미래연구 관련 리포트 목록 301-350 : 과학기술정책연구원

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미래연구 관련 리포트 목록 301-350 : 과학기술정책연구원

no	제목	요약	출처	작가
301	the european environment, state and outlook 2010, synthesis	<p>Environmental policy in the European Union and its neighbours has&nbsp;delivered substantial improvements to the state of the environment.&nbsp;However, major environmental challenges remain which will&nbsp;have&nbsp;significant consequences for Europe if left unaddressed.&nbsp;What differs in 2010, compared to previous EEA European environment? State and outlook reports, is an enhanced understanding of the links&nbsp;between environmental challenges combined with unprecedented&nbsp;global megatrends. This has allowed a deeper appreciation of the&nbsp;human-made systemic risks and vulnerabilities which&nbsp;threaten&nbsp;ecosystem security, and insight into the shortcomings of governance.&nbsp;The prospects for Europe's environment are mixed but there are&nbsp;opportunities to make the environment more resilient to future risks&nbsp;and changes. These include unparalleled environmental information&nbsp;resources and technologies, ready-to-deploy resource accounting&nbsp;methods and a renewed commitment to the established principles of&nbsp;precaution and prevention, rectifying damage at source and polluter&nbsp;pays. These overarching findings are supported by the following&nbsp;10 key messages:</p> <p>? Continuing depletion of Europe's stocks of natural capital and flows of ecosystem services&nbsp;</p> <p>? Climate change&nbsp;</p> <p>? Nature and biodiversity&nbsp;</p> <p>? Natural resources and waste&nbsp;</p> <p>? Environment, health and quality of life&nbsp;</p> <p>? Links between the state of Europe's environment and various global megatrends&nbsp;</p> <p>? The notion of dedicated management of natural capital and ecosystem services&nbsp;</p> <p>? Increased resource efficiency and security can be achieved&nbsp;</p> <p>? Implementing environmental policies and strengthening environmental governance&nbsp;</p> <p>? Transformation towards a greener European economy&nbsp;</p> <p>The seeds for future actions exist: the task ahead is to help them take root and flourish.</p>	EEA	Jock Martin et al.
302	The European Forest Sector Outlook Study Ⅱ	<p>The intention of EFSOS II is to help policy makers and other actors to make wellinformed choices, by providing them with objective analysis on which they can base&nbsp;these choices. Allowing policy makers to see the possible consequences of their choices, presented in a structured and objective way, should help them to make more&nbsp;informed, and presumably better, decisions. EFSOS II focuses on seve&nbsp;major&nbsp;challenges, which could all have significant consequences and could interact with each other. They are complex, international, and long term in nature. The issues chosen are the following:</p> <p>- Mitigating climate change;</p> <p>- Supplying renewable energy;</p> <p>- Adapting to climate change and protecting forests;</p> <p>- Protecting and enhancing biodiverstiy;</p> <p>- Supplying renewable and competitive forest products;</p> <p>- Achieving and demonstrating sustainability, and;</p> <p>- Developing appropriate policies and institutions.</p>	UN	UNECE
303	The future framework for disaster risk reduction	<p>The following set of recommendations are a collection &nbsp;from each of the modules of this guide. Individually they provide snapshots representing key considerations for the successor to the HFA (which we call HFA2 throughout this guide). Taken together&nbsp;</p> <p>they represent an inter-connected articulation of the way a future framework can support the reduction of disaster risk through sustainable development.</p> <p><br /></p>	A guide for decision-makers	A guide for decision-makers
304	The Future Impact of the Internet on Higher Education	<p>&nbsp;Today, though, the business of higher education seems to some as susceptible to tech disruption as other information-centric industries such as the news media, magazines and journals, encyclopedias, music, motion pictures, and television. The transmission of knowledge need no longer be tethered to a college campus. The technical affordances of cloud-based computing, digital textbooks, mobile connectivity, high-quality streaming video, and “just-in-time” information gathering have pushed vast amounts of knowledge to the “placeless” Web. This has sparked a robust re-examination of the modern university’s mission and its role within networked society.</p>	PewResesarch Center	Janna Anderson, Jan Lauren Boyles, Lee Rainie
305	The future impact of the Internet on higher education: Experts expect more-efficient	<p>For a millennium, universities have been considered the main societal hub for knowledge and</p> <p>learning.1 And for a millennium, the basic structures of how universities produce and</p> <p>disseminate knowledge and evaluate students have survived intact through the sweeping</p> <p>societal changes created by technology?the moveable-type printing press, the Industrial</p> <p>Revolution, the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and computers.</p> <p>Today, though, the business of higher education seems to some as susceptible to tech</p> <p>disruption as other information-centric industries such as the news media, magazines and</p> <p>journals, encyclopedias, music, motion pictures, and television. The transmission of knowledge</p> <p>need no longer be tethered to a college campus. The technical affordances of cloud-based</p> <p>computing, digital textbooks, mobile connectivity, high-quality streaming video, and “just-intime”</p> <p>information gathering have pushed vast amounts of knowledge to the “placeless” Web.</p> <p>This has sparked a robust re-examination of the modern university’s mission and its role within</p> <p>networked society.</p>	Pew Internet	Pew Internet
306	The Future of Advertising: Looking Ahead to 2020	<p>&nbsp;From its relatively humble beginnings ? with a choice of perhaps six broadcast channels ? to the hundreds of cable and satellite offerings available today, there is no denying television’s dramatic evolution. Throughout its development, TV has been an important advertising medium ? and it will remain so, despite major industry disruptions such as On Demand, Start Over, video recording devices, personal video recorders (PVRs), interactivity, and Internet-to-television.</p>	CISCO	Scott Puopolo and Leszek Izdebski
307	The Future of Arctic Marine Navigation in Mid-Century	<p>&nbsp;This document serves as the final Scenario Narratives Report for the Future of Arctic Marine Navigation in<br />Mid-Century, a project of the Arctic Council’s Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) working<br />group and Global Business Network (GBN), a member of the Monitor Group. The purpose of this project, and these scenarios, is to systematically consider the long-term social, technological, economic, environmental, and political impacts on Arctic Marine Navigation of Key Finding #6 of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) published by the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee in November 2004. These scenarios are meant to summarize and communicate a set of plausible and different stories of the future in which critical uncertainties play out in ways that challenge planning decisions being made in the present</p>	GBN	Global Business Network
308	The Future of Cloud Computing And its disruptive affect on enterprises and markets	<p>Agenda</p> <p>? Evolution to SaaS and Cloud Computing</p> <p>? Current Cloud Computing Market Overview</p> <p>? Webdesc: Case Study</p> <p>? Barriers to Adoption</p> <p>? Future Catalysts</p> <p>? Recommendations</p>	GLASSMEYER/MCNAMEE CENTER FOR DIGITAL STRATEGIES	TUCK SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AT DARTMOUTH
309	The future of connected health devices	<p>For some years now, medical device makers have provided products and services for consumers who are extremely health or fitness conscious as well as those who need to be regularly monitored because of a serious health risk. And they’ve been quite successful within these consumer segments. At the end of 2009, the size of the global medical device market was US$290 billion.</p> <p>As impressive as this is, device makers are generally overlooking a far larger consumer segment that we call Information Seekers. These consumers are relatively healthy, but could use some help managing a health-related challenge. They are looking for solutions that can provide missing information to help them gain greater control over their conditions and ultimately lead healthier, more independent lives.&nbsp;</p> <p>By Heather Fraser, YangJin Kwon and Margaret Neuer&nbsp;</p> <p>Thanks to recent technological advances and increased willingness to collaborate among industries, it is now feasible to deliver solutions that meet the needs of this consumer segment and help reduce long-term healthcare costs. As our environments at home and on the go grow more instrumented, interconnected and intelligent, health monitoring solutions also can become more intuitive, comprehensive and affordable ? all critically important factors in winning over Information Seekers and healthcare payers. Likewise, the analytical insights enabled by this groundswell of information will be invaluable to the healthcare and life sciences communities.&nbsp;</p>	IBM Institute for Business Value	IBM Institute for Business Value
310	The future of consumer products industry	<p>In the midst of explosive population growth, increased urbanization, an&nbsp;evolving, demanding customer base and global climate and natural resource&nbsp;issues, the Consumer Products (CP) industry faces shifting market dynamics,&nbsp;channel challenges and renewed pressures for business model innovation. An&nbsp;emerging class of empowered consumer, steadily increasing consumption and&nbsp;aggressive competition from private labels will require CP companies to execute&nbsp;flawlessly in connecting with consumers, managing supply chain efficiencies&nbsp;and collaborating with channel partners.&nbsp;</p>	IBM Institute for Business Value	Guy Blissett, Trevor Davis, Bill Gilmour, Patrick Medley and Mark Yeomans
311	The Future of Disaster Response: Humans Working with Multiagent Teams using DEFACTO	<p>When addressing terrorist threats we must give special attention to both prevention and disaster response. Enabling effective interactions between agent teams and humans for disaster response is a critical area of research, with encouraging progress in the past few years. However, previous work suffers from two key limitations: (i) limited human situational awareness, reducing human effectiveness in directing agent teams and (ii) the agent team’s rigid interaction strategies that limit team performance. This paper focuses on a novel disaster response software prototype, called DEFACTO (Demonstrating Effective Flexible Agent Coordination of Teams through Omnipresence). DEFACTO is based on a software proxy architecture and 3D visualization system, which addresses the two limitations described above. First, the 3D visualization interface enables human virtual omnipresence in the environment, improving human situational awareness and ability to assist agents. Second, generalizing past work on adjustable autonomy, the agent team chooses among a variety of “team-level” interaction strategies, even excluding humans from the loop in extreme circumstances.</p> <p><br /></p>	Nathan Schurr and Janusz Marecki Milind Tambe , Paul Scerri, Nikhi kasinadhuni and J.P.Lewis	Nathan Schurr and Janusz Marecki Milind Tambe , Paul Scerri, Nikhi kasinadhuni and J.P.Lewis
312	THE FUTURE OF ECO-INNOVATION: The Role of Business Models in Green Transformation	<p>In their policies to revive industrial activity, job markets and competitiveness, while simultaneously tackling global environmental challenges such as climate change and natural resources scarcity, countries are increasingly seeking more innovative ways to promote economic activity. The OECD Green Growth Strategy (OECD, 2011a) recommends that green growth policies should encourage innovation, as this can enhance efficiency in the use of natural capital and foster new economic opportunities from the emergence of new green activities. The rapid and wider diffusion of “ecoinnovation” can have a leveraging effect on environmental, as well as on economic and social improvements, by enabling win-win synergies both in OECD and non-OECD countries. As incremental innovations alone cannot achieve an absolute decoupling of economic growth from environmental impacts, increasing the market potential for more radical and systemic eco-innovations is becoming of particular importance to enable a long-term transition and transformation towards a greener economy.&nbsp;</p>	OECD/European Commission/Nordic Innovation Joint Workshop	OECD/European Commission/Nordic Innovation Joint Workshop
313	The Future of Electricity	<p>The electricity sector is undergoing an unprecedented</p> <p>transition. In the past, the sector provided affordable, secure</p> <p>and reliable electricity by attracting investors with low risk,</p> <p>stable returns. In the last decade, significant declines in</p> <p>the cost of renewable technologies, combined with new</p> <p>sources of natural gas, have offered the opportunity to</p> <p>simultaneously decarbonize the sector while also increasing</p> <p>energy security and reducing dependence on imported</p> <p>fuels.</p> <p>OECD countries have invested heavily to achieve this,</p> <p>spending $3 trillion on new renewable and conventional</p> <p>power plants, transmission and distribution (T&amp;D)</p> <p>infrastructure, and energy efficiency measures. This</p> <p>investment has helped reduce carbon intensity per unit</p> <p>generated by about 1% per annum and increase energy</p> <p>security by reducing imports of fuels by about 4%.</p> <p>Yet more has to be done, especially as the industry is less</p> <p>than 30% through the process, with a further $8 trillion</p> <p>needed from now until 2040 to meet policy objectives.</p> <p>The experience of the EU ? an early mover ? raises</p> <p>concerns over the ability to attract this additional investment.</p> <p>As renewable capacity has been deployed in the EU,</p> <p>returns on capital have fallen across the board and risks for</p> <p>investors and technology providers have risen due to policy</p> <p>instability. This crisis of “investability” has highlighted lessons</p> <p>for policy-makers, regulators, business and investors,</p> <p>whether in the developed or developing markets.</p>	World Economic Forum	WEF
314	THE FUTURE OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN THE UNITED STATES: Obstacles and Domestic Solutions	<p>Consumer electronics have become an integral part of daily life and revolutionized the way we&nbsp;</p> <p>communicate, retrieve information, and entertain ourselves. Between cell phones, computers,&nbsp;</p> <p>televisions, iPads, and e-Readers, it is estimated that the average person in the United States&nbsp;</p> <p>(U.S.) uses 24 electronic products (CEA, 2008). Rapid technological advancements and growth&nbsp;</p> <p>in the electronics industry have led to a constant stream of new products and a resulting decrease&nbsp;</p> <p>in the life span of electronics. Globally, more than 50 million tons of e-waste were discarded in&nbsp;</p> <p>2009 and 72 million tons are expected to be disposed in 2014 (Ping Jiang et al.). &nbsp;Europeans produce approximately 20 kilograms of e-waste/person/year1, while U.S. residents produce about 7 kilograms of e-waste/person/year2. This discrepancy may be attributed to the varying&nbsp;</p> <p>definitions of e-waste; in the U.S. electronic waste generally consists of information technology&nbsp;</p> <p>(IT) and telecommunications equipment, monitors and televisions, whereas in Europe it also&nbsp;</p> <p>includes large household appliances, cooling and freezing appliances, and medical devices. &nbsp;</p>	Columbia University	Jennifer Namias
315	The Future of Families to 2030	<p>&nbsp;For the purposes of the project, the interpretation of the notion of “family” was a broad one, since several generations had to be taken into account to reflect participants’ interest in intergenerational matters, such as solidarity, transfers and values. It needed to encompass young couples with children, young couples with no children, single-parent families, couples whose children have left home, and elderly family members. Consideration also had to be given to the evolving structure of modern families that has emerged from recent trends in divorce, second marriages and co-habitation,same-sex partnerships, and reconstituted families.</p>	OECD	OECD
316	The Future of Financial Services	<p>Consistent with the World Economic Forum’s mission of applying a multi-stakeholder approach to address issues of global impact, the creation of this report involved extensive outreach and dialogue with the financial services community, innovation community, academia and a large number of financial technology startups. The dialogue included numerous interviews and interactive sessions to discuss the insights and opportunities for collaborative action.</p> <p>Sincere thanks are extended to the industry experts and emerging disruptors who contributed their unique insights to this report. In particular, the members of the Project’s Steering Committee and Working Group, who are introduced in the following pages, played an invaluable role as experts and patient mentors.</p> <p>We are also very grateful for the generous commitment and support to Deloitte Consulting LLP in the U.S., an entity within the Deloitte1 network, in its capacity as the official professional services advisor to the World Economic Forum for this project.</p>	World Economic Forum	WEF
317	The Future of Financial Services How disruptive innovations are reshaping the way financial services are structured, provisioned and consumed	<p>We set out to address three major problems that have prevented a comprehensive understanding of the state of disruptive innovation in the industry:</p> <p>There is no common taxonomy or understanding of which innovations are the most relevant</p> <p>There is no clear understanding of the evolutionary path of emerging innovations</p> <p>The implications of those evolutions on incumbent business models are unclear, creating significant uncertainty for traditional players as they strive to react to growing competitive pressures</p>	World Economic Forum	Giancarlo Bruno 외 다수
318	The Future of Global Water Stress: An Integrated Assessment	<p>We assess the ability of global water systems, resolved at 282 large river basins or Assessment Sub Regions (ASRs), to the meet water requirements over the coming decades under integrated projections of socioeconomic growth and climate change. We employ a Water Resource System (WRS) component embedded within the MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM) framework in a suite of simulations that consider a range of climate policies and regional hydroclimatic changes through the middle of this century. We find that for many developing nations water-demand increases due to population growth and economic activity have a much stronger effect on water stress than climate change. By 2050, economic growth and population change alone can lead to an additional 1.8 billion people living in regions with at least moderate water stress. Of this additional 1.8 billion people, 80% are found in developing countries. Uncertain regional climate change can play a secondary role to either exacerbate or dampen the increase in water stress due to socioeconomic growth. The strongest climate impacts on relative changes in water stress are seen over many areas in Africa, but strong impacts also occur over Europe, Southeast Asia and North America. The combined effects of socioeconomic growth and uncertain climate change lead to a 1.0 to 1.3 billion increase of the world's 2050 projected population living in regions with overly exploited water conditions? where total potential water requirements will consistently exceed surface-water supply. Under the context of the WRS model framework, this would imply that adaptive measures would be taken to meet these surface-water shortfalls and would include: water-use efficiency, reduced and/or redirected consumption, recurrent periods of water emergencies or curtailments, groundwater depletion, additional inter-basin transfers, and overdraw from flow intended to maintain environmental requirements.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>	Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change	Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
319	THE FUTURE OF GROCERY E-COMMERCE, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGING SHOPPING PREFERENCES AROUND THE WORLD	<p>Technology has fundamentally transformed the way industries</p> <p>such as music, books and video operate. iTunes allows consumers</p> <p>to cobble together personal music libraries they can carry with</p> <p>them wherever they go, and Amazon gives shoppers access to an</p> <p>extensive selection of products, user reviews and personalized</p> <p>recommendations based on search and purchase history. Streaming</p> <p>services like Netflix and Hulu and devices like Apple TV allow users</p> <p>to access content whenever and wherever they want.</p>	The Nielsen Company	The Nielsen Global Survey
320	The Future of Higher Education: Beyond the Campus	<p>Higher education’s purpose is to equip students for success in life?in the workplace, in communities, and in their personal lives. While this purpose may have remained constant for centuries, the world around colleges and universities is undergoing significant change. Higher education is under pressure to meet greater expectations, whether for student numbers, educational preparation, workforce needs, or economic development. Meanwhile, the resources available are likely to decline. New models, an intense focus on the student experience, and a drive for innovation and entrepreneurism will ensure that higher education continues to meet society’s needs. Information technology supports virtually every aspect of higher education, including finances, learning, research, security, and sustainability, and IT professionals need to understand the range of problems their institutions face so they apply IT where it brings greatest value. Creating this future will require collaboration across organizational and national boundaries, bringing together the collective intelligence of people from backgrounds including education, corporations, and government. &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>	EDUCAUSE	EDUCAUSE
321	The Future of Internet Of Things (IoT)	<p>IoT</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Embedded (OS, Applications)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Heterogeneous </p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Multiple interfaces</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Consumer-driven</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Impacts people (health, safety, privacy)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;?Many and multiple years lifecycle</p> <p><br /></p>	ROY WATTANASIN BOSTON UNIVERSITY SECURITY CAMP	ROY WATTANASIN BOSTON UNIVERSITY SECURITY CAMP
322	The Future of Jobs	<p>The Future of Jobs Report (herein: “Report”) presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”). Data in this Report is subject to change without notice.</p> <p>The terms country and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.</p> <p>Although the World Economic Forum takes every reasonable step to ensure that the Data thus compiled and/or collected is accurately reflected in this Report, the World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees: (i) provide the Data “as is, as available” and without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement; (ii) make no representations, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the Data contained in this Report or its suitability for any particular purpose; (iii) accept no liability for any use of the said Data or reliance placed on it, in particular, for any interpretation, decisions, or actions based on the Data in this Report.</p> <p>Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the Data contained in this Report. The World Economic Forum in no way represents or warrants that it owns or controls all rights in all Data, and the World Economic Forum will not be liable to users for any claims brought against users by third parties in connection with their use of any Data.</p> <p>The World Economic Forum, its agents, officers, and employees do not endorse or in any respect warrant any third-party products or services by virtue of any Data, material, or content referred to or included in this Report.</p>	World Economic Forum	WEF
323	The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age	<p>The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Reports on Digital Media and Learning, published by the MIT Press, present findings from current research on how young people learn, play, socialize, and participate in civic life. The Reports result from research projects funded by the MacArthur Foundation as part of its $50 million initiative in digital media and learning. They are published openly online (as well as in print) in order to support broad dissemination and to stimulate further research in the field.</p>	MACARTHUR	Cathy N. Davidson and David Theo Goldberg
324	THE FUTURE OF LEGAL SERVICES	<p>Changes to legal services will have an inevitable impact on the solicitor profession. We have identified the key drivers for change in the current landscape of legal services, and attempted to predict how solicitors’ and lawyers’ interests may change in the future, where they will face competition and what opportunities may present themselves in a changing market.&nbsp;</p> <p>This report presents findings drawn from a range of sources: a literature review, round table discussions and interviews with a range of practitioners across different practice types, firm visit reports, and the outcomes from a series of three Futures panels.</p> <p>The key drivers of change in the legal services market can be clustered into five groups:</p> <p>? global and national economic business environments ? how clients buy legal services (including in-house lawyer buyers as well as small and medium sized businesses and the public) ? technological and process innovation ? new entrants and types of competition ? wider political agendas around funding, regulation and the principles of access to justice.</p> <p>It seems inevitable that solicitors and lawyers face a future of change on a varied scale, depending on area of practice and client types. Business as usual is not an option for many, indeed for any, traditional legal service providers. Innovation in services and service delivery will become a key differentiating factor.</p> <p>Current alternative business structure (ABS) developments, ‘including consolidation, specialisation, emerging brands, investment in marketing, technology and new delivery methods hold clues to the future’ (LSCP 2014: 7-8). These clues are also likely to impact business-to-business (B2B) markets and prove influential in shaping the overarching picture of legal services in 2020.</p> <p>Most of the expert commentary about changes to the legal services market points towards a shift in how services are purchased. Clients will buy services they need as and when they need them. Fixed-fee services are now commonplace and the traditional model of a solicitor charging fees based on an hourly rate is gradually disappearing. There is a growing interest in fixed fees across all main consumer law sectors (YouGov Reports 2015: 53).</p> <p>The need for all types of lawyer to expand their skills base beyond technical legal knowledge, to encompass business and project management skills and a better understanding of complex risk, places corporate and in-house lawyers ahead of the game, as they already work with clients and in environments which expect such skills as the norm.</p> <p><br /></p>	THE LAW SOCIETY OF ENGLAND AND WALES	THE LAW SOCIETY OF ENGLAND AND WALES
325	THE FUTURE OF MANUFACTURING: A NEW ERA OF OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGE FOR THE UK	<p>and public private partnerships such as the Energy Technologies Institute, these are much smaller than in competitor nations. Addressing this mismatch should be a priority. Recent years have seen a resurgence in the development of industrial policies by governments &nbsp;in the UK and overseas. In the UK, industrial policies have been developed in 11 sectors, led in most cases by groups from the public and private sectors, with many of these encompassing manufacturing industries. One specific development has been the creation of the Catapult Centres. In particular, the High Value Manufacturing Catapult provides a strong base on &nbsp;which to build substantial further effort. It is recommended that its funding is substantially increased, and used in part to encourage the greater involvement of smaller firms in particular. Whilst specific initiatives are essential in areas mentioned above, more is needed. Recognition that the UK's national infrastructure suffered from fragmented policy making led to the creation of Infrastructure UK (IUK). Manufacturing suffers from similar challenges and is no less strategic for the future strength and resilience of the UK economy. The Lead Expert Group of this Foresight Project considers that a similar office to the IUK is needed for Manufacturing. This would be responsible for helping Government to formulate longterm policies that would take into account the extended value chain associated with manufacturing industries. It should be staffed by experts, preferably with substantial successful industry experience. They would consider all of the issues highlighted in this Report, and develop and assist Government with piloting new policies. A UK Office for Manufacturing would need to work closely with IUK, in view of the importance of infrastructure to manufacturing. It would also need to work closely with industry, particularly to improve skills and increase the ability of companies to innovate by working with relevant partners. Other countries including the United States and Australia have developed relevant offices from which the UK can learn.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>	FORESIGHT	FORESIGHT
326	the future of manufacturing: A NEW ERA of opportunity an d challenge for the UK	<p class=0 style=background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;><span style=font-family: Arial; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 9pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;>The Report and its supporting evidence propose&nbsp;a wide range of specific insights and potential&nbsp;actions for the public and private sectors to explore.&nbsp;These will need to be considered in the round, and&nbsp;the UK will need to adapt if it is to avoid being left&nbsp;behind. Many examples of new support initiatives&nbsp;and policy development have been identified in&nbsp;competitor countries.</span></p>	The Government Office for Science	the Project’s Lead Expert Group
327	The Future of Mobile Communications	<p>The changing face of mobile communications services People around the world increasingly rely almost entirely on their mobile phones to communicate with others. Globally, SMS is still the most popular form of messaging, however, Rich IP-based messaging services are becoming increasingly popular. &nbsp;For example, Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp together handle 60 billion messages a day. Mobile operators’ SMS and voice calling services are also widely used. A GSMA-sponsored online survey across Spain, India, China and the US found that 64% of Internet users send SMS daily compared with 75% who use instant messaging. Some 80% said they make or receive mobile phone calls daily and 27% video calls. However, there are major differences between markets. In Spain, for example, only 23% said they still use SMS daily, compared with more than 75% in the other three markets. Moreover, video calls are much more popular in China and India than in Spain and the US. &nbsp;The survey highlighted strong interest for ‘advanced communications’ services that are mobile operatorled messaging services such as pre-calling, instant messaging, live video and real-time photo or file sharing that are enabled by Rich Communications Services (RCS) and Voice-over-LTE (VoLTE) and work natively on any device and network without the need to download an app.</p> <p><br /></p>	GSMA HEAD OFFICE	GSMA HEAD OFFICE
328	THE FUTURE OF MOBILE LEARNING	<p>Technology has changed our world in ways previously unimaginable. Mobile devices permeate our daily lives, providing unparalleled access to communication and information. By the end of 2012, the number of mobile devices was estimated to exceed the world’s population (Cisco, 2012). As the power, functionality and affordability of these devices increase, so does their potential to support learning in new ways. Innovative mobile learning initiatives from around the globe have highlighted this potential (Fritschi and Wolf, 2012b; Hyl?n, 2012; Isaacs, 2012b; Lugo and Schurmann, 2012; Roschelle, 2003; So, 2012; West, 2012b). In one way or another, many ? if not most ? of these projects are helping students learn about something important to them. Whether empowering a woman in India with daily audio messages to help convert her knowledge into economic gains, enabling a student in Singapore to bridge the gap between home and school, helping a child in New York gather data to become a ‘mini-scientist’, or providing a retiree in Bangladesh with access to hundreds of English language audio lessons and quizzes, mobile devices have changed the lives and learning of millions of people in ways inconceivable even a decade ago. Yet despite over fifteen years of research, mobile learning has so far failed to have a significant long-term impact on education. How can this be addressed? What can be done in the next fifteen years to build on the achievements of practitioners and researchers to increase educational quality and ensure sustained learning opportunities for all? This report aims to answer these questions directly.&nbsp;</p>	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
329	The future of mobility How transportation technology and social trends are creating a new business ecosystem	<p>Innovative technologies are changing</p> <p>how companies develop and build vehicles.</p> <p>Electric and fuel-cell powertrains tend to offer</p> <p>greater propulsion for lower energy investment</p> <p>at lower emission levels.&nbsp;New, lightweight</p> <p>materials enable automakers to reduce vehicle</p> <p>weight without sacrificing passenger safety.</p>	Deloitte LLP	Scott Corwin 외 다수
330	The Future of Pensions and Healthcare in a Rapidly Ageing World: Scenarios to 2030	<p>The project was mandated by the World Economic Forum’s financial services and healthcare communities<br />and consists of two phases. The first phase (mid 2007 to mid 2008) has focused on the development of a number of scenarios for the future of pensions and healthcare to 2030. The second phase (mid 2008 to mid 2009) will look more deeply into the strategic options available to stakeholders to proactively shape the future.</p>	World Economic Forum	World Economic Forum
331	THE FUTURE OF PRODUCTIVITY	<p>Productivity growth slowed in many OECD countries even before the crisis, which amplified the phenomenon. The slowdown in knowledge-based capital accumulation and decline in business start-ups over this period also raises concerns of a structural slowing in productivity growth. The economic forces shaping productivity developments can be better understood by focusing on three types of firms: the globally most productive (i.e. global frontier firms), the most advanced firms nationally and laggard firms.&nbsp;</p> <p>? Productivity growth at the global frontier has remained relatively robust in the 21st century, despite the slowdown in average productivity growth. For example, labour productivity at the global frontier increased at an average annual rate of 3½ per cent in the manufacturing sector over the 2000s, compared to an average growth in labour productivity of just ½ per cent for nonfrontier firms, and this gap is even more pronounced in the services sector. However, firms at the global frontier have become older, which may foreshadow a slowdown in the arrival of radical innovations and productivity growth. ? The rising gap in productivity growth between the global frontier and other firms raises questions about: i) the ability of the most advanced firms nationally to adopt new technologies and knowledge developed at the global frontier; ii) diffusion of existing technologies and knowledge from national frontier firms to laggards; and iii) the rise of tacit knowledge as a source of competitive advantage for global frontier firms.</p>	OECD	OECD
332	The Future of Productivity	<p>Productivity is the ultimate engine of growth in the global economy. Raising productivity</p> <p>is therefore a fundamental challenge for countries going forward. This new OECD report</p> <p>on The Future of Productivity shows that we are not running out of ideas. In fact, the growth</p> <p>of the globally most productive firms has remained robust in the 21st century. However,</p> <p>the gap between those global leaders and the rest has increased over time, and especially</p> <p>so in the services sector. This implies that knowledge diffusion should not to be taken for</p> <p>granted. Future growth will largely depend on our ability to revive the diffusion machine,</p> <p>both within and across countries. At the same time, there is much scope to boost productivity</p> <p>and reduce inequality simply by more effectively allocating human talent to jobs.</p>	OECD	the Secretary-General of the OECD
333	The Future of Sustainable Waste Management: Challenging the Status Quo	<p>Onondaga County, New York “Over the past 20 years, waste-to-energy has proven it is a safe and effective technology that turns trash into electricity,” said Mark Donnelly, OCRRA executive director. “It saves natural resources and funds our community’s award-winning recycling programs, which is why OCRRA is pleased to announce a contract extension with Covanta, our longtime partner in sustainable waste solutions.” &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Boston, Massachusetts “Covanta has been a very good and reliable partner,” said Michael Dennehy, interim commissioner, Public Works. “Their generous support over the years for programs such as Boston Shines and the consistent dependable disposal options Covanta provides the City of Boston have had a positive impact on the cleanliness of Boston neighborhoods.” &nbsp;</p> <p>Marion County, Oregon The new contract provides for the continuation of reliable waste disposal and extends a successful partnership between Covanta and Marion County that began in the mid-1980s, remarked Commissioner Sam Brentano, Marion County. The Energy-from-Waste facility coupled with innovative recycling programs has enabled Marion County to be a leader in solid waste management.&nbsp;</p>	CONVANTA	Colombia university
334	THE FUTURE OF THE BIOMEDICAL INDUSTRY IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION	<p>The biomedical industry -- composed of pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device and diagnostics segments -- is shaped by a variety of distinctive forces. &nbsp;Among these are the need for specialized human capital, a formidable regulatory approval process, high sunk costs, a complex financing structure, science risks, and a range of ethical and political issues. &nbsp;</p> <p>The outlook for the industry in the next 10 years is very positive. It will experience explosive growth in markets for the treatment of both chronic and acute illnesses. &nbsp;These markets will be driven by a confluence of political and demographic trends -- most notably globalization and population growth and aging -- as well as by new products resulting from the genomic discoveries of the late 1990s and early 2000s and a generally favorable policy environment. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>This report makes the case for fundamental changes in the biomedical industry in the coming years. &nbsp;It anticipates the ascendance of personalized medicine and suggests ways in which industry players will have to adapt to profound demographic, political and technological shifts in order to compete successfully in a world transformed by forces of globalization. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>This executive summary highlights three principal aspects of the case presented fully in the larger paper, which will be made available in its entirety at the end of April: &nbsp;</p> <p>1. &nbsp;Background: Basic Characteristics of the Biomedical Industry 2. &nbsp;Adapting to a “Flat” World: Implications of Globalization and Opportunities for the Industry 3. &nbsp;Business Models: How Successful Industry Players Can Adapt to Changing Conditions &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>	Kellogg: school of Management	Kellogg: school of Management
335	THE FUTURE OF THE BIOMEDICAL INDUSTRY IN AN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION	<p>The biomedical industry -- composed of pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device and</p> <p>diagnostics segments -- is shaped by a variety of distinctive forces. Among these are</p> <p>the need for specialized human capital, a formidable regulatory approval process, high</p> <p>sunk costs, a complex financing structure, science risks, and a range of ethical and</p> <p>political issues.</p>	the Kellogg Center	Prof. Alicia L?ffler, Scott Stern
336	The future of the car	<p>The car of the future will be economical in its use of available resources. It will be designed to have as little impact on the environment as possible. It will also be safer, as it will incorporate a level of artificial intelligence that enables it to compensate for driver error. The car of the future will be networked with other vehicles in the vicinity, and this will extend its range of perception far beyond that of its own on-board sensors. By 2020, the introduction of completely new technology, and the further development of that which is already tried and tested, will make the car into far more than just a means of getting from A to B. The motor car is, and will remain, a product with an emotional appeal, the character and design of which must accord with the lifestyle of the user. However, this does not mean that it makes sense, for example, to explicitly label a car that is especially suitable for older drivers as ‘OAP-friendly’. Accordingly, the car of the future will not be able to sell itself purely by virtue of its many innovative features or by how environmentally friendly it is ? it will be the complete package that counts.&nbsp;</p>	Zuk?nftige Technologien	Oliver S Kaiser, Heinz Eickenbusch, Vera Grimm, Axel Zweck
337	The future of the car	<p>&nbsp;By 2020, the introduction of completely new technology, and the further development of that which is already tried and tested, will make the car into far more than just a means of getting from A to B. The motor car is, and will remain, a product with an emotional appeal, the character and design of which must accord with the lifestyle of the user. However, this does not mean that it makes sense, for example, to explicitly label a car that is especially suitable for older drivers as ‘OAP-friendly’. Accordingly, the car of the future will not be able to sell itself purely by virtue of its many innovative features or by how environmentally friendly it is ? it will be the complete package that counts.</p>	VDI(The Association of German Engineers)	Oliver S Kaiser et al.
338	The future of the Consumer Products industry The end of the world…or a world of opportunity?	<p>In the midst of explosive population growth, increased urbanization, an</p> <p>evolving, demanding customer base and global climate and natural resource</p> <p>issues, the Consumer Products (CP) industry faces shifting market dynamics,</p> <p>channel challenges and renewed pressures for business model innovation.&nbsp;</p>	IBM Institute for Business Value	Guy Blissett 외 다수
339	The future of the global economy to 2030	<p>The global economy is at a juncture of great uncertainty and change. To explore a broader understanding of what the future of the global economy may hold, Outsights gathered experts from different disciplines - Government, the City, Business and NGOs - to consider what is shaping the future to 2030. This report builds on the output of the workshop with further research and scenario development by Outsights. Outsights would like to thank the participants for taking part in the workshop, and notes that their involvement does not endorse any views expressed in this report, by themselves or their organisations. Special thanks also to Outsights Associate Michael Prest for editing and shaping the report.</p>	Outsights	Richard O'Brien, Alasdair Keith, and Michael Prest
340	The Future of the Internet	<p>Th e Internet has already profoundly changed our economic and social world. Th e developments we have seen so far are just a beginning. If today’s Internet is a crucial element of our economy ? the future Internet will play an even more vital role in every conceivable business process. It will become the productivity tool “par excellence”. Th e Internet itself is a fantastic tool for connecting people together into an enormous social networking project.</p> <p>Th e cultures and values governing the Internet have changed. From its early days the Internet has been founded on the principles of openness and free access shared by a community of developers. Today, the Internet faces many confl icting challenges in terms of cultures and values it serves.&nbsp;</p>	European Communities	European Communities
341	The Future of the Internet	<p>European Internet scienti? c and economic actors, researchers, industrialists, SMEs, users, service and content providers, now assert the urgent necessity to redesign the Internet, taking a broad multidisciplinary approach, to meet Europe’s societal and commercial ambitions. This commitment ? part of the Bled Declaration ? was made by delegates at the conference “Th e Future of the Internet: Perspectives Emerging from R&amp;D in Europe”.&nbsp;</p> <p>Th e meeting in Bled, Slovenia on 31st March 2008 brought together around 300 representatives of European industry and the research community to discuss and share ideas on Future Internet developments. In particular, the event sought to draw on perspectives emerging from current research projects in this fi eld funded under the European Research Framework Programmes.&nbsp;</p> <p>Th e meeting discussed current trends in the use and development of the internet, business strategies, government policies, as well as global initiatives being undertaken in the United States and Japan. Delegates also shared ideas on technological developments, barriers and challenges for the ‘Future Internet’, meaning in the 2015 timescale and beyond.&nbsp;</p> <p>Th e launch of the European Future Internet Assembly (EFIA), agreed at the meeting, represents a milestone in the better coordination of European and international eff orts in Future Internet development.</p> <p><br /></p>	A conference held under the Slovenian Presidency of the EU, Bled	A conference held under the Slovenian Presidency of the EU, Bled
342	The Future of Transport - a network for 2030	<p>&nbsp;Good transport is essential for a successful economy and society. It provides access to jobs, services and schools, gets goods to the shops and allows us to make the most of our free time. Yet our transport system has suffered from decades of under-investment. We are working hard to reverse this damage and to deliver the environmentally sustainable, reliable and safe transport system this country needs.</p>	Department for Transport	Department for Transport
343	The Future of U.S-China Relarions: Is Conflict Inevitable?	<p>&nbsp;For four years following the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington on September 11, 2001,<br />relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) appeared to be on a steadily rising course. As U.S. decisionmakers turned theirattention to the urgent dangers of terrorism and proliferation, they seemed lessinclined to view China as an actual or potential strategic competitor and morehopeful that, in the post-September 11 world, all the great powers would beunited by common dangers ... [and] increasingly . . . by common values.</p>	Harvard University	Aaron Friedberg
344	The Future of Urban Development & Services	<p>India’s urban population of 410 million makes it the secondlargest</p> <p>urban community in the world. Yet, the urbanization</p> <p>ratio (32%) is still low. Overall, the provision of basic urban</p> <p>services is poor. Total investments of at least $640.2 billion</p> <p>are needed for urban infrastructure and services until</p> <p>2031 to meet the needs of the growing urban population</p> <p>and improve the standard of living of the existing urban</p> <p>population. The funding gap is estimated at $80?110</p> <p>billion.3</p> <p>The new administration, in office since May 2014, has</p> <p>announced a number of urban development policies and</p> <p>initiatives in quick succession. This report addresses the</p> <p>issue of how India can unlock the full potential of urban</p> <p>regeneration and development to enable inclusive growth</p> <p>with the participation of the world’s leading private sector</p> <p>organizations.</p> <p>India aims to achieve “Faster, More Inclusive and</p> <p>Sustainable Growth”.4 Achieving inclusiveness involves</p> <p>addressing poverty reduction, group equality, regional</p> <p>balance, inequality and empowerment. To achieve these</p> <p>objectives, however, the country needs to address several</p> <p>challenges: India currently ranks 71 out of 144 countries in</p> <p>the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2014-2015, below</p> <p>its BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) peers, and scores</p> <p>worst among the BRIC countries in technological readiness</p> <p>(2.7 out of 7.0), innovation (3.5) and infrastructure (3.6). Two</p> <p>recent surveys conducted by the Forum among business</p> <p>leaders and international investors revealed that both</p> <p>groups consider funding and financing, as well as policy and</p> <p>regulation, as main obstacles to investing in India.</p> <p>The Government of India has sought to foster urban</p> <p>development by introducing legislation such as the Right to</p> <p>Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,</p> <p>Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act and through various</p> <p>initiatives, such as the creation of five industrial corridors</p> <p>and, more recently, the launching of the Make in India</p> <p>programme and the 100 Smart Cities programme.</p> <p>The FUDS Initiative provides three strategic</p> <p>recommendations for the Government of India to advance</p> <p>the debate around the newly announced policies and</p> <p>initiatives on urban development</p>	World Economic Forum	WEF
345	The Future of Water in African Cities	<p>The overall goal of this book is to change the way urban policy makers think about urban water management, planning, and project design in Africa. African cities are growing quickly, and their current water management systems cannot keep up with growing demand. It will take a concerted effort on the part of decision makers across sectors and institutions to find a way to provide sustainable water services to African city dwellers. This book argues that these complex challenges require innovative solutions and a management system that can work across institutional, sectoral, and geographic boundaries. A survey conducted for this analysis shows that African city leaders and utility operators are looking for ways to include a broader range of issues?such as water resources management, flood and drought preparation, rainwater harvesting, and solid waste management?than previously addressed in their water management plans. This book argues that integrated urban water management (IUWM) will help policy makers in African cities consider a wider range of solutions, understand water’s interaction with other sectors, and secure resilience under a range of future conditions.</p>	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank	Michael Jacobsen, Michael Webster, and Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy
346	The Future of Work: Digitalisation in the US Labour Market	<p>The aim of these briefings is to analyse the effect of digitalisation in the US on:</p> <p>? job creation and job losses;</p> <p>? expectations regarding the skills required for the jobs of the future, and how the US</p> <p>education system and labour market respond to those (formal and informal)</p> <p>requirements;</p> <p>? changing working conditions.</p> <p>As the US West Coast economy could be considered as a ‘laboratory for the future’, we pay</p> <p>special attention to the actual situation in Silicon Valley.</p>	European Parliament	Daphn? Valsamis, An De Coen, Valentijn Vanoeteren
347	THE FUTURE WOMEN WANT A Vision of Sustainable Development for All	<p>Rio+20 provides an opportunity for leaders&nbsp;to strengthen the foundation laid 20 years&nbsp;ago at the 1992 Earth Summit to build a&nbsp;path towards a sustainable future.&nbsp;</p> <p>Twenty years ago, UN Member States&nbsp;unanimously agreed that “women have a&nbsp;vital role in environmental management and&nbsp;development. Their full participation is therefore&nbsp;essential to achieve sustainable development”.</p>	UN Women	Michelle Bachelet
348	The German technology industry Opportunities in a more open supply chain	<p>Despite the euro crisis, the German economy is still performing relatively well, not least because of the strong industrial&nbsp;base that has existed in Germany for decades. German car makers and mechanical engineering firms are now taking full&nbsp;advantage of the growing prosperity in the emerging markets beyond Europe, and are additionally gaining market share in&nbsp;Europe. The Dutch technology industry, suppliers in the metal, rubber and plastics sectors and technical service providers are&nbsp;benefiting from this, but it is evident that the potential has yet to be fully utilised.</p>	ING	Jurjen Witteveen
349	The Global Gender Gap Report 2013	<p>Countries and companies can be competitive only if they develop, attract and retain the best talent, both male and female. While governments have an important role to play in creating the right policy framework for improving women’s access and opportunities, it is also the imperative of companies to create workplaces where the best talent can flourish. Civil society, educators and media also have an important role to play in both empowering women and engaging men in the process.</p>	World Economic Forum	Professor Klaus Schwab 외 다수
350	The Global Science & Technology Revolution 2020, In-Depth Analyses	<p>The potential for significant and dominant global impacts by 2020. As RAND found in its prior study for the NIC, The Global Technology Revolution(2001), technology will continue to accelerate and integrate developments from multiple scientific disciplines in a “convergence” that will have profound effects on society.</p>	RAND	Richard Silberglitt et al.