환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23501-23600

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 23501-23600

번호                  용어                  해설

23501    ◆         negatron           ◆         ㆍ a four-electron vacuum tube that has the property of negative resistance.a four-electron vacuum tube that has the property of negative resistance.

23502    ◆         NEIGHBOURING LINE      ◆         근접선; 목적하는 스펙트럼선에 가까운 파장을 갖는 다른 스펙트럼

23503    ◆         Nelson diaphragm cell     ◆         an electrolytic diaphragm cell with a graphite anode used to produce caustic soda and very pure chlorine.

23504    ◆         nematic ◆         ㆍ a type of liquid crystal having an irregular threadlike structure that exhibits little viscosity.a type of liquid crystal having an irregular threadlike structure that exhibits little viscosity. ㆍ relating to or describing such a liquid-crystal phase. Thus, nematic phase.relating to or describing such a liquid-crystal phase. Thus, nematic phase.

23505    ◆         Nematocide       ◆         A chemical agent which is destructive to nematodes.

23506    ◆         nematogenic      ◆         describing a solid material that when heated forms a nematic phase. Thus, nematogenic solid.

23507    ◆         neocryst ◆         in an evaporite, an individual crystal of a secondary mineral.

23508    ◆         neomineralization           ◆         a type of recrystallization in which the mineral constituents of a rock are transformed into entirely new minerals.

23509    ◆         neon lamp         ◆         a tube that generates a bright red glow (or, if treated with mercury, bright blue) when the neon gas inside it is ionized by an electric current; commonly used in outdoor signs and as an indicator light. Also, neon bulb, neon tube.

23510    ◆         neon oscillator   ◆         a device that generates alternating current through a charging process controlled by the interaction of a capacitor and ionized neon gas. Also, neon-bulb oscillator.

23511    ◆         NEPA     ◆         국가환경정책법; National environmental policy act

23512    ◆         Nephelometric    ◆         Method of of measuring turbidity in a water sample by passing light through the sample and measuring the amount of the light that is deflected.

23513    ◆         nepholometer     ◆         an instrument that measures the amount of cloudiness of a medium; used to study scattering properties.

23514    ◆         nephometer       ◆         a convex mirror having one central and five radial parts; used to estimate cloud coverage at any given time.

23515    ◆         nephoscope       ◆         an optical instrument used to observe the speed and direction of clouds.

23516    ◆         NEPI      ◆         National Environmental Policy Institute

23517    ◆         NEPP     ◆         National Energy Policy Plan의 약어로 미국의 에너지정책을 말한다. 1977년에 제정된 에너지성(DOE) 설치법 의해, 대통령은 2년마다 이의 의회 제출이 의무화되어 있다. 1981년의 레이건 정권발족 이후 석유시장의 규제를 폐기하는 등 정부의 규제를 완화해 시장매커니즘을 중시하는 정책을 취하고 있다. 1986년 3월에는 제5차 국가에너지정책이 의회에 제출되었다.

23518    ◆         NEPPS   ◆         National Environmental Performance Partership System

23519    ◆         NER      ◆         소음폭로평가  noise exposure rating

23520    ◆         Nernst diffusion layer      ◆         an approximation used in treatments of electrodes in stirred solutions, in which a very thin layer of solution adjacent to the electrode is assumed to be stationary and penetrated only by diffusion.

23521    ◆         Nernst equation  ◆         an equation demonstrating that the electromotive force developed in an electrochemical cell is determined by the activities of the reacting species, the reaction temperature, and the standard free-energy change of the overall reaction.

23522    ◆         Nernst layer       ◆         a thin layer of unstirred solvent that surrounds a particle in a stirred solution. Also, Nernst-Planck layer.

23523    ◆         Nernst theory     ◆         the principle that in an electrolytic cell an equilibrium will develop between the tendency of the electrode to dissolve and form ions in the solution and the tendency of the ions in the solution to build up on the electrode.

23524    ◆         Nernst zero of potential   ◆         the potential energy that is equivalent to the reversible equilibrium in an electrolytic system between charged hydrogen ions and hydrogen gas at a pressure of one standard atmosphere.

23525    ◆         Nernst-Thomson rule       ◆         the rule that little interaction occurs between anions and cations in a solvent with low electrical conductibility, and that the reverse is true in a solvent with high electrical conductibility.

23526    ◆         NESHAP ◆         National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants

23527    ◆         nesistor ◆         a type of transistor that is characterized by an inverse relationship between current and voltage, and by the influence of an electric field on current flow.

23528    ◆         Nessler tube       ◆         a flat-bottomed, high-quality, calibrated quartz tube filled with sample solutions for use in spectrophotometry.

23529    ◆         Nessler's reagent ◆         a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide used to detect ammonia; a brown color indicates a positive reaction.

23530    ◆         nested   ◆         ㆍ of volcanic cones, craters, or calderas that occur one within another.of volcanic cones, craters, or calderas that occur one within another. ㆍ of two or more intersecting calderas that were formed at different times or by different explosions.of two or more intersecting calderas that were formed at different times or by different explosions.

23531    ◆         Net bacterial yield           ◆         순 미생물생산; 미생물의 사멸을 고려한 실질적 미생물 생산

23532    ◆         net emission      ◆         순배출량

23533    ◆         NET EXTERNAL FORCE     ◆         순 외력

23534    ◆         NET RADIATION FLUX      ◆         순 복사량

23535    ◆         Net rate of growth          ◆         순성장율; 미생물의 사멸을 고려한 성장율

23536    ◆         NETA     ◆         National Environmental Training Association

23537    ◆         net-shape processing       ◆         any of a variety of manufacturing processes that produce components with finished functional surfaces (such as the airfoil portion of forged blades or the teeth of forged gears), so that additional metal removal is not required.

23538    ◆         Netting  ◆         A concept in which all emissions sources in the same area that owned or controlled by a single company are treted as one large source, thereby allowing flexibility in controlling individual sources in or- der to meet a single emissions standard. (See: bubble)

23539    ◆         network ◆         ㆍ the interconnection of electric elements such as resistors, coils, and capacitors.the interconnection of electric elements such as resistors, coils, and capacitors. ㆍ of or relating to such a system. Thus, network admittance, network analysis, network impedance, network synthesis, network theory.of or relating to such a system. Thus, network admittance, network analysis, network impedance, network synthesis, network theory.  Mathematics. a weighted digraph; i.e., a directed graph, each of whose arcs has been assigned a quantity (called a weight or capacity) such as a real number, vector, or tensor. The theory of networks has applications in management and engineering sciences.

23540    ◆         network covalent substance          ◆            a substance that is a three-dimensional array of covalently bonded atoms; such materials tend to have greater hardness and higher melting points; e.g., diamonds, quartz.

23541    ◆         Neumann's principle        ◆         a principle stating that the physical properties of a crystal are never of lower symmetry than the symmetry of the external form of the crystal.

23542    ◆         neuristor            ◆         a device that simulates the actions of a human nerve cell by generating signals with uniform velocity and without attenuation.

23543    ◆         neuter   ◆         ㆍ to sterilize an animal by castrating or spaying.to sterilize an animal by castrating or spaying. ㆍ an animal that has been sterilized.an animal that has been sterilized.

23544    ◆         neutral  ◆         ㆍ the condition of having no net electric charge, when an equal number of electrons and protons are present.the condition of having no net electric charge, when an equal number of electrons and protons are present. ㆍ relating to or in such a condition; not charged.relating to or in such a condition; not charged.  Biology. having no sexual organs; neuter.       : the position or condition of a gear system or other arrangement of moving parts in which the parts are not engaged.

23545    ◆         neutral atmosphere         ◆         an environment that neither oxidizes nor reduces the materials contained within it.

23546    ◆         neutral axis        ◆         the line in a cross section of a beam subjected to bending, at which the strain is zero.

23547    ◆         neutral equilibrium         ◆         the condition of a system in equilibrium, such that any net force or torque that the system experiences will move the system away from its original equilibrium state to a new equilibrium state.

23548    ◆         neutral fiber       ◆         the line of zero strain in a longitudinal section.

23549    ◆         neutral flame      ◆         a gas flame that is neither oxidizing nor reducing.

23550    ◆         neutral granulation         ◆         a form of propellant granulation in which the grain's surface area stays constant throughout the burning process.

23551    ◆         neutral molecule ◆         ㆍ any molecule that has no net electric charge.any molecule that has no net electric charge. ㆍ a system of two ions, one an anion and the other a cation, in an electrolytic medium.a system of two ions, one an anion and the other a cation, in an electrolytic medium

23552    ◆         neutral surface   ◆         in a linear elastic beam subjected to bending, the surface at which the longitudinal or bending stress equals zero.

23553    ◆         neutral temperature        ◆         the temperature in a thermocoupler when its hot junction reaches its highest point, while its cold junction remains at 0°C.

23554    ◆         Neutralization     ◆         Decreasing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance by adding alkaline or acidic materials, respectively.

23555    ◆         neutralization equivalent  ◆         the equivalent weight of an acid or base.

23556    ◆         neutralization number     ◆         the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize the acid in 1 gram of oil; a measure of the acidity of an oil sample.

23557    ◆         neutralize          ◆         the process of removing positive feedback in radio-frequency amplifiers.

23558    ◆         neutralized radio-frequency stage ◆            a circuit added to a unit's feedback to prevent oscillation and allow the unit to operate as an amplifier.

23559    ◆         neutralizing capacitor      ◆         a device that recycles a signal in a radio receiver or transmitter from the plate circuit to the grid circuit, so that continuous oscillation does not occur.

23560    ◆         neutralizing voltage         ◆         the voltage that is passed from the grid to the anode and vice versa to eliminate continuous oscillation.

23561    ◆         neutron capture  ◆         a process in which a nucleus absorbs a neutron and as a result emits radiation or undergoes fission.

23562    ◆         neutron excess   ◆         the amount by which neutrons outnumber protons in a nucleus.

23563    ◆         neutron number ◆         the total number of neutrons, denoted by N, in the nucleus of an atom.

23564    ◆         neutron scattering          ◆         the changes in direction (deflection) and energy (attenuation) of a neutron as it collides with a target nucleus; in elastic scattering, there is no change of internal energy of the colliding particles; in inelastic scattering, the neutron may interact with the target nucleus, as in capture or fission, but the sum of the kinetic and internal energies is unaltered.

23565    ◆         neutron spectrometry      ◆         a technique used to analyze a nucleus that involves bombarding it with neutrons and then observing the resonances in the reactions or the range of particles or rays it emits.

23566    ◆         neutron spectrum           ◆         a graph that shows the distribution of neutrons at various energy levels, such as the number of neutrons ejected during a nuclear reaction.

23567    ◆         neutron-capture cross section      ◆            an area, measured in barns, in which a beam of bombarding neutrons is most likely to be captured by the sample nuclei.

23568    ◆         NEW COMMERCIAL POLICY INSTRUMENT            ◆         신통상 정책수단 : NCPI, 1984년 채택된 유럽연합의 통상보복조치

23569    ◆         New Source       ◆         Any stationary source built or mokified after publication of final or proposed regulations that prescribe a given standard of performance.

23570    ◆        New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)            ◆         Uniform national EPA air emission and water effluent stan- dards which limit the amount of pollution allowed from new sources or from modified existing sources.

23571    ◆         New Source Review (NSR)            ◆            A Clean Air Act requirement that State Implementation Plans must include a permit review that applis to the construction and operation of new and modified stationary sources in nonattainment areas to ensure attainment of national ambient air quality standards.

23572    ◆         Newlands' law of octaves ◆         a law stating that when chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, the first element is similar to the eighth, the second similar to the ninth, the third similar to the tenth, and so on. (Named for John Newlands.)

23573    ◆         Newtonian         ◆         ㆍ relating to Sir Isaac Newton or his theories.relating to Sir Isaac Newton or his theories. ㆍ relating to NewtonianMechanics or to systems that conform to it.relating to NewtonianMechanics or to systems that conform to it.

23574    ◆         Newtonian attraction       ◆         the mutual attraction of any two bodies, defined and governed by Newton's law of gravitation.

23575    ◆         Newtonian mechanics     ◆         the study of force and motion on the basis of the theories of Sir Isaac Newton, including especially the assumptions that time is an absolute quantity, and that distance can be absolutely measured rather than being dependent on the time and point of observation.

23576    ◆         Newtonian relativity        ◆         the concept that only the relative position of two bodies affects their behavior; i.e., there is no intrinsic difference between different orientations to a point or between different points in space.

23577    ◆         Newtonian speed of sound          ◆            as described in Newton's second law of motion, the speed of sound, used as a frame of reference from which the particle velocity can be derived.

23578    ◆         Newtonian velocity          ◆         the velocity of an object within an inertial reference frame.

23579    ◆         Newton's equations of motion      ◆            Newton's second law of motion expressed as mathematical equations for the problem to be solved.

23580    ◆         Newton's first law           ◆         the law that a body at rest will continue at rest, and a body in motion will continue in uniform motion along a straight line, unless the body is acted upon by some outside force.

23581    ◆         Newton's law of gravitation          ◆            the law that any two bodies having mass will act upon each other with equal and opposite attracting forces along the line that joins them. The magnitude of this force is directly proportional to the product of the bodies' masses, and inversely proportional to the square of their distance of separation

23582    ◆         Newton's laws of motion  ◆         the three laws proposed by Newton governingMechanics; the physical realm where these laws are accurate is now described as Newtonian     :

23583    ◆         Newton's second law       ◆         the law that a body acted upon by a net force will accelerate, and that it will do so in the direction of the force. The acceleration is proportional to the force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the body. This can be expressed by the equation F = ma, in which m is the mass of the body, a is its acceleration, and F is the net external force acting on the body.

23584    ◆         Newton's third law          ◆         the law that every action will produce an equal and opposite reaction; thus, when two bodies interact, the force of the first body upon the second is equal and opposite to the force of the second body upon the first.

23585    ◆         NFRAP   ◆         No Further Remedial Action Planned

23586    ◆         ng (나노그램)     ◆         10억분의 1그램(= 1/10(9)g)

23587    ◆         NGO(비정부조직) ◆         국가 정부의  반대 개념으로  비정부조직 (Non-Govenmental-Organizaion) 을 가르키는 말이다. 이 NGO 란 용어를 처음 사용한 기구는  유엔. 유엔은 NGO란  용어를 '국가기관 이외의 조직이나 단체'를 가르키는데 사용했다.         현재는 NGO 가 민간단체를 가르키는  용어로 사용되고 있지만, 좀더 정확하게는 국제적으로 연대 제휴해  활용을 전개하는 민간조직' 으로 봐야 한다. 세계적으로 NGO의 위상이 급부상한 시기는 91년 12월 프랑스 파리에서  국제 NGO 포럼이 개최된 이후라고 보는 것이 옳을 것이다.          전세계적으로 NGO라고 불릴  만한 단체를 보면  그린피스를 비롯, 지구의  친구들, 세계야생 생물기금 등으로 이들과 같이 국제적인 조직을 갖추고 연대 활동을 펴가는 NGO의 수는 20여개 안팎에 이른다.          우리나라의 경우 민간 환경단체수는 약 1백50개 정도로 극히 일부 단체를  제외하고는 외형적인 활동에 비해 재정이  빈약하다는 공통점을 안고 있다.  환경문제에 대해 시민들이 심정적으로는 공감을 하면서도 이들 단체에 회원으로 가입해 재정적으로 도움을 주는 경우가 많지 않기때문이다.

23588    ◆         NHMC   ◆         Nonmethane Hydrocarbons

23589    ◆         NI         ◆         National Income의 약어로 국민소득. 주어진 기간(일반적으로 1년)동안에 봉급, 자본이자 이익(명목수입)을 포함하는 국민들의 모든 수입의 합.

23590    ◆         nibbling ◆         a sheet-metal cutting process in which a rapidly reciprocating punch slots sheets along a desired path.

23591    ◆         nickel delay line  ◆         a device that retards vibrations in an audio signal by passing it through an element made of nickel.

23592    ◆         nickel-63           ◆         a radioactive isotope of nickel with a half-life of 100 years, produced synthetically in a nuclear reactor.

23593    ◆         NICT     ◆         National Incident Coordination Team

23594    ◆         NIEHS   ◆         National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences

23595    ◆         nigre     ◆         a dark-colored, highly hydrated and strongly alkaline layer of undesirable soap formed between the neat soap layer and the caustic solution during soap manufacturing.

23596    ◆         NIOSH   ◆         National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

23597    ◆         NIPDWR ◆         National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations

23598    ◆         nipple  (니플)     ◆         파이프의 양단 외측에 나사를 자른 구조의 나사입이음새. Close(단) nipple. Long(장) nipple. Hex(육모퉁이) nipple. 등이 있는

23599    ◆         NISAC   ◆         National Industrial Security Advisory Committee

23600    ◆         NITRATE ◆         질산성 질소, 질산염