환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23801-23900

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23801-23900

번호                  용어                  해설

23801    ◆         notch    ◆         ㆍ a rectangular depression that drops below the sweep line in some types of radar equipment.a rectangular depression that drops below the sweep line in some types of radar equipment. ㆍ the point on a graph, especially the graph of a frequency response, where the line drops sharply before immediately returning to its original value.the point on a graph, especially the graph of a frequency response, where the line drops sharply before immediately returning to its original value. 3. a drop in frequency response commonly seen in such frequency-rejection circuits as band-suppression filters.a drop in frequency response commonly seen in such frequency-rejection circuits as band-suppression filters.  Engineering. a geometric (usually V-shaped) indentation or cut in the border or surface of an object.

23802    ◆         notch filter         ◆         a device that sharply attenuates or rejects a given frequency band at both ends; commonly used in television transmitters to prevent sound interferences between channels.

23803    ◆         notching            ◆         the process of cutting various shapes from the end of a strip, blank, or part.

23804    ◆         note      ◆         ㆍ a symbol denoting a musical tone of specific frequency and duration that is related to other notes in a common scale by either a whole step interval or a half step.a symbol denoting a musical tone of specific frequency and duration that is related to other notes in a common scale by either a whole step interval or a half step. ㆍ the tone designated by this symbol, sounded on a musical instrument.the tone designated by this symbol, sounded on a musical instrument.

23805    ◆         Notice of Deficiency        ◆         An EPA request to a facility owner or operator requesting additional information before a preliminary decision on a permit application can be made.

23806    ◆         Notice of Intent to Cancel            ◆            Notification sent to registrants when EPA decides to cancel registration of a product containing a pesticide.

23807    ◆         Notice of Intent to Deny  ◆            Notification by EPA of its preliminary intent to deny a permit application.

23808    ◆         Notice of Intent to Suspend         ◆            Notification sent to a pesticide registrant when EPA decides to supend product sale and distribution because of failure to submit requested data in a timely and/or acceptable manner, or because of imminent hazard. (See: emergency suspension.)

23809    ◆         Notice of Itent to Cancel  ◆            Notification sent to registrants when EPA decides to cancel registration of a product containing a pesticide.

23810    ◆         NOx      ◆         Nitrogen Oxides

23811    ◆         noy       ◆         a unit of measurement for perceived noise level.

23812    ◆         nozzle efficiency ◆         the efficiency with which a nozzle converts potential energy into kinetic energy, given as a ratio between the actual change in kinetic energy and an ideal change at a specified pressure.

23813    ◆         np junction        ◆         an area that serves as a transition between semiconductor material with the opposite electrical properties.

23814    ◆         NPCA    ◆         National Pest Control Association

23815    ◆         NPDES   ◆         National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

23816    ◆         NPDWR ◆         National Primary Drinking Water Regulation

23817    ◆         NPHAP  ◆         National Pesticide Hazard Assessment Program

23818    ◆         npin transistor    ◆         a device that has a layer of high-purity (intrinsic) germanium wedged between its p-type base and n-type collector to increase its frequency range.

23819    ◆         NPIRS    ◆         National Pesticide Information Retrieval System

23820    ◆         NPL      ◆         국가우선순위목록; 문제가 심각한 개선대상 불량매립지들의 우선순위목록으로 미국 환경보호청이 작성. National Priorities List

23821    ◆         npn transistor     ◆         a junction that is formed by placing a thin layer of p-type semiconductor material between two layers of n-type semiconductor material, so that current will flow through both.

23822    ◆         NPTN    ◆         National Pestcide Telecomnmunications Network

23823    ◆         NR        ◆         잡음제거 : noise reduction

23824    ◆         NRC      ◆         감음계수  Noise reduction coefficient

23825    ◆         NRD      ◆         Naural Resource Damage

23826    ◆         NRDC    ◆         Natural Resources Defense Council

23827    ◆         NRN     ◆         소음평가는 일반적으로 소음레벨에 준하지만 소음대책을 검토할 경우는 소음을 주파수 분석하여 밴드레벨의 측정치와 적당한 소음평가곡선을 비교하여 어느주파수 대역이 문제가 되는지 알 필요가 있기에 채택된 것. Noise rating number

23828    ◆         NSDWR ◆         National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations

23829    ◆         NSEC    ◆         National System for Emergency Coordination

23830    ◆         NSEP     ◆         National System for Emergency Preparedness

23831    ◆         NSPS     ◆         New Source Performance Standards

23832    ◆         NSR      ◆         New Source Review

23833    ◆         NTI       ◆         National Toxics Inventory

23834    ◆         NTIS      ◆         National Technical Information Service

23835    ◆         NTNCWS           ◆         Non-Transient Non-Community Water System

23836    ◆         NTNP (National Treatment and Nondiscrimination)          ◆         내국민대우 및 무차별원칙 - OECD에서 제시된 4대 원칙중하나. 각국은 환경조치시행시 GATT의 내국민 대우 및 무차별 원칙을 준수해야 한다는 원칙

23837    ◆         NTP      ◆         National Toxicology Program

23838    ◆         NTU      ◆         Nephlometric Tubidity Unit

23839    ◆         n-type conduction          ◆         the transmission of current in a semiconductor that arises from the action of electrons rather than holes.

23840    ◆         n-type crystal rectifier      ◆         a crystal rectifier in which forward current flows when the semiconductor material is negative with respect to the metal.

23841    ◆         n-type semiconductor      ◆         a semiconductor material in which there are more electrons than holes.

23842    ◆         nuclear absorption          ◆         the process by which a nucleus acquires energy.

23843    ◆         nuclear capture  ◆         a process by which a particle, such as a neutron, proton, or electron, merges with a nucleus.

23844    ◆         nuclear chemical engineering       ◆            the application ofChemical engineering to such processes as the design of nuclear reactors, separating isotopes, and reclaiming radioactive fuel.

23845    ◆         nuclear collision ◆         the bombardment of a nucleus by another nucleus or particles.

23846    ◆         nuclear cross section       ◆         a quantity with the dimensions of an area that is equal to the fraction of the area of the beam perpendicular to the target that is effective in nuclear reactions.

23847    ◆         nuclear decay mode        ◆         one of several reactions in which a nucleus undergoes radioactive decay, characterized by the isotope produced or the type of radiation emitted.

23848    ◆         nuclear density   ◆         a quantity that establishes the mass per unit volume of a nucleus, based on a variety of experiments that reproduce the same figure.

23849    ◆         nuclear force      ◆         the interaction that binds nucleons together in a nucleus, operating so that the strong nuclear force can overcome the repulsive (coulomb) force that separates bound nucleons by certain average distances.

23850    ◆         nuclear ground state       ◆         a term used to describe a particle that is motionless and at its lowest level of energy. Also, GROUND STATE, NORMAL STATE.

23851    ◆         nuclear magnetic moment           ◆            a measure of the strength of the magnetic force in a nucleus at a given point calculated to give the negative value of energy produced by the interaction of a nucleus with a magnetic field. Also, NEUTRON MAGNETIC MOMENT.

23852    ◆         nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer  ( NMR  )           ◆         핵자기 공명 장치 : 자장의 핵의 자기 모멘트는 밖으로부터 더해지는 자석장소의 영향을 받아, 일정한 빠름에서 운동하지만, 이 운동 주기와  같은 주파수의 전자파를 외부에서 보내면 전자  모멘트와 전자파가 공명되어, 전자파의 에너지를 흡수한다. 이것이 핵자기 공명이고, 또한 전자의  변화하는 것을 관찰하고, 물질의 구조 (관능기초의 존재등) 을  조사하는 수법.

23853    ◆         nuclear magneton           ◆         a unit of measure of the strength of the magnetic moment of baryons.

23854    ◆         nuclear mass      ◆         the quantity of matter in a nucleus, which is less than the total mass of its nucleons by its binding energy divided by the square of the speed of light.

23855    ◆         nuclear molecule ◆         a combination of two or more nuclei brought together in energetic collisions that overcome long-range electrostatic repulsive forces, so that molecular binding results from the attraction of short-range nuclear forces, as distinguished from chemical molecules held together by valence bonds.

23856    ◆         nuclear moments            ◆         a collective term for electric moments generated by deviations of nuclear charge distribution from spherical symmetry, and magnetic (dipole and quadrupole) moments deriving from rotational motion and intrinsic spin of nucleons within the nucleus.

23857    ◆         nuclear orientation          ◆         the alignment, with respect to an arbitrary axis, of a collection of separate nuclear spins, for which any direction is equally probable, so that the quantized axis of the nuclear spin system gives a net axis of polarization.

23858    ◆         nuclear potential ◆         the level of energy that a nuclear particle may possess, based on its position in the field of a nucleus or in its relation to another particle

23859    ◆         nuclear potential energy  ◆         the average amount of energy found in the protons and neutrons of a nucleus that arise from the nuclear forces between them, excluding the electrostatic potential energy

23860    ◆         nuclear quadrupole moment        ◆            a force arising from the deviation of shape from idealized sphericity of nuclear charge distribution on nonspherical (prolate and oblate) nuclei.

23861    ◆         nuclear radiation ◆         a term used to identify particles, such as neutrons, electrons, or photons, that are released from the nucleus as by-products of radioactive decay and nuclear reactions.

23862    ◆         nuclear radiation spectroscopy     ◆            the analysis of the energy spectra from nuclear reactions in order to elaborate on details of structure, energy partition, disintegration schemes, and the like.

23863    ◆         nuclear radius    ◆         the distance from the center of a sphere to the radius at which the nucleus has decreased to half its central value; the unit of measure is the fermi, equal to 10-13 cm.

23864    ◆         nuclear reaction  ◆         a reaction that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom, such as decay, fission, or fusion, as opposed to a chemical reaction that only affects the electron structure surrounding the the nucleus. Also, REACTION.

23865    ◆         nuclear reactor   ◆         an assembly of fuel core, moderator, containment, control apparatus, and associated equipment used to create large-scale controlled nuclear reactions for the production of energy or nuclides or for research. Also, ATOMIC REACTOR, FISSION REACTOR, PILE.

23866    ◆         Nuclear Reactors and Support Facilities            ◆         Uranium mills, commercial power reactors, fuel reprocessing plants, and uranium enrichment facilities.

23867    ◆         nuclear resonance           ◆         ㆍ a state that is created when the nucleus collides with a bombarding particle and produces a burst of energy.a state that is created when the nucleus collides with a bombarding particle and produces a burst of energy. ㆍ a process in which a nucleus absorbs energy from radio-frequency fields at certain frequencies.a process in which a nucleus absorbs energy from radio-frequency fields at certain frequencies.

23868    ◆         nuclear spin       ◆         the total angular momentum of a nucleus measured as the vector sum of the angular momenta of all its component nucleons and its various components analogous to rotation around an axis. Also, NUCLEAR ANGULAR MOMENTUM.

23869    ◆         nuclear stability  ◆         the resistance of an isotope to decay or fission as determined by the relative strength of nuclear forces that bind nucleons together and the repulsive (coulomb) force from the protons' electric charge; nuclides with magic numbers of protons and neutrons are especially stable.

23870    ◆         nuclear transformation    ◆         a process in which one element is transformed into another, such as when uranium-238 is transformed into plutonium-239 by bombarding it with neutrons. Also, nuclear transmutation.

23871    ◆         nuclear transplantation    ◆         a technique in which the nucleus of one cell is placed into another cell that already has a nucleus or in which the nucleus has been previously destroyed; the nuclei are exchanged using fine glass needles. Also, NUCLEAR TRANSFER.

23872    ◆         nuclear triode detector    ◆         a device that can determine the location and energy level of ionizing radiation.

23873    ◆         Nuclear Winter   ◆         Prediction by some scientists that smoke and debris rising from massive fires of a nuclear war could block sunlight for weeks or months, cooling the earth's surface and producing climate changes that could, for example, negatively affect world agricultural and weather patterns.

23874    ◆         nucleate boiling  ◆         a type of pool boiling in which the bubbles form at the liquid-solid interface and vapor escapes in jets or columns.

23875    ◆         nucleation of crystals      ◆         the action of a tiny seed crystal, dust particle, or other nucleus in starting a crystallization process; for example, in the seeding of a cloud for the production of ice crystals.

23876    ◆         nucleon ◆         a proton or a neutron, particularly as a component of a nucleus; a general term for either proton or neutron.

23877    ◆         nucleophile        ◆         an ion or molecule that has a partial or complete negative charge, so that it can donate an electron pair to another atom. (Literally, nucleus lover.)

23878    ◆         nucleophilic       ◆         ㆍ relating to a process in which electrons are donated to another atom or molecule.relating to a process in which electrons are donated to another atom or molecule. ㆍ describing a substance that has electrons available for donation.describing a substance that has electrons available for donation.

23879    ◆         nucleophilic reagent        ◆         a molecule that forms a bond with another molecule by donating an electron pair during a chemical reaction.

23880    ◆         nucleus ◆         the central region of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons (known collectively as nucleons). An atomic nucleus of atomic weight A and atomic number Z contains A nucleons, consisting of Z protons and A - Z neutrons.

23881    ◆         nuclide  ◆         a species of atom that is distinguished by the number of neutrons or protons it contains, and by the amount of energy in its nucleus. Also, NUCLEAR SPECIES, SPECIES.

23882    ◆         Nuclide ◆         An atom characterized by the number of protons, neturons, and energy in the nucleus.

23883    ◆         nuee ardente      ◆         an avalanche of fiery ash enveloped in gas from a volcanic eruption. Also, GLOWING CLOUD, PELEAN CLOUD.

23884    ◆         Null (눌) ◆         출력의 최소 절대치에 귀도착하는 평형 상태 같은 상태.  예: 압력 트랜스듀서에 있어서의 눌은, 제로점압력에 있어서의 오프 세트또는 에러가 제로로 되도록, 오프셋을 조정한 상태.

23885    ◆         null-current circuit          ◆         a circuit used to measure current, in which the unknown current is opposed by a current generated by a voltage applied across an adjustable wire, so that the sum of the two currents always equals zero when measured by a direct-current amplifier.

23886    ◆         null-current measurement            ◆            a current value that is determined by using a null-current circuit.

23887    ◆         NUMBER CONCENTRATION         ◆            농도개수

23888    ◆         Number of organisms     ◆         유기체의 개체수

23889    ◆         NUMBER OF THEORETICAL PLATE ◆            이론단수 : 크로마토그래피 봉우리 정량적인 척도로 이용

23890    ◆         numerical display device  ◆         a device that displays the information as digits (rather than by analog means such as a pointer or deflection of a point of light).

23891    ◆         numerical indicator tube  ◆         an electron tube that can display numbers, and sometimes, letters and other symbols.

23892    ◆         nurse crop         ◆         a crop that is planted with another crop in order to provide shade and prevent weed growth.

23893    ◆         nutation ◆         the rhythmic variation of the angle between the precession axis and the body rotation axis, which can occur in a precessing body.

23894    ◆         NutraSweet        ◆         a trade name for aspartame, C14H18N2O5, a widely used artficial sweetener.

23895    ◆         Nutrient ◆         Any substance assimilated by living things things that promotes growth. The term is generally applied to nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, but is also applied to other essential and trace elements.

23896    ◆         NUTRIENT CONDITIONING           ◆            영양물질개량; 원료물질의 화학적 개량을 목적으로 영양물질 조절

23897    ◆         Nutrient Pollution           ◆            Contamination of water resources by excessive inputs of nutrients. In surface waters, excess algal production is a major concern.

23898    ◆         Nutrient requirements     ◆         영양소 요구량; 탄소원이나 에너지원과는 달리 영양소는 때때로 세포합성 및 성장을 제한하는 물질로서, 질소, 황, 인, 마그네슘, 칼슘, 철등을 들 수 있음

23899    ◆         NUTRIENT UPTAKE CAPACITY        ◆            영양소 흡수능력

23900    ◆         NUTRIENTS        ◆         영양염류; 예를 들어 질소, 인을 말함

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