술확보, 전문인력 및 교육확대, 일반인들의 인식제고를 위한 노력이 특히 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 사업 결과는 선정된 물질의 효율적 관리를 위한 UNEP 등 국제기구의 활동을 적극 인지하여, PTS 관련자료의 수집, 분석, 평가를 통해 환경오염도 및 영향에 관한 적정 관리체계 마련 및 효율적인 관리 방안 구축에 기여할 것이다. 「잔류성유해화학물질 지역실태평가사업」지역보고서는 2002년 12월 UNEP에 제출되어 종합보고서(Global Report) 작성의 기초자료로 활용될 것이며, 향우 각 지역의 우선 실천사항에 대한 지침을 제시할 것이다.        이 사업에 참여한 국가는 한국, 중국, 일본, 북한, 러시아, 카자흐스탄, 키르지스탄, 몽고, 타지키스탄, 투르크메니스탄, 우즈베키스탄이다. 관련 보고서는 국립환경연구원 홈페이지 (www.nier.go.kr) 및 UNEP 홈페이지 (www.chem.unep.ch/pts)에 게재되어 있다.

30083    ◆         unfired pressure vessel    ◆         a pressure vessel or container not directly exposed to a heating flame.

30084    ◆         unfired tube       ◆         a transmit-receive tube in a radar set with no visible glow discharge to indicate that it is firing.

30085    ◆         uniaxial crystal   ◆         a crystal having one direction along which the wave-normal velocity for monochromatic light is constant, so that no double refraction results. Such a crystal has two principal refractive indices and is tetragonal, hexagonal, or rhombohedral.

30086    ◆         uniaxial indicatrix            ◆         the ellipsoid illustrating the variation of the refractive indices of a uniaxial crystal for light waves of a given wavelength in their direction of vibration. One axis represents the refractive index of the extraordinary ray, and the other two axes perpendicular to it represent the refractive indices of the ordinary ray. Also, uniaxial indicators.

30087    ◆         uniaxial stress     ◆         a state of stress in which only one of the principal stresses is nonzero.

30088    ◆         unidirectional pulses       ◆         a set of electrical pulses that all have the same pulse polarity.

30089    ◆         unidirectional transducer ◆         a transducer that transmits signals in one direction only.

30090    ◆         uniflow engine   ◆         a steam-driven engine in which steam enters the cylinder through valves and exits through holes that are uncovered as the piston completes its stroke; it is designed to eliminate initial condensation.

30091    ◆         uniform circular motion   ◆         the motion of an object around a fixed point or axis at a constant angular speed, and at constant radius.

30092    ◆         uniform load      ◆         a uniformly distributed load over part of or the whole of a length or surface.

30093    ◆         UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT           ◆            균등계수 ; 여과에 쓰이는 여과 모래의 입경이 고른 정도를 나타내는 계수

30094    ◆         unijunction transistor      ◆         a three-terminal transistor containing an emitter and two bases, and possessing negative-resistance characteristics; used mainly in switching circuits.

30095    ◆         unilateral conductivity     ◆         the theoretical property of a circuit element to conduct electrical current in one direction only; in practice, even the best diode allows some reverse current to flow.  unilateralization: a technique similar to neutralization in which both the resistive and reactive components of feedback in a device are completely neutralized by external feedback to prevent undesired oscillations; the result is a device that effectively has no feedback.

30096    ◆         unimolecular      ◆         involving only a single molecule, rather than interaction between two separate molecules. Thus, unimolecular reaction.

30097    ◆         unipolar transistor          ◆         ㆍ a transistor in which the main conduction path is through P-type or N-type material, but not both, and charge carriers are of only one polarity.a transistor in which the main conduction path is through P-type or N-type material, but not both, and charge carriers are of only one polarity.

30098    ◆         unipotential electrostatic lens       ◆            an electrostatic lens having three apertures, with the same voltage difference between the central aperture and each of the outer apertures.

30099    ◆         unit cell ◆         the basic building block of a crystal; the smallest unit of the lattice for a given crystal that displays the symmetry of the lattice. It is characterized by three vectors, a, b, and c, that form the edges of a parallelepiped and the angles between them, , , and  ( between a and b).

30100    ◆         unit delay          ◆         the delay of a signal from the input to the output of a transducer or amplifier by a time interval, which is related to the operation of the circuit; for example, in a digital process controlled by a clock, a delay corresponding to one clock style.