환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23601-23700

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23601-23700

번호                  용어                  해설

23601    ◆         Nitrate   ◆         A compound containing nitrogen that can exist in the atmosphere or as a dissolved gas in water and which can have harmful effects on humans and animals. Nitrates in water can cause severe illness in infants and domestic animals. A plant nutrient nutrient and inorganic fertilizer, nitrate is found in septic systems, animal feed lots, agricultural fertiltzers, manure, industrial waste waters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps.

23602    ◆         NITRIC OXIDE     ◆         일산화질소

23603    ◆         Nitric Oxide (NO)            ◆         A gas formed by combustion under high temperature and high pressure in an internal combustion engine; it is converted by sunlight and photochemical processes in ambient air to nitrogen oxide. NO is a precursor of ground-level ozone pollution, or smog..

23604    ◆         NITRIFICATION    ◆         질산화; 암모니아가 먼저 아질산성 질소로 그리고 다시 질산성 질소로 전환되는 생물학적 과정

23605    ◆         Nitrification        ◆         The process whereby ammonia in wastewater is oxidized to nitrite and then to nitrate by bac- terial or chemical reactions. Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA): A compound now replacing phosphates in detergents

23606    ◆         Nitrite   ◆         1. An intermediate in the process of nitrification. 2. Nitrous oxide salts used in food preservation Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): The result of nitric oxide combining with oxygen in the atmosphere; major component of photochemical smog.

23607    ◆         NITRITE ◆         아질산성 질소, 아질산염

23608    ◆         Nitrite nitrogen   ◆         아질산성 질소; 아질사염을 질소량으로 나타낸 것NO2?N

23609    ◆         nitrocellulose membrane  ◆         a selectively permeable membrane composed of nitrocellulose fibers and used to separate single- and double-stranded nucleic acids.

23610    ◆         nitrogen balance ◆         the net gain or loss of nitrogen in a soil.

23611    ◆         NITROGEN DIOXIDE        ◆         이산화질소

23612    ◆         nitrogen fixation ◆         an industrial version of this natural process, carried out by bacterial action or by chemical means, used in producing fertilizers and other products.

23613    ◆         Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)      ◆         The result of photochemical reactions of nitric oxide in ambient air; major component of photochemical smog. Product of combustion from transportation and stationary sources and a major contributor to the formation fo ozone in the troposphere and to acid deposition.

23614    ◆         NITROGEN OXIDES          ◆         질소산화물; NOx,

23615    ◆         NITROGENOUS OXYGEN DEMAND            ◆         2 단계 BOD; NOD, 질소화합물을 호기성조건에서 미생물에 의해 분해시키는데 요하는 산소량

23616    ◆         Nitrogenous Wastes        ◆         Animal or vegetable residues that contain significant amounts of nitrogen.

23617    ◆         nitrometer         ◆         a glass apparatus used for the collection and measurement of nitrogen and other gases produced in chemical reactions. Also, AZOTOMETER.

23618    ◆         Nitrophenols      ◆         nitrophenols는 두가지 화학물질 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol을 가지고 있으며, 서로 매우 유사하다. 자연적인 환경에서 생성되지는 않고 인위적으로 제조된다. 하나의 물질을 제조하면 다른 하나는 항상 소량이 생성되어 성질을 논의할 때는 두 개를 하나의 그룹으로 하고 있으며 인체에 해를 준다.        2-Nitrophenol은 특유의 달콤한 향이 있는 옅은 황색의 고체이다. 4-Nitrophenol은 거의 냄새가 없는 무색이거나 옅은 황색의 고체이다.        2-Nitrophenol은 염료, 그림물감, 고무제품, 곰팡이를 제거하는 제품을 만든다. 4-Nitrophenol은 주로 약품, 살균제, 염료를 만들고 가죽을 무두질하는데 사용된다.        ATSDRIC@cdc.gov

23619    ◆         Nitrophenols      ◆         Synthetic organopesticides containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

23620    ◆         Nitrosomonas     ◆         질산화박테리아;

23621    ◆         NITROUS OXIDE  ◆         일산화질소, 아산화질소

23622    ◆         N-level logic      ◆         ㆍ a logic circuit or operation that recognizes more than two distinct signal levels.a logic circuit or operation that recognizes more than two distinct signal levels. ㆍ a group of gates that are connected in such a fashion that no more than N gates appear in a series.a group of gates that are connected in such a fashion that no more than N gates appear in a series.

23623    ◆         NMOC   ◆         Non-Methane Organic Compopent

23624    ◆         N-Multistix         ◆         the trade name for a reagent strip used in testing urine specimens for protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, occult blood, urobilinogen, and nitrite, and also to indicate urinary pH.

23625    ◆         NMVOC ◆         Non-methane Volatile Organic Chemicals

23626    ◆         nn junction        ◆         the section of a semiconductor that serves as a transition zone between two n-type regions whose electrical properties differ.

23627    ◆         NND     ◆         유럽에서 통용되는 퇴비의 중금속기준, 토양기준으로 다소 엄격한 기준; No net degradation in soil environment

23628    ◆         NNI      ◆         항공기 소음에 대해 채택된 지수; Noise and number index

23629    ◆         NNP      ◆         Net National Product의 약어로 국민 순생산. GNP-감가상각비

23630    ◆         NO       ◆         Nitric Oxide

23631    ◆         No Further Remedial Action Planned            ◆         Determination made by EPA following a preliminary assessment that a site does not pose a significant risk and so requires no further activity under CERCLA.

23632    ◆         No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) ◆         An exposure level at which thee are no statistically or biologically significant increases in the frequency or severity of adverse effects between the wxposed population and its appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered as asdverse, or as precurors to adverse effects. In an experiment with several NOAESs, the regulatory focus is primarily on the highest one, leading to the common usage of th4e term NOAESL as the highest exposure without adverse effect.ive.

23633    ◆         NO OBSERVABLE EFFECT CONCENTRATION           ◆         NOEC, 만성독성 시험결과 어떠한 영향도 관찰되지 않은 유출수의 농도중에서 최고농도를 의미

23634    ◆         NO OBSERVED ACUTE EFFECT LEVEL            ◆         NOAEL, 대상미생물 10% 정도 치사케한 유출수의 농도

23635    ◆         NO OBSERVED ADVERSE EFFECT LEVEL            ◆         미국에서 통용되는 퇴비의 중금속기준, 사람기준으로 위해성을 평가한 다소 완화된기준; NOAEL

23636    ◆         No Till   ◆         Planting crops without prior seedbed preparation, into an existing cover crop, sod, or crop residues, and eliminating subsequent tillage operations.

23637    ◆         NOA     ◆         Notice of Arrival

23638    ◆         NOAA   ◆         National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency

23639    ◆         NOAC   ◆         Nature of Action Code

23640    ◆         NO-ACTION       ◆         무대책 : 오염부지의 통제방법으로 출입통제, 상수원대책, 주민이주 등을 대안으로 하는 방법

23641    ◆         NOAEL  ◆         대상미생물 10% 정도 치사케한 유출수의 농도, No observed acute effect level

23642    ◆         NOAEL  ◆         No Observable Adverse Effect Level

23643    ◆         noble gas          ◆         a gas that is unreactive (inert) or reactive only to a limited extent with other elements; six noble gases make up a group on the periodic table: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. (So called because they do not mix readily with other elements; this was thought to be like the attitude of the nobility toward the common people.) Also, INERT GAS.

23644    ◆         Noble Metal       ◆         Chemically inactive mental such as gold; does not corrode easily.

23645    ◆         noble potential   ◆         a potential that approaches or equals that of certain noble metals, such as gold, silver, or copper, which are chemically inert.

23646    ◆         node     ◆         a junction point in a circuit or other network.  Computer Technology. a data entry point in a database management system.  Telecommunications. the location at which transmitting or receiving equipment is connected to a communications network.  Mathematics.  ㆍ a singular point on a curve.a singular point on a curve. ㆍ a vertex of a graph. By the duality principle, edges may also be viewed as nodes; in network applications, vertices are called nodes and edges are called branches.a vertex of a graph. By the duality principle, edges may also be viewed as nodes; in network applications, vertices are called nodes and edges are called branches.

23647    ◆         NOEC    ◆         만성독성 시험결과 어떠한 영향도 관찰되지 않은 유출수의 농도중에서 최고농도를 의미, No observable effect concentration

23648    ◆         NOEC (무영향관찰농도)    ◆         No Observed Effect Concentration의 약어로서 시험 기간 중 영향을 나타내지 않는 시험물질의 농도.  lOEC의 바로 아래 농도 값을 나타낸다.  유해한 영향을 강조함으로써 NOAEC (No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration)로 표현하기도 한다.

23649    ◆         NOEL    ◆         No Observable Effect Level

23650    ◆         NOEL (무영향관찰량)       ◆         No Observed Effect level의 약어로서 시험 기간 중 영향을 나타내지 않는 시험물질의 수준.  일반적으로 투여 용량으로 나타내며, 유해한 영향을 강조할 경우 NOAEl(No Observed Adverse Effect level)로 나타내기도 한다.

23651    ◆         Noether's theorem          ◆         the theorem that establishes the identities of conserved quantities (if any) in a dynamical system, by examining the change in its Lagrangian resulting from a virtual displacement.

23652    ◆         NOIC     ◆         Notice of Intent to Cancel

23653    ◆         NOIS     ◆         Notice of Intent to Suspend

23654    ◆         noise     ◆         an unwanted, often random disturbance to a signal that tends to obscure the signal's information content; caused primarily by the random thermal motions of particles in the system.  Telecommunications.  ㆍ any signal disturbance that interferes with the operation of a system.any signal disturbance that interferes with the operation of a system. ㆍ any random disturbance that obscures the clarity of a signal. Also, noise distortion.any random disturbance that obscures the clarity of a signal. Also, noise distortion.

23655    ◆         Noise    ◆         Product-level or product-volume changes occurring during a test that are not related to a leak but may be mistaken for one.

23656    ◆         noise analyzer    ◆         an instrument that measures, displays, plots, or tabulates noise as a function of frequency.

23657    ◆         noise control      ◆         the prevention or reduction of noise, either at its source using such equipment as balancing machinery or at the listener's ear using methods such as shielding.

23658    ◆         NOISE CRITERIA  ◆         소음기준 : 음압레벨로 주어진 실내의 소음을 평가하든가 용도의 방에 대해 소음대책의 설계목표치를 주파수 특성으로 주어질때 사용됨. NC

23659    ◆         NOISE EXPOSURE FORECAST        ◆            소음폭로예측 : 불괘감에 따른 사회적 반응을 평가하는 방법

23660    ◆         NOISE EXPOSURE RATING            ◆            소음폭로평가; NER

23661    ◆         noise factor        ◆         the ratio of the signal-to-noise ratios at the output and the input of an amplifier or a system.

23662    ◆         noise figure       ◆         the noise factor, expressed in decibels.

23663    ◆         noise filter         ◆         a device that prevents spurious signals from passing through an alternating-current power line.

23664    ◆         NOISE INDUCED PERMANENT THRESHOLD SHIFT          ◆         소유성 영구청력손실 : PTS, 영구적으로 회복하는 수가 없는 청력손실

23665    ◆         NOISE INDUCED TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT    ◆         소음성 일시적 역치상승 : TTS, 큰 소음을 들음에 따라 생기는 일시적인 난청

23666    ◆         noise jammer     ◆         ㆍ a device that produces signals that simulate electrical currents found in the atmosphere in order to convince an enemy that adverse communication conditions exist.a device that produces signals that simulate electrical currents found in the atmosphere in order to convince an enemy that adverse communication conditions exist. ㆍ a device used during World War II that transmitted white noise at the approximate frequency of an enemy's transmitter in order to obscure its signal.a device used during World War II that transmitted white noise at the approximate frequency of an enemy's transmitter in order to obscure its signal.

23667    ◆         noise level         ◆         a measure of the intensity of noise in a system, expressed in decibels relative to some specified reference.

23668    ◆         noise limiter       ◆         a device that eliminates noise peaks that exceed the highest peak in the desired signal in order to limit the effects of atmospheric or man-made interference. Also, noise silencer.

23669    ◆         noise pollution   ◆         ㆍ unwanted or harmful sounds in the environment.unwanted or harmful sounds in the environment. ㆍ for a given locale, the average of the measured noise level over a period of time.for a given locale, the average of the measured noise level over a period of time.

23670    ◆         NOISE POLLUTION LEVEL ◆         소음공해수준

23671    ◆         noise rating       ◆         ㆍ a numerical representation of the level of noise that can be tolerated in a given situation.a numerical representation of the level of noise that can be tolerated in a given situation. ㆍ the evaluation of noise sound level in terms of loudness, perceived level, a noise-criterion curve, or other reference criteria.the evaluation of noise sound level in terms of loudness, perceived level, a noise-criterion curve, or other reference criteria.

23672    ◆         NOISE RATING CURVES   ◆         NR곡선; ISO가 정한 소음평가 곡선

23673    ◆         NOISE REDUCTION         ◆         차음도, 소음제거 ;  소음기가 있는 상태에서 소음기의 입구 및 출구에서 측정된 음압레벨의 차. 공시면 양측 각각의 면으로 부터 1m 정도의 거리에서 평균 음압레벨를 측정하여 그 차로부터 구함.NR

23674    ◆         noise reduction coefficient           ◆            the noise reduction capability, specified at 500 hertz or more, of an acoustic material (or a room lined with this material), determined by calculating an average of the Sabine absorption coefficients at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 hertz.

23675    ◆         noise suppressor ◆         a device that automatically shuts down the audio-frequency amplifier in a radio receiver when no signal is being received, to minimize background noise. Also, SQUELCH CIRCUIT.

23676    ◆         noise temperature           ◆         given an ideal resistor whose resistance is that of the terminal pair in a system, the temperature at which the ideal resistor would generate the same noise power as that present at the system terminal.

23677    ◆         noise tube         ◆         a type of gas-filled tube that generates white noise.

23678    ◆         noise weighting  ◆         the process of calculating the effect of frequency-dependent noise in a network by taking into account the frequency response, giving the noise in each band a weight proportional to the response at that band.

23679    ◆         noise-modulated jamming           ◆            random, unwanted signals that interfere with the ability of a radar receiver to pick up the desired signal.

23680    ◆         NOM, NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER            ◆         천연유기물

23681    ◆         Non- Compliance Charge Svstem  ◆            규제기준 불이행에 대한 부과금제도

23682    ◆         Non-A queous Phase Liquid (NAIL)            ◆         Contaminants that remain unkiluted as the original bulk liquid in the subsurface, e.g., spilled oil. (See: fee product.)

23683    ◆         NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID      ◆            용해도가 낮아 토양내에서 지하수와 구별되어 존재하는 유기화합물; NAPL

23684    ◆         nonaqueous solution       ◆         a solution in which the solvent medium is not water.

23685    ◆         NON-ATTAINMENT AREA ◆         미달성 지역

23686    ◆         Non-Attainment Area      ◆         Area that does not one or more of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the criteria pollutants designated in the Clean Air Act.

23687    ◆         Non-Binding Allocations of Responsibility (NBAR)  ◆         A process for EPA to propose a way for potentially responsible parties to allocate costs among themselves.

23688    ◆         NON-BIOGENIC PARTICLE ◆         비생물성 분진

23689    ◆         nonbonding orbital         ◆         a relationship between an electron and a nucleus in which the electron's energy remains constant as it draws closer to the nucleus so that neither bonding nor repulsion is expected to take place. Also, nonbonding molecular orbital.

23690    ◆         Noncarbonate hardness   ◆         비탄산 경도; 칼슘, 마그네슘 2가 이온이온이 황산이온, 염화이온, 초산이온, 규산이온과 화합물을 이루어 생기는 경도

23691    ◆         noncentrosymmetric structure      ◆            a crystal structure that crystallizes in a space group with no center of symmetry.

23692    ◆         Non-Community Water System     ◆            A public water system that is not a community water system; e.g., the wa- ter supply at a camp site or national park.

23693    ◆         Non-Compliance Coal     ◆         Any coal that emits greater than 3.0 pounds of sulfur dioxde per milion BTU when burned. Also known as high-sulfur coal.

23694    ◆         Non-Compliance Rate     ◆         배출시설의 부적율

23695    ◆         NON-CONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTION           ◆         부적합 시정 및 방지조치(관)

23696    ◆         nonconservative force      ◆         a force for which the work done in displacing a particle from one point to another is dependent on the path taken by the particle in moving from the initial position to the final one; e.g., the force of friction. Thus, nonconservative force field.

23697    ◆         Non-Contact Cooling Water         ◆            Water used for cooling which does not come into direct contact with any raw material, product, byproduct, or waste.

23698    ◆         Non-Conventional Pollutant         ◆            Any pollutant not statutorily listed or which is poorly understood by the scientific community.

23699    ◆         NONCRITERIA POLLUTANT           ◆            규제대상외 오염물질

23700    ◆         noncrossing rule ◆         the principle that when two atoms in the same quantum state are plotted by relating potential energy to internuclear distance, the resulting curves will not cross, except when the states are asymmetrical.