환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 25101-25200

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 25101-25200

번호                  용어                  해설

25101    ◆         Pockel's readout optical modulator            ◆         a device that stores data in the form of images and employs a blue laser to write and a red laser to read or process data. Also, PROM.

25102    ◆         POE      ◆         Point of Exposure

25103    ◆         POGO   ◆         Privately-Owned/Government-Operated

25104    ◆         POHC    ◆         주요 유기유해성분  Principal organic hazardous constituents

25105    ◆         POHC    ◆         Principak Organic Hazardous Constituent

25106    ◆         POI       ◆         Point of Interception

25107    ◆         Poincare surface of section          ◆            a method of showing the characteristics of a trajectory without examining its complete time development, by sampling the trajectory periodically and plotting the rate of change of a quantity under study against the value of that quantity at the beginning of each period. Also, POINCARe MAP, SURFACE OF SECTION.

25108    ◆         Poinsot motion   ◆         the motion of a torque-free rotating rigid body in space, in general whose angular velocity vector precesses regularly about the constant angular momentum vector.

25109    ◆         Poinsot's method ◆         a method of describing Poinsot motion, using a geometric construction in which the inertia ellipsoid rolls without slip on the invariable plane.

25110    ◆         point contact      ◆         the pressure contact between the surface of a semiconductor and a metallic point.

25111    ◆         point of application         ◆         the position on a rigid body at which a force is applied.

25112    ◆         point of contraflexure      ◆         a point across which the bending moment on a flexural member changes sign; the bending moment at that point is zero. Also, POINT OF INFLECTION, POINT OF REFLECTION.

25113    ◆         point particle     ◆         an idealized object that has mass and possibly charge or other attributes, but which is considered to have zero volume. Also, MATERIAL PARTICLE.

25114    ◆         POINT SOURCE   ◆         점오염원; 오염배출이 특정한 지점일때

25115    ◆         Point Source      ◆         A stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single ide-ntifiable source of pollution; e.g., a pipe, ditch, ship, ore pit, factory smokestack.

25116    ◆         point-blank range           ◆         a distance between the target and the firing point of a projectile, which is so short that any deflection of the trajectory from a straight line may be totally ignored.

25117    ◆         point-contact diode         ◆         a diode in which a fine wire, known as a cat whisker, is pressed against a semiconductor surface; used in microwave applications.

25118    ◆         point-contact transistor    ◆         a device that has two or more point contacts adjacent to one another on the surface of a semiconductor and is capable of high-current amplification.

25119    ◆         Point-of-Contact Measurement of Exposure            ◆         Estimating exposure by measuring concentrations over time (while the exposure is taking place) at or near the place where it is occurring.

25120    ◆         Point-of-Disinfectant Application   ◆            The point where disinfectant is applied and water downstream of that point is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.

25121    ◆         Point-of-Use Treatment Device      ◆            Treatment device applied to a single tap to reduce contaminants in the drinking water at the one faucet.

25122    ◆         Poison Ratio (폐해 비율)  ◆         재료가 인장의 상태에 놓여지는 경우, 축방향의 스트레스뿐만 아니라 측면 방향의 스트레스도 존재하는 것이 실험으로 실증된다. 폐해 비율은, 압력 트랜스듀서에 사용되는 게이지에 주어지는 일그러짐을 계산에 의해 알 수 있는 중요한 요소이다다. 수학상, 폐해 비율은 축일그러짐으로 나누어진 측면 일그러짐과 동일하다.

25123    ◆         Poisson number  ◆         the reciprocal of the Poisson ratio.

25124    ◆         Poisson ratio      ◆         the absolute ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain of a long specimen under an axial tensile or compressive stress at its ends.

25125    ◆         Poisson relation  ◆         for a body longitudinally stressed within its elastic limits, the ratio of unit elongation (c) to unit lateral contraction (s).

25126    ◆         Poisson-Boltzmann equation        ◆            an approximate equation governing the distribution of ions near a charged particle or surface; generally most valid at low concentrations.

25127    ◆         polar axis           ◆         an axis in a crystal that exhibits different properties at its two ends, having directionality (like an arrow). These properties include face development and charge accumulation, and they may be used to define the directionality of the axis.  Astronomy.  ㆍ the diameter of a sphere that connects its two poles.the diameter of a sphere that connects its two poles. ㆍ the axis, parallel to the earth's axis, about which an equatorially mounted telescope revolves to keep a celestial object in the field of view.the axis, parallel to the earth's axis, about which an equatorially mounted telescope revolves to keep a celestial object in the field of view.  Mathematics. the directed line relative to which the angular coordinate of a polar coordinate system is measured. In the usual system, this is the positive x-axis (or the positive real axis).

25128    ◆         polar bond         ◆         a bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally; i.e., one atom acquires a partial negative charge and the other a partial positive charge, and the entire molecule remains neutral. Also, polar bonding, polar covalent bond

25129    ◆         polar compound ◆         a compound that has an electric dipole moment and interacts with other polar molecules through electrostatic forces.

25130    ◆         polar electrojet   ◆         a narrow belt of intense electric current flowing through the lower ionosphere in the polar regions.

25131    ◆         polar group       ◆         a group having a large dipole moment, such as -OH or -COOH.  Materials Science. any structure in which a strong attractive force shifts some electrons to cause an unbalanced distribution.

25132    ◆         polar ice            ◆         any sea ice that is more than one year old and more than 3 meters thick. Also, ARCTIC PACK.

25133    ◆         polar molecule   ◆         a molecule in which a pair of opposite charges of equal magnitude are permanently separated at a specific distance from each other.

25134    ◆         polar radiation pattern     ◆         a plot of the acoustic response of an acoustic-to-electroacoustic transducer in all directions on a specific plane.

25135    ◆         polar timing diagram      ◆         a diagram showing the events of an engine cycle relative to the crankshaft position.

25136    ◆         polar variation    ◆         a small change or wobble in the earth's axis of rotation.

25137    ◆         polarimetric analysis        ◆         the measurement of the number of degrees and direction of rotation of a plane of polarized light as it passes through an optically active compound, determined by the use of prisms.

25138    ◆         polarity effect     ◆         a condition in which the magnitude of the breakdown voltage between two electrodes depends on the polarity of the voltage between the electrodes.

25139    ◆         polarity epoch    ◆         an era in the earth's history in which the magnetic field has one predominant polarity.

25140    ◆         polarity event     ◆         a relatively short period of time (100,000 years or less) within a polarity epoch in which the polarity of the earth's magnetic field is opposite to the predominant polarity of that epoch.

25141    ◆         POLARIZATION   ◆         편극 : 비선형적인 작동을 보이는 전극을 일컫는 말

25142    ◆         polarization factor           ◆         a factor that takes into account the reduction in intensity on X-ray scattering as a result of polarization on reflection.

25143    ◆         polarization potential      ◆         either the electric field vector or magnetic field vector from which an electric scalar potential or a magnetic vector potential, respectively, can be derived. Also, HERTZ VECTOR.

25144    ◆         polarized electrode         ◆         an electrode that has sufficient electrolytic activity to be identified as an anode or a cathode.

25145    ◆         polarized ion source        ◆         a device that generates a beam of ions with the same alignment and spin.

25146    ◆         polarogram        ◆         the graphic representation of an electroanalytical technique in which the current at a dropping mercury electrode is plotted against the electrode potential.

25147    ◆         polarographic analysis     ◆         the measurement of the current at an electrode in an electrolysis cell as a function of the applied potential, i.e., a current-voltage relationship; techniques include alternating-current polarography, square-valve polarography, and so on. Also, POLAROGRAPHY.

25148    ◆         polarographic cell           ◆         a flask, cup, or jar containing reference and indicator electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution; used to hold a test solution for polarography.

25149    ◆         POLAROGRAPHY ◆         폴라로그라피법 : 전해분석의 하나

25150    ◆         pole      ◆         an orientation direction perpendicular to a face of a crystal.

25151    ◆         polhode ◆         for a rotating rigid body of arbitrary shape subjected to no forces other than its own weight and the reaction of the support at its center of mass, the curve traced by the tip of its angular velocity vector with respect to a frame of reference coinciding with its principal axes of inertia.

25152    ◆         polishing           ◆         the process of using abrasive materials to smooth, polish, and brighten a surface, such as metal, rock, or wood.

25153    ◆         polishing roll      ◆         a roll or series of rolls on a plastic mold with highly polished, chrome-plated surfaces; used to produce a smooth surface on a plastic sheet as it is extruded.

25154    ◆         Pollen    ◆         The fertilizing element of flowering plants; background air pollutant.

25155    ◆         POLLUTANT        ◆         인위적인 오염물질

25156    ◆         Pollutant            ◆         Generally, any substance introduced into the environment that asversely affects the usefulness of a a resource or the health of humans, animals, or ecosystems.

25157    ◆         Pollutant Pathways          ◆         Avenues for distribution of pollutants. In most buildings, for example, HVAC systems are the primary pathways although all building components can interract to affect how air movement distributes pollutants. Pollutant Standard Index (PSI): Indicator of one or more pollutants that may be used to inform the public about the potential for adverse health effects from air pollution in major cities.

25158    ◆         POLLUTANT RELEASE AND TRANSFER REGISTER           ◆         환경오염물질 배출 및 이동등록

25159    ◆         POLLUTANTS STANDARDS INDEX  ◆            오염물질 표준지표 : 다양한 오염물에 대한 총괄적인 평가기준

25160    ◆         POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE           ◆            오염자부담원칙 : 3P, OECD국가들이 엄격한 환경규정을 도입하고, 높은 비용과 경쟁력에 미치는 부정적인 영향이 도출되기 시작한 1970년대 초부터 환경정책의 기본원칙으로대두된 원칙으로 오염방지 조치를 이행하거나 오염으로 야기된 피해를 보상하는 데 드는 비용을 오염자가 부담해야 한다는 것을 의미함

25161    ◆         POLLUTION        ◆         오염; 폐기물이나 기타 해로운 물질의 배출에 의한 토양, 물 또는 공기의 질적 저하

25162    ◆         Pollution            ◆         Generally, the presence of a substance in the environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the functioning of natural processes and produces undesirable environmental and health effects. Under the Clean Water Act, for  example, the term has been defined as the man-made or man-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of water and other media.

25163    ◆         POLLUTION ABATEMENT FUND    ◆            오염저감기금 : 오염 기업에 대한 부과금과 벌금을 재원으로 하여 기업과 자치단체의 오염통제투자에 지출하는 기금을 말함

25164    ◆         Pollution Alarm System    ◆         오염경보체계

25165    ◆         POLLUTION HEAVEN HYPOTHESIS ◆            공해천국설 : 개도국이 환경 규제 강도를 낮추어 선진국의 공해 산업을 유치한다는 가설로 환경관련조치가 산업이주에 미치는 영향에 관한 OECD보고서에 나오는 가설

25166    ◆         pollution heavn effect      ◆         공해를 선진국으로부터 개도국 이동

25167    ◆         Pollution Permits ◆         오염 배출권제도 (오염을 배출할 수 있는 권리를 양도 가능하도록 하는 제도)

25168    ◆         Pollution Prevention        ◆         1. Identifying areas, processes, and activities which create excessive waste products or pollutants in order to reduce or prevent them through, alteration, or eliminating a process. Such activities, consistent with the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, are conducted across all EPA programs and can involve cooperative efforts with such agencies as the Departments of Agriculture and Energy. 2. EPA has initiated a number of voluntary programs in which industrial, or commercial or partners join with EPA in promoting activities that conserve energy, conserve and protect water supply, reduce emissions ro find ways of utilizing them as energy resources, and reduce the waste stream. Among these are: Agstar, to reduce methane emissions through manure management. Climate Wise, to lower industrial greenhouse-gas emissions and energy costs. Coalbed Methane Outreach, to boost methane recovery at coal mines. Design for the Environment, to foster including environmental considerations in product design and processes. Energy Star programs, to promote energy efficiency in commercial and residential buildings, office equipment, transformers, computers, office equipment, and home appliances. Environmental Accounting, to help businesses identify environmental costs and factor them into management decision making. Green Chemistry, to promote and recognize cost-effective breakthroughs in chemistry that prevent pollution. Green Lights, to spread the use of energy-efficient lighting technologies. Indoor Environments, to reduce risks from indoor-air pollution. Landfill Methane Outreach, to develop landfill gas-to-energy projects. Natural Gas Star, to reduce methane emissions from the natural gas industry. Ruminant Livestock Methane, to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock. Transportation Partners, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector. Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership, toreduce perfluorocarbon emissions from the primary aluminum insustry. Wastewi$e, to reduce business-generated solid waste through prevention, reuse, and recycling. (See: Common Sense Initiative and Project XL.)

25169    ◆         POLLUTION PREVENTION ◆         오염방지 : 사후조치를 통해 오염을 통제하거나 제거하는 것에 초점을 맞추는 접근방법과 오염을 감축시키거나 방지할 수 있는 생산 공정 및 제품의 개선을 강조하는 오염 예방 방법을 통칭하는 용어임

25170    ◆         Polonium           ◆         A radioactive element that occurs in pitchblende and other uranium-containing ores.

25171    ◆         polonium           ◆         a radioactive metallic element having the symbol Po, the atomic number 84, an atomic weight of 210, a melting point of 250°C, and a boiling point of 962°C; a very hazardous member of the uranium decay series that has no stable isotopes, occurs naturally in uranium ores, and is prepared artificially by neutron bombardment of bismuth; used as a source of alpha particles and neutrons, and as a moisture determinant and static dissipater. (From the Medieval Latin name for Poland, the birthplace of its codiscoverer, Marie Sklodowska Curie.)

25172    ◆         polonium-210    ◆         a radioactive isotope of polonium with a half-life of 138.4 days; found in pitchblende and radium-lead residues, it decays by alpha-ray emission and is useful, because of its alpha activity, in neutron sources.

25173    ◆         POLREP ◆         Pollution Report

25174    ◆         polyacid ◆         ㆍ having more than one replaceable hydrogen atom.having more than one replaceable hydrogen atom. ㆍ an acid having more than one replaceable hydrogen atom.an acid having more than one replaceable hydrogen atom. 3. of a base or basic radical, capable of neutralizing several molecules of an acid radical.of a base or basic radical, capable of neutralizing several molecules of an acid radical.

25175    ◆         polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis            ◆         in a polyacrylamide gel, the migration of electrically charged particles (ions) under an applied electric potential.

25176    ◆         polyamine          ◆         a compound that contains more than one amino group.

25177    ◆         polyatomic         ◆         containing more than two atoms.

25178    ◆         polybasic           ◆         of an acid, disassociating in solution to yield two or more H+ ions per molecule.

25179    ◆         Polybrominted Biphenyls  ◆            polybrominated biphenyls은 poly bro'min a ted bi fen'olz로 발음한다. 밭작물과 야채류를 손상시키는 여러 유해한 곰팡이를 제거하는 살충제로서 사용되는 제조물이다. 이것은 자연적으로는 발생하지 않는다. 순수한 polybrominated biphenyls은 정의할 수 없는  특징적인 냄새와 맛을 가진 무색의 기름이다. 기술적인 제품은 향기가나는 어두운 황색이다. 일반적인 무명은 Di-syston,Disystox, Frumin AL, Soilvirex 이다. 무역명의 사용은 확인을 위한 것이지 독성물질과 질병 등록을 위한 에이전시(Agency for Tixic Substances and Disease Registry)또는 미국의 보건복지부(U.S. Department of Health and  Human Services)등의 승인을 증명하는 것이다.        곡물, 사탕수수, 옥수수, 다른 농작물 등을 보호하기 위해 사용된다. 일부 야채류, 과일류, 진과류, 관목, 화분에 담은 식물을 해충으로부터 보호한다. 비록 주로 농업에서 사용하지만, 소량은 집, 정원수에서 또는 습지의 모기를 없애기 위해 사용되기도 한다. polybrominated biphenyls은 최근에 사용이 저하되고 있다.

25180    ◆         polycyclic           ◆         of a molecule, containing three or more closed atomic rings.

25181    ◆         polydisperse       ◆         of a colloidal system, composed of particles of many sizes.

25182    ◆         polydispersity     ◆         the tendency of colloidal particle size to vary within a dispersion.

25183    ◆         POLYELECTROLYTE FLOCCULATION            ◆         고분자 응집제, =polymer coaggulant

25184    ◆         Polyelectrolytes   ◆         Synthetic chemicals that help solids to clump during sewage treatment.

25185    ◆         polyetheretherketone ( PEEK )       ◆            초순수한 물 배관 재료로서 이용되는 내열, 결정성폴리머-. 성형으로는 안정제등을  사용하지 않고, 크린인 환경으로(에서) 제조하는 세정 출하되고 있다. 배관은 접착제를 사용하지 않고 용착시공한다.

25186    ◆         polyethylene glycol induced fusion            ◆         the fusion of cells in a tissue culture caused by the dissolving of cell membranes by a hydrocarbon solvent.

25187    ◆         polyforming       ◆         a petroleum-refinery process to manufacture gasoline from petroleum gases, in which the gases containing unsaturated hydrocarbons are heated and injected into the middle of the cracking furnace. Also, polyform process.

25188    ◆         Polymer ◆         A natural or synthetic chemical structure where two or more like molecules are joined to form a more complex molecular structure (e.g., polyethylene in plastic). Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A tough, environmentally indestructible plastic that releases hydrochloric acid when burned.

25189    ◆         POLYMER MODIFICATION/COMPATIBILIZATION         ◆         중합체 변형 상용화제법

25190    ◆         polymerase chain reaction           ◆            a technique in which repeated cycles of DNA synthesis are carried out to produce a large number of a specific DNA sequence.

25191    ◆         polymeric          ◆         of two or more compounds, having the same elements combined in the same proportions but having different molecular weights.

25192    ◆         polymerism        ◆         the state of being polymeric.  Botany. the state of being polymerous.

25193    ◆         POLYMERIZATION           ◆         고분자화 : 동일분자를 2개이상 결합하여 분자량이 큰 화합물을 생성하는 현상

25194    ◆         polymorph         ◆         any of several crystals of the same substance that occur naturally in many forms. Also, polymorphic modification.

25195    ◆         polymorphism    ◆         the property of crystallizing in two or more forms with distinct structures, as opposed to dimorphism if only two forms occur.

25196    ◆         Polysatprobic      ◆         강부수성 지역; 하천에 하수등유기성 오수의 유입으로 인한 변화상태를 kolkwitz 와 marson이 4지대로 구분한 것중의 하나

25197    ◆         polysulfide         ◆         any sulfide whose molecules contain two or more sulfur atoms.

25198    ◆         polysulfide treating         ◆         a petroleum-refining process that removes sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide from sulfuric acid sludges remaining from petroleum treatments.

25199    ◆         polytype ◆         any form of a crystal that is capable of occurring naturally in more than one form.

25200    ◆         polyunsaturated  ◆         containing two or more double or triple bonds per molecule.

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