과학기술정책연구원 간행물
| no | 키워드 | 제목 | 국가 | 내용 | 요약 | 출처 | 작가 | |
| 1 | Global Environmental Change | Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change | <p>+ REPORTS</p> <p> </p> <p>Table1.Univariateandmultivariateforecastsforyears2020and2050,basedon trends observed in the past 35 to 40 years and their dependence on population and GDP. Parentheses show R2 values for each regression. Levels of significance</p> <p> </p> |
<p>During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 109 hectares of natural ecosystems wouldbeconvertedtoagricultureby2050.Thiswouldbeaccompaniedby2.4to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems, and comparable increases in pesticide use. This eutrophication and habitat destruction would causeunprecedentedecosystemsimplification,lossofecosystemservices,and species extinctions. Significant scientific advances and regulatory, technological, and policy changes are needed to control the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion.</p> <p><br /></p> |
SCIENCE | SCIENCE | ||
| 2 | Medical education. | Future Challenges in Medical Education | <p>- Introduction</p> <p>- Innovations in Medical Education Strategies </p> <p>- Trends Influencing The Future of Medical Education </p> <p>- Present Pressures </p> <p>- The Impact of Information Technology (IT) on Medical Education </p> <p>- A Futuristic Plan for Medical Education </p> <p>- Future Challenges </p> <p>- Conclusion </p> <p> </p> |
<p>There have been many models proposed in the past decade on the best practices in teaching and learning processes, especially in medical education. The main trend is a major shift from tutor-centered system to student-centered learning processes with the aid of information technology and communications, more often called e-learning. The introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) and student centered team based learning SCTL) in the early 80’s became a trend which spread like wildfire in most modern medical schools. </p> <p>The acceptance of these new methodology received different reactions, mainly from the tutors, most of whom were split on whether the need of change was really necessary, asking the main question of “what is wrong with the traditional methods” or “have we produced inefficient doctors through the years of traditional system teachings”. It seemed for some time that a significant number of older generation tutors were much more comfortable with the methods they were used to. </p> <p>Considerable curricular changes were made by many medical institutes to implement the student centered learning system. This approach, however, necessitated the training of tutors and the creation of a learning environment, which was later found not to be too easy. The major consideration of a shift in techniques of teaching learning processes is the understanding of the trends in the younger generation of the Y2K century. A generation which prefers to express rather than listen, to research and find rather than being spoon-fed and a generation where knowledge is always available whenever they are connected to the internet. Hence the change of the role of tutors to be facilitators rather than content providers was seen to be more acceptable to the new generation of students. </p> <p>The advancing information technology (IT) has been able to provide the necessary tools to achieve that objective. The students may be granted the opportunity to have more freedom in selecting their learning material and to enjoy a degree of distance-learning. The consequence of applying IT in medical institutes would, probably, enforce the trend towards moving to a student-centered learning environment, inducing hesitant tutors to become more compliant with the change. The future medical curriculum is anticipated to be more student-centered, more modular, more integrated, more PBL or SCTL-oriented and more inter-institutionalized, with less memorizing and with more learning about learning. In addition, medical education as a whole at least in part, would be, performed at distance. The future medical tutor may have to be more PBL-oriented, more qualified in learning strategies, competent in small group (probably single-student) learning, more of a 'mentor' or a 'facilitator' than of a 'teacher', able to train students at higher cognitive levels rather than being an 'authority' in its field. He has no choice but to be fluent in IT, and interactive with learning via other learning-collaborating institutions. </p> |
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science | Abdul Latiff Mohamed | ||
| 3 | Innovation Management | The Future of Innovation Management: Five Key Steps for Future Success | <p>1. CUSTOMER-BASED INNOVATION </p> <p>2. PROACTIVE BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION </p> <p>3. FRUGAL INNOVATION / REVERSE INNOVATION </p> <p>4. HIGH SPEED / LOW RISK INNOVATION </p> <p>5. INTEGRATED INNOVATION </p> <p> </p> |
<p>By helping clients to develop new approaches and tools for improving innovation management we have a good overview of the current picture. But what can we expect over the next ten years? What key trends do we see in the way companies are managing innovation? What approaches and concepts are going to be ground-breaking, and what will this mean for business leaders? </p> <p>We see that the increasing need for innovation is driven by external factors such as ongoing globalization, the shift of economic gravity away from traditional Western countries, continuing economic uncertainty and changing and more individualized customer demands. </p> <p>From recent research (“The Future of Innovation Management: The Next 10 Years” from Arthur D. Little) that surveyed the opinions of global Chief Technology Officers and Chief Information Officers, we identified key changes in five distinct but interrelated innovation management concepts as being important for the years ahead: customer-based innovation, proactive business model innovation, frugal innovation, high-speed/low risk innovation and integrated innovation. But what do we mean by these? </p> |
Innovation Management | Innovation Management | ||
| 4 | Inequality | The Future of Inequality | <p>- Inequality and growth in postwar america </p> <p>- Long-term trends in inequality and the returns from education </p> <p>- The race </p> <p>- The future of inequality </p> <p> </p> |
<p>almost entirely by what amounts to a race between technological change and educational attainment. Technological change has increased the relative demand for skilled and educated workers, while access to education has increased the relative supply of skilled and educated individuals. And here’s the kicker: the big variable appears to be changes in the pace of educational attainment rather than changes in technological progress. The rise and decline of unions plays a supporting role in the story, as do immigration and outsourcing. But not much of a role. Stripped to essentials, the ebb and flow of wage inequality is all about education and technology. </p> | Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz | |||
| 5 | Technology and the Future of Humanism | The Singularity: Technology and the Future of Humanism | <p>- Humanity’s Relation to Technology </p> <p>- What Does It Mean To Be Human? </p> <p>- Repositioning the Singularity and Humanism </p> <p> </p> |
<p>The late writer and futurist Arthur C. Clarke once remarked that the best proof for intelligent life in the universe is that it hasn’t come here. He was also fond of paraphrasing the polymath J. B. S. Haldane by reminding his audience that the universe is not only stranger than we imagine, but also stranger than we can imagine. Presumably the inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, who is currently director of engineering at Google, would accept the latter of Clarke’s propositions, but not necessarily the former. Not only is he working to apply his theory of intelligence to Google’s search engine to render its current algorithms obsolete, but he also believes the time is approaching when humans will create artificial intelligence with vastly greater intelligence than our own, with aims beyond mere mortal power to understand.</p> <p><br /></p> |
Torch Magazine | Roger A. Hughes | ||
| 6 | global water quality | The murky future of global water quality | <p>- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY </p> <p>- SCENARIOS</p> <p>- RESULTS</p> <p>- CONCLUSIONS</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Even using the most optimistic projections, the world is on a path toward rapidly deteriorating water quality levels in many countries, according to a new study conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute and Veolia. The study uses robust mathematical modeling to contrast specific biophysical water quality modeling on a global scale with three global economic projections, two sets of climate change projections and projected future agricultural production activities. Water quality deterioration is projected to rapidly increase over the next several decades which, in turn, will increase risks to human health, economic development and ecosystems. The findings in this study serve as a call to action to contain water pollution to ensure that future generations can enjoy the many benefits associated with clean water.</p> <p><br /></p> |
A WHITE PAPER BY VEOLIA & IFPRI | A WHITE PAPER BY VEOLIA & IFPRI | ||
| 7 | transportation | The future of transportation : Autonomous transportation systems | <p>- Autonomous transportation systems </p> | <p> Digitalization is set to revolutionize the way we get around. Getting quickly and efficiently from A to B is a given nowadays. But passengers expect more – and local governments, transport operators and industry have to respond accordingly.</p> <p> Today, innovation in the rail industry means, more than anything else, digital innovation. That is because digitalization makes it possible to fulfill the most urgent needs as regards mobility, namely maximum availability and throughput as well as greater comfort and convenience. </p> |
Siemens | Siemens | ||
| 8 | Asia’s Aging Population | Asia’s Aging Population | <p>- Future trends for Asia’s elderly</p> <p>- Policy options for an aging region</p> <p>- Healthcare systems</p> <p>- Conclusions<br /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> |
<p>All across Asia, the number of people age 65 and above is expected to grow dramatically over the next 50 years. For the region as a whole, the population in this age group will increase by 314 percent—from 207 million in 2000 to 857 million in 2050 (Table 1). Facing an unprecedented pace of population aging, Asian governments must tackle important policy challenges. How best can the needs of the elderly be met? Will current approaches to support the elderly place an undue burden on the younger generation? And are there dangers that programs for the elderly will undermine economic growth? These issues are also being confronted in the West where population aging is more advanced. But the process of population aging is occurring much more rapidly in Asia than it did in Western countries, and it will occur in some Asian countries at a much earlier stage of economic development.</p> | Wisut Jaijagcome/ East-West Center | |||
| 9 | Mobile Computing | The Future of Mobile Computing | <p>+ Key Takeaways</p> <p> - Mobile phones are becoming ubiquitous for communicating and for Internet access.</p> <p> - Connectedness and interactivity are driving adoption of mobile technologies in higher education. </p> <p> - Mobile computing has the potential to transform learning. </p> <p> - Widespread innovations are resulting in creative, compelling, education-focused mobile applications. </p> <p> - Several factors impede implementation of mobile technologies in higher education. </p> <p> - To address privacy issues, colleges and universities must educate students and implement less</p> <p> complex security systems. <br /> - Faculty are more likely to embrace mobile technologies that enable them to work smarter. </p> <p> - Successful mobile computing strategies link with institutional goals and meet constituent needs. </p> <p> - Despite budget shortages, colleges and universities can advance their mobile computing goals </p> <p> through collaborative activities. </p> |
<p>Few concepts dominate the conversation in higher education today like mobility. Almost every college student uses a mobile device for both personal and academic reasons. Given this environment, institutions are evaluating how mobile technologies can enhance classroom activities and learning, as well as administrative functions. An enormous array of mobile devices is making its way to college campuses. The fast-changing world of technology and applications makes a case for device-agnostic mobile computing strategies, though the functionality of native apps can be compelling. To promote the most innovative uses of mobile technologies, institutions must address challenges related to security, faculty concerns, IT support, and accessibility. With tight budgets in higher education, collaboration with students and nonprofits can help colleges and universities advance a mobile computing agenda.</p> <p><br /></p> |
EDUCAUSE | EDUCAUSE | ||
| 10 | sustainable urbanisation, Caribbean, urban form, development | “The Future is Urban” Challenge of Sustainable Urban Development in the Caribbean: The Search for Sustainable Urban Forms | <p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of urbanisation in the Caribbean and to determine a way forward in achieving sustainable urban development. The Caribbean has had a long urban history, yet urban management has not played a significant role in guiding development. Limited resources make future planning imperative in the region and urban form is being explored as an option. Increasing urban populations coupled with the peculiarities of the Caribbean urbanisation process, leave governments and policy makers grappling with how to manage and guide future urban development in a sustainable manner. Will urban form either through compaction or decentralisation be the way forward?</p> | ISOCARP | ||||
| 11 | Mobile Phones | The Future for Mobile Phones | <p>- Overview</p> <p>- Mobile Phone Generations</p> <p>- Speech Encoding </p> <p>- Current Mobile Phones </p> <p>- Associated Technologies </p> <p>- Hands Free Kit (HFK)</p> <p>- Smart Antennas </p> <p>- Software Defined Radio </p> <p>- Conclusion</p> |
<p>The emphasis of the seminar and this presentation will be on the aspects of mobile communications that might impact human health, in this case the transmission characteristics. Though the transmit power from a mobile can be small compared to that of a base station, the distance to the body to a mobile phone is only 10’s of millimeters, whereas, it is rarely possible to get closer than 10’s of meters to a base station. As a result the highest exposures to radio frequency energy comes about from the use of a mobile phone close to the body rather than the larger power more distance base station. For this reason this talk will further restrict its scope to consideration of the characteristics of the mobile phone only. The talk will briefly cover the types of devices and how their modes of usage might impact the amount of absorbed power (SAR). The focus will then move to current mobile phones and their characteristics and how the evolution of mobile phones form 2nd generation through 3rd and forward towards 4th generation will impact the transmitted signals and the characteristics pertinent to research into human health effects. The talk will be rounded off with a discussion of technologies that are not specific to any one mobile telephone standard but are likely to be significant.</p> <p><br /></p> |
Department of Electronics University of York | Department of Electronics University of York | ||
| 12 | Cyber War | Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber War | <p>- Worms as weapons </p> <p>- Emerging modes of cyber war </p> <p>- Emerging norms </p> <p> </p> |
<p>The discovery in June 2010 that a cyber worm dubbed ‘Stuxnet’ had struck the Iranian nuclear facility at Natanz suggested that, for cyber war, the future is now. Stuxnet has apparently infected over 60,000 computers, more than half of them in Iran; other countries affected include India, Indonesia, China, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Malaysia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Finland and Germany. The virus continues to spread and infect computer systems via the Internet, although its power to do damage is now limited by the availability of effective antidotes, and a built-in expiration date of 24 June 2012. German expert Ralph Lagner describes Stuxnet as a military-grade cyber missile that was used to launch an ‘all-out cyber strike against the Iranian nuclear program’. Symantec Security Response Supervisor Liam O Murchu, whose company reverse-engineered the worm and issued a detailed report on its operation, declared: ‘We’ve definitely never seen anything like this before’. Computer World calls it ‘one of the most sophisticated and unusual pieces of software ever created’.</p> <p><br /></p> |
Survival | James P. Farwell and Rafal Rohozinski | ||
| 13 | Internet of Things | Sensing the future of the Internet of Things | <p>- Why the Internet of Things matters to consumers and businesses </p> <p>- Global sensor adoption: Asia leads; North America lags </p> <p>- Top 10 industries investing in sensors</p> |
<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the everyday physical objects that surround us into an ecosystem of information that will enrich our lives. From refrigerators to parking spaces to houses, the IoT is bringing more and more things into the digital fold every day, which will likely make the IoT a multi-trillion dollar industry in the near future.</p> <p>While the IoT represents the convergence of advances in miniaturization, wireless connectivity, increased data storage capacity and batteries, the IoT wouldn’t be possible without sensors. Sensors detect and measure changes in position, temperature, light, etc. and they are necessary to turn billions of objects into data-generating “things” that can report on their status, and in some cases, interact with their environment.</p> <p>Because sensor endpoints fundamentally enable the IoT, sensor investments are an early indicator of the IoT’s progress. And, according to PwC’s 6th Annual Digital IQ survey of nearly 1,500 business and technology executives, the IoT movement is underway.</p> |
PWC; PricewaterhouseCoopers | PWC; PricewaterhouseCoopers | ||
| 14 | Policy Perspective | RFID - A Future Policy Perspective | <p>- 21st century: the Ambient World </p> <p>- Major developments in the 21 Major developments in the 21st st century century impacting privacy </p> <p>- Limits to OECD Privacy Principles in 21 in 21st </p> <p>- Possible new paradigms for privacy in 21st century – discussion needed</p> <p>- Model for Privacy Protection in the Ambient World</p> <p><br /></p> <p> </p> |
<p>Current OECD Privacy Principles (1981)</p> <p>•Purpose specification </p> <p>•Collection Limitation </p> <p>•Use Limitation </p> <p>•Data Quality </p> <p>•Data Security and Confidentiality </p> <p>•Transparency </p> <p>•Individual’s rights (access, correction, objection) </p> <p>•Accountability</p> |
EU Commission Consultation | EU Commission Consultation | ||
| 15 | Artificial Intelligence | Reducing Long-Term Catastrophic Risks from Artificial Intelligence | <p>1. WhatWe’re(Not)About </p> <p>2. Indifference,NotMalice </p> <p>3. AnIntelligenceExplosionMayBeSudden </p> <p>4. IsConcernPremature? </p> <p>5. FriendlyAI </p> <p>6. Seedingresearchprograms </p> <p>7. OurAims </p> <p>8. TheUpsideandDownsideofArtificialIntelligence </p> <p>9. RecommendedReading </p> |
<p>In1965,I.J.Goodproposedthatmachineswouldonedaybesmartenoughtomake themselves smarter. Having made themselves smarter, they would spot still further opportunitiesforimprovement, quicklyleavinghumanintelligencefarbehind(Good 1965). He called this the “intelligence explosion.” Later authors have called it the “technologicalsingularity”orsimply“theSingularity”(Kurzweil2005;Vinge1993). TheSingularityInstituteaimstoreducetheriskofacatastropheresultingfroman intelligenceexplosion. Wedoresearch,education,andconferences. Inthispaper,we make the case for taking artificial intelligence (AI) risks seriously, and suggest some strategiestoreducethoserisks.</p> <p><br /></p> |
MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE | EliezerYudkowsky, AnnaSalamon | ||
| 16 | cyberwar | The reality and future of cyberwar | <p>- Cyber-escalation ladder </p> <p>- The other side of the coin: defensive measures </p> <p>- Cyberwar as strategic form of war of the future?</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Conflicts in cyberspace are a reality: elements of any political, economic and military conflict now take place in and around the internet. Not surprisingly cyberwar has become a buzzword in the media and in the political debate. The term has come to refer to any phenomenon involving a deliberate disruptive or destructive use of computers. There also is a widespread tendency to hype the issue with rhetorical dramatization and alarmist warnings. True, cyber conflict might seem disconcerting and frightening, but the number one law in the cyberage is: don’t panic. The number two law: be precise in your use of language. A conceptual distinction between different forms of conflict in cyberspace is necessary if we are to assess the risk and its possible consequences, to assign responsibility for addressing the conflict, but also to discuss the possibility and implementation of preventive and reactive countermeasures. Broad and imprecise use of the term cyberwar must be avoided — as should fear-based (over-)reactions. Different forms of cyber conflict can be distinguished by focusing on the extent of damage and a cyberescalation ladder can be built with rungs expressed by ‘severity of effects’. This helps policy-makers to prioritize: only computer attacks whose effects are sufficiently destructive or disruptive are an issue that needs to be addressed at the political level. Attacks that disrupt non-essential services, or that are mainly a costly nuisance, are not. </p> | Myriam Dunn Cavelty | |||
| 17 | Future Climate Change | Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action | <p>- INTRODUCTION</p> <p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. MARK JACOBSON</p> <p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. ALBERTO AYALA</p> <p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. CAROL WHITMAN</p> <p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. MARK TREXLER</p> <p>- COMMENTS BY HERBERT MCKEE AND RESPONSE BY DR. MACCRACKEN</p> <p>- SAMPLING OF QUESTIONS RAISED DURING THE PANEL MEETING AND THE RESPONSES </p> <p> OF DR. MACCRACKEN</p> <p>- CONCLUSIONS</p> |
<p>The 2008 A&WMA Critical Review, which was entitled</p> <p>“Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for</p> <p>Early Action,”1 focused on the vital issue of global climate</p> <p>change. During the presentation of the review on June 25,</p> <p>2008, in Portland, OR, Dr. Michael C. MacCracken, chief</p> <p>scientist for climate change programs at the Climate Institute</p> <p>in Washington, DC, gave an overview of the basic</p> <p>science and history of the science behind climate change,</p> <p>and presented a strong case for why urgent and early</p> <p>action is needed to reduce ongoing changes in global</p> <p>climate. He summarized the adverse impacts on human</p> <p>systems and the environment that are occurring and are</p> <p>projected for the future, and described the extent of emissions</p> <p>reductions needed to prevent catastrophic impacts.</p> <p>After MacCracken’s presentation, a panel of four invited</p> <p>discussants was asked to contribute additional material</p> <p>relevant to the review. The discussants were told</p> <p>that this material could either dispute or reinforce and</p> <p>augment the original review. The discussion presented</p> <p>here by each panelist is self-contained, and joint authorship</p> <p>of this article does not imply that a discussant subscribes</p> <p>to the opinions expressed by others. In addition, a</p> <p>discussant’s commentary does not necessarily reflect the</p> <p>position of his or her respective organization.</p> |
CRITICAL REVIEW DISCUSSION | CRITICAL REVIEW DISCUSSION | ||
| 18 | Population Ageing | Population Ageing: an unavoidable future. | <p>- Why population ageing is inevitable</p> <p>- What can we do about it?</p> <p>- The Situation in the United Kingdom</p> <p>- Conclusion</p> <p>- References</p> |
<p>The population of the whole world is getting older and the whole world, sooner or later, will</p> <p>have to manage the consequences. This is happening because birth rates have declined, or are</p> <p>declining, almost everywhere, and additionally because older people are surviving to enjoy</p> <p>longer lives. In most richer countries, birth and death rates started to decline in the 19th</p> <p>century or earlier. In the case of Japan, this transition has been particularly rapid and did not</p> <p>begin until the 20th century. In the poorer countries of the world, rapid declines in birth and</p> <p>death rates have only emerged in the last few decades and in a few the process has not begun.</p> <p>But most demographers believe that eventually the whole world will have few children, but</p> <p>long lives.</p> |
OXPOP: Oxford Centre for Population and Migration Studies | OXPOP: Oxford Centre for Population and Migration Studies | ||
| 19 | Future of Biosensors | Nanotechnology, Biological Engineering and the Future of Biosensors | <p><br />- Engage</p> <p>- Explore </p> <p>- Explain </p> <p>- Extend </p> <p>- Evaluate</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Nanotechnologies allow the digital world and the biological world to merge and can therefore detect biological substances. Such “hybrid technology” uses an analytical device to provide a digital signal when encountering specific concentrations of a targeted substance. The biological material can be from human tissues, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, as examples. Since these devices are detecting biological substances, they are known as biosensors. The synthetic side of biosensors uses optical, electrochemical, thermometric, or magnetic systems for sensing the designated biological substance. How prevalent will biosensors become in our lives? Already, “scientists are coming up with biosensors which when implanted in your body could even signal when you're getting sick - almost like the ‘check engine’ light in a car.” </p> | Published by Discovery Education | |||
| 20 | Internet of Things | The Internet of Things (IoT) | <p>- Introductions </p> <p>- Internet of Things </p> <p>- Security Risks and Challenges </p> <p>- Key Takeaways </p> <p><br /></p> |
<p>The Internet of Things refers to the network of uniquely identifiable physical objects, accessible through the Internet, and contain embedded technologies that allow them to interact and interconnect with their internal states and/or the external environment. </p> <p>6 </p> |
PwC | PwC | ||
| 21 | Cyberwar of the Future | How the United States Can Win the Cyberwar of the Future | <p>- Not your grandfather’s deterrence</p> <p>- Set the norms</p> <p>- Deter through diversity</p> <p>- Shake it off</p> <p><br /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> |
<p>There is perhaps no national security problem more 21st century in both its definition and form than cybersecurity. And yet to solve it, the ready solution in nearly</p> <p>every U.S. national security conversation today is that tried and true 20th-century framework of deterrence.</p> <p><br /></p> |
P.W. SINGER | P.W. SINGER | ||
| 22 | internet of things, future scope in India, potential possibilities, threat | FUTURE SCOPE AND POSSIBILITIES IN INTERNET OF THINGS | INDIA | <p>I. INTRODUCTION </p> <p>II. IOT RELEVANCE TO INDIA </p> <p>III. FUTURE OF IOT </p> <p>IV. THREATS </p> <p>V. CONCLUSIONS </p> |
<p>This work is an attempt to provide an idea about future scope, potential possibilities and issues concerning internet of things and how would it bring change in the lives of the people in the near future in relevance to developing smart cities of India.</p> | AESM | AESM | |
| 23 | Proactive Services | Future Proactive Services for Everyday Life | <p>1 INTRODUCTION </p> <p>2 CONCEPT INQUIRY </p> <p>3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION </p> <p>4 CONCLUSION</p> <p> </p> |
Mobile devices, like mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and laptops have become as a common part of people’s everyday life. Humans utilize new information and communication technologies (ICTs) daily in their private and professional lives. Mobile devices and wireless technologies are necessary when there is a need to communicate and perform various tasks in different physical contexts. In everyday life the human is switching between different physical contexts [1]. From a sociological point of view, the user is switching between different social spheres, typically, between private, public and professional spheres [2]. This means that even when the user is staying in the same physical context, the social and psychological situation of the user can change incessantly [1]. Switching between different physical context and social spheres affects the continuity of the user’s activities in mobile circumstances [2]. Performing various tasks in continuously changing context and spheres could be laborious for the user. For instance, if the user has started some tasks in private sphere (home) and can not continue it elsewhere, s/he needs to remember to continue it again when s/he comes back. What if s/he could continue his/her task elsewhere with a different device? What if the system reminds the user about the task or even performs it on the user’s behalf? We created a demonstrative film where we proposed proactive services for relieving human’s everyday life. The system acts like Mark Weiser’s vision [3] of ubiquitous computing where technology is everywhere. This paper presents the study carried out in the ADAMOS project (http://www.msh-alpes.prd.fr/ADAMOS) in France and Finland. The paper describes the proposed services and participants’ reactions towards them. As a result, we depict a comprehensive view of the future proactive services for everyday life. | Current Research in Information Sciences and Technologies | |||
| 24 | climate change | Projections of Future Climate Change | <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Introduction</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Climate and Climate Change</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Projections of Climate Change</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>General Summary</span></p> |
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>The results presented in this chapter are based on simulations</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>made with global climate models and apply to spacial scales of</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>hundreds of kilometres and larger. Chapter 10 presents results for</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>regional models which operate on smaller spatial scales. Climate</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>change simulations are assessed for the period 1990 to 2100 and</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>are based on a range of scenarios for projected changes in</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>greenhouse gas concentrations and sulphate aerosol loadings</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>(direct effect). A few Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Model (AOGCM) simulations include the effects of ozone and/or</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>indirect effects of aerosols (see Table 9.1 for details). Most</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>integrations1 do not include the less dominant or less well</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>understood forcings such as land-use changes, mineral dust,</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>black carbon, etc. (see Chapter 6). No AOGCM simulations</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>include estimates of future changes in solar forcing or in volcanic</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>aerosol concentrations.</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>There are many more AOGCM projections of future climate</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>available than was the case for the IPCC Second Assessment</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Report (IPCC, 1996) (hereafter SAR). We concentrate on the</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>IS92a and draft SRES A2 and B2 scenarios. Some indication of</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>uncertainty in the projections can be obtained by comparing the</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>responses among models. The range and ensemble standard</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>deviation are used as a measure of uncertainty in modelled</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>response. The simulations are a combination of a forced climate</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>change component together with internally generated natural</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>variability. A number of modelling groups have produced</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>ensembles of simulations where the projected forcing is the same</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>but where variations in initial conditions result in different</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>evolutions of the natural variability. Averaging these integrations</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>preserves the forced climate change signal while averaging out the</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>natural variability noise, and so gives a better estimate of the</span></p> <p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>models’' projected climate change.</span></p> |
UNFCCC | G.J. Boer, R.J. Stouffer, M. Dix, A. Noda, C.A. Senior, S. Raper, K.S. Yap | ||
| 25 | Security Paradigm | The Future of War: How Globalization is Changing the Security Paradigm | <p>- Decline of Interstate Conflict</p> <p>- Rise of Intrastate Conflict</p> <p>- Effect on Transnational Terrorism</p> <p>- Growth of Urbanization</p> <p>- The Way Ahead</p> <p>- Conclusion<br /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> |
<p>On 11 September 2001, the world experienced a cataclysmic event that has since defined U.S. national security policy. While the United States shifted its focus to the increasing threat of transnational terrorism, globalization continued to wield its influence. At the most basic level, globalization is the integration of trade, ideas, services, information, technologies, </p> <p>and communications. A gradual movement toward globalization has existed since the birth of civilizations, but in the past few decades the phenomenon exponentially progressed with advances in communication and transportation technologies. The range of modern globalization’s effects is quite significant. At the local level, globalization allows citizens to drink relatively inexpensive coffee from 2nd Place, 2015 DePuy Contest Winner(Illustration by Michael Hogg, Army Press)</p> <p>Ethiopia at Starbucks. At the strategic level, globalization is responsible for rapid growth in emerging economies such as China and India. While the effects of globalization are widely contested and not fully understood, what is becoming clear is that globalization is a force that is significantly changing how the world works. Predicting the future of war is a fool’s errand, but an examination of global trends provides insightful clues to the security environment that will shape how the United States conducts war in the future. As a result of globalization, the security environment the United States now faces is shifting away from interstate conflict. Therefore, its military strategy must reflect this change by enhancing its capacity to project power in a future dominated by intrastate conflict, transnational terrorism, and urbanization. The following sections will address these global trends and provide recommendations for how we can face the challenges that stem from them despite the fiscal realities at home. </p> |
MILITARY REVIEW | Capt. Johnny Sokolosky Jr., U.S. Army | ||
| 26 | Manufacturing | The Future of Manufacturing | <p>- Introduction</p> <p>- Uncertain times </p> <p>- A competitive edge</p> <p>- Competition rising</p> <p>- Better STEM education </p> <p>- Conclusion</p> |
<p>As 2011 rolled in, manufacturing in the US appeared to be gathering momentum, propelled by continuing fiscal and monetary stimulus, as well as improving exports. Industrial production posted its biggest rise in five months in December 2010, putting it 11% above its recession low in June 2009, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). But the specter of uncertainty has shaken the fragile foundations of recovery: in August the EIU revised down its US growth forecast for 2011 to 1.7%, from 2.4%, as data revealed a much sharper slowdown in the first half of the year than previously thought. Durable goods orders also fell in the second quarter of 2011. With darkening clouds overhead, in August 2011 the EIU conducted a survey of 360 senior executives from manufacturing firms across a range of industries. The results reveal a mixed picture. While 41% of respondents see US-based manufacturing as modestly declining – and a further 14% say it is strongly declining – 23% see the industry as stable and 22% say it is improving. Rising labour costs in emerging markets and the US’s innovative heritage offer reason for guarded optimism in the future of the US as a manufacturing destination. “Investment in technology and innovation will create jobs and drive output for the future,” says Mike Vander Wel, manufacturing technology domain leader for Boeing, the aerospace giant headquartered in Chicago. This commitment to innovation is likewise reflected in survey respondents’ focus on ongoing investment in people, and new processes and new products that take advantage of advanced skills and technology.</p> <p><br /></p> |
Economist Intelligence Unit | Economist Intelligence Unit | ||
| 27 | Computer | Future Computing and Cutting-Edge National Security | <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- History in the Making</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- Computers Rising: Data Mining and Cognitive Computing </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- Potential National Security Applications</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- What Congress Should Do </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- The Way Forward </span></p> |
<p>Data mining and cognitive computers are two emerging aspects of future computing that show promise for a large number of national security applications, from detecting terrorists to making battlefield decisions. New computational capabilities are already foreshadowing the next turn of the information revolution: an unprecedented capacity to sift through everincreasing amounts of data on the Web and on the battlefield to detect patterns and identify which bits of information are essential to human decision-makers. Future computing capabilities could give the United States an enormous advantage in many areas. In addition, these capabilities can be employed in manner that both respects civil liberties and enhances the protection of individual privacy. Congress clearly has a role in advancing the use of data mining and other future computing technologies and ensuring that they are employed in an appropriate manner. Congress should establish federal guidelines for the use of data-mining technologies that promote their use for national security purposes while safeguarding the liberties of American citizens. Congress should also monitor government efforts to support research into cognitive computing, encouraging research and development into what could become a significant competitive advantage for the United States in the race for hypercomputing power in the 21st century. </p> | James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel | |||
| 28 | Robotics; Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS); Laparoscopic Technologies; Robotic Surgical Systems; Endoluminal Robots | Evolutions and Future Directions of Surgical Robotics: A Review | <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. Introduction</span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. Robotic Systems with Medical Aims </span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3. History of Surgery Evolution </span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4. Minimally Invasive Surgical Systems </span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5. Conclusion and Future Trends </span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">6. Key Points </span></p> |
<p>Although the robotics firstly appeared as an entertainment form, its capabilities have continuously advanced from the world’s first industrial robot to the surgical robotic systems which are today capable of performing many surgical maneuvers unaided. However, these surgical robots are not autonomous systems; they are designed to complete a surgeon’s abilities and converting surgeon’s movements into incredibly steady and accurate robotic movements that finally manipulate surgical instruments to assist delicate operations. This novel type of surgery is carried out in the form of minimally invasive surgical procedure and has offered valuable alternatives to enhance traditional open surgery approach. Although the surgical robotic systems began as external robots, technological progresses are directing the surgical robotic systems to endoluminal robots which consist of doing surgical maneuvers by navigating of robot through lumens of human body. Here, we will briefly review different applications of robotic systems in various fields of medicine. Then, we will discuss minimally invasive surgical systems and their role in progressing of minimally invasive surgery as a modern surgery method. By thoroughly investigating a considerable amount of published materials about the minimally invasive surgical technologies, we will study the recent research activities and commercially available samples of surgical robotic systems. </p> | Siamak Najarian, Elnaz Afshari | |||
| 29 | education technology | Envisioning the future of education technology | <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Classroom : The prevailing paradigm of a single teacher addressing dozens of students unidirectionally in a physical setting.</span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Studio : peer to peer leaning environments where groups coalesce to discuss, learn and solve problems with each other and the teacher serves as a facilitator.</span></p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p> <p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Virtual : Disembodied environments, where leaning discussion and assessment happen regardless of physicality or geography.</span></p> |
<p>Education lies at a peculiar crossroad in society. On one hand it has the responsibility of anticipating real-life skills by preparing us for an increasingly complex world – but education methodologies can only be formalized after practices have been defined. This dichotomy is particularly aggravated when it comes to technology, where fast-paced innovation and perpetual change is the only constant.</p> <p>This visualization attempts to organize a series of emerging technologies that are likely to influence education in the upcoming decades. Despite its inherently speculative nature, the driving trends behind the technologies can already be observed, meaning it's a matter of time before these scenarios start panning out in learning environments around the world.</p> <p><br /></p> |
envisioningteh.com | tferesearch.com | ||
| 30 | Future Trends, legal services | Future Trends for Legal Services: Global research study | <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-The legal services market is growing</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Traditional law firms under scrutiny</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Challenges include global compliance & doing more with less</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Use of technology is increasing</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Need for a new type of legal service provider</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Businesses are shifting purchasing patterns</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p> |
<p>Purchasers’ expectations of legal services providers are evolving Expectations are not currently being met in a number of crucial areas. 1. Integrated, cross-border advice beyond legal. Law firms are seen to be trailing other professional services firms in their ability to offer integrated multidisciplinary services. 2. Use of technology. Participants are looking for better, more relevant technologies, to be used and shared on integrated platforms. 3. Regulatory and global compliance advice. Nearly half (49%) of all participants said that their department’s legal spend was growing in the area of regulatory compliance. Global compliance is perceived as a major issue for in-house lawyers. 4. Fixed fees, value pricing and greater transparency. Participants most frequently mentioned fixed or capped fees (30% of all responses), while over a quarter of responses (27%) referred to some form of value-based pricing.</p> <p>Demand for alternative or nontraditional legal service providers is increasing A majority of participants have or will significantly review their legal suppliers. More than half are willing to purchase legal services from a non-traditional law firm that offers a range of professional services.</p> <p>Future Trends for Legal Services is an independent research study commissioned by Deloitte Legal. Findings are based on 243 quantitative survey responses, and 30 qualitative, in-depth interviews with in-house legal services purchasers, mainly occupying positions of CEOs, CFOs or General/Legal Counsel. </p> <p>The market is moving and growing Major purchasers of legal services are changing their approach to buying services across the globe. Overall, demand for legal services is growing. Every participant said that their legal spend was increasing in at least one area.</p> <p>Purchasing patterns are changing The majority of participants had recently taken or were considering a significant review of their legal suppliers. Many more were involved in an informal or on-going process of review. </p> |
Deloitte | Deloitte | ||
| 31 | Industry | The Uncertain Future of the Telecommunications Industry | <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">POLICY ISSUES </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Subsidies</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Telecommunications mergers</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">UNE pricing and interconnection</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Interconnection charges</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Universal service fees: </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CONCLUSION</span></p> |
<p>The U.S. telecommunications industry is riding a roller coaster. For most of the 1990s, the industry’s future looked promising. The growth of Internet use, the promise of a broadband network, and a less restrictive regulatory environment that was expected following passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act led industry experts to forecast rapidly growing demand for core network services along with high-margin business opportunities in an expanding array of new information services. The industry backed these expectations with massive investments to expand the capacity of both wireless and wire line networks as well as to facilitate the expected boom in high-speed data transmission. But in the years following enactment of the law and the investment boom, demand for both standard telephone and broadband services, while strong, did not explode as the industry had anticipated. As capacity expanded more rapidly than demand and competition began to take hold, prices fell. Not surprisingly, a few major and many minor players fell into bankruptcy. The growing gap between expectations and reality in industry performance has given rise to new calls to rethink national communications policy. In this brief, we address several issues that are now or should be front and center in the debates over future policy. </p> | ROBERT E. LITAN AND ROGER G. NOLL | |||
| 32 | biomedical engineering, biomedical electronics, health care, clinical engineering, medical physics, International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), BME education | <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1 INTRODUCTION</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2 FROMTHEEARLYDAYSTOTHEPRESENT </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3 AGLIMPSEINTOTHEFUTUREOFBME </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4 50THANNIVERSARYOFTHEIFMBE </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5 BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGINCROATIA </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">6 BMERESEARCHINCROATIA</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">7 BMEEDUCATIONINCROATIA </span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">8 CONCLUSION </span></p> |
<p>Medicine and health care have changed dramatically in the past few decades and they depend on high technology for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and for patient rehabilitation. Modern biomedical research and health care are provided by multidisciplinary teams in which biomedical engineers contribute to the advancement of knowledge equally as medical professions. Biomedical engineering represents one (out of two) the most rapidly growing branches of industry in the developed world [1] (the other are sustainable and renewable energy sources). The new knowledge gained by basic biomedical engineering research (at gene, molecular, cellular, organ andsystemlevel)hashighimpactonthegrowthofnewmedicalproductsandboostsindustries,includingsmalland medium size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are expected to bring to the market new products and services for health care delivery [2]. Health is the major theme of the specific Programme on Cooperation under the European Seventh Framework Programme, with a total budget of e6.1 billion over the duration of FP7. The objective of health research under FP7 is to improve the health of European citizens and stir up the competitiveness of health-related industries and businesses, while addressing global health issues, life improving and develop life saving technologies. Hospitals and other medical institutions have a commitment to take care of all kinds of high technology devices including the hospital information systems, networks and their safety and security. Growing technological participation in health services enforces the support of technologically specialized personnel, trained clinical engineers. Worldwide, the educational system has adopted the curricula of biomedical engineering and of clinical engineering. Professional organizations are building certification system for biomedical and clinical engineers and the continuous education (life long learning) structures. The development of biomedical engineering and its affirmation has mainly appeared in the last 50 years, first as a result of development in electronic industry while later it started developing at its own pace. In the first part of this paper, we address the development of biomedical engineering in that period and present our views on the development of biomedical engineering in the future. The secondpartisdevotedtotheInternationalFederationforMedicalandBiologicalEngineering(IFMBE),thelargest organization of biomedical engineers in the world which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2009. In the third part, werecallourmemoriestothefounderofbiomedicalengineeringinCroatia,prof. AnteŠanti´candhisachievements inbiomedicalengineering,andpresentthestateofartofbiomedicalengineeringresearchandeducationinCroatia.</p> <div><br /></div> |
AUTOMATIKA | R. Magjarevi´c, I. Lackovi´ c | |||
| 33 | Robotics, simulation, virtual reality, advanced technologies, biointelligence | Advanced Technologies and the Future of Medicine and Surgery | <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CLINICAL PRACTICE</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">EDUCATION AND TRAINING</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">RESEARCH FOR CLINICAL TRIALS</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">MORAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES</span></p> <p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CONCLUSION</span></p> |
<p>Everything occurs in cycles: revolution, change, adaptation to change, acceptance of the new standard, codifying the new establishment, resistance to further change, revolution and the cycle begins again. In healthcare and surgery, this cycle had been occurring about every 100 years, but recently there has been a perceptible acceleration of this cycle. The first revolution for surgery came during the Industrial Age in the mid 1800's with the simultaneous introduction of anesthesia, asepsis, pathology, new instrumentation, and so on. Nearly a hundred years later, in the mid 20th Century as the Information Age was about to begin, surgery was advancing with antibiotics, intravenous fluid and hyperalimentation, radical surgery resections and chemotherapy to name but a few. By the 1990s, laparoscopic (or minimally invasive) surgery emerged and became the standard for many procedures. Information Age technologies, such as video cameras and monitors,</p> <p>continued the evolution. But technology is accelerating faster than ever, and we are on the threshold of yet another revolution. This is referred to as the BioIntelligence Age,1 an age of multidisciplinary medicine, which can achieve much more than a single researcher or clinician. The complexities of nature are yielding to inter-disciplinary teams performing multi-disciplinary researchgenomics as a combination of biology and information sciences or robotics as a combination for physical (engineering) and information sciences. Much as previous revolutions, this current transformation is occurring because many different technologies are converging to fundamentally change surgery. There is a veritable explosion of new discoveries, such as genomics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), robotics, intelligent systems, molecular biology, etc. The entire healthcare environment and culture are changing at an unprecedented rate of innovation that challenges the practicing physician every day. The change is occurring because of "disruptive technologies", which seemingly completely reverse the fundamental approaches overnight that have been standard for decades. In addition to technology, the surgical environment includes clinical practice, reimbursement, regulatory, education and training, certification, research and clinical trials. Since it is not possible to do justice to all those competing forces, the focus shall be upon the impact of technology, while fully admitting that at any one time, any of the factors plays a dominant role in the life of a physician.</p> |
Yonsei Med J | Richard M. Satava | ||
| 34 | Access Network Discovery and Selection, Wireless Broadband Networks, 3GPP Evolved Packet Core, heterogeneous wireless access | Access Network Discovery and Selection in the Future Broadband Wireless Environment | <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1 Introduction</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2 Access Network Discovery and Selection in 3GPP </span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3 Beyond 3GPP ANDSF </span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4 Open EPC ANDSF Realizations </span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5 Summary and Conclusions </span></p> |
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">The Future Broadband Wireless environment is characterized by the co-existence of a multitude of wireless networks e.g. LTE, UMTS, WiMAX, WiFi etc. In order to be able to offer the best connectivity, according to the requirements of the user and to the preferences of the operator, a novel functionality was introduced in the network and in the mobile devices for access network discovery and selection. This paper introduces this functionality as standardized in the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC), highlighting its main concepts and technical scenarios. Further a set of novel optimizations are evaluated, followed by the description of the Fraunhofer FOKUS OpenEPC implementation. </span></p> <p> </p> |
Institute for Computer Sciences | Marius Corici | ||
| 35 | future of Africa | 9 mega-trends shaping the future of Africa | <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Demographics</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rise of the individual</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Enabling technology</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic interconnectedness</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public debt</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic power shifts</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate change</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Resources stress</span></p> <p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Urbanization</span></p> <p> </p> |
<p>In August 1963 Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech during the March on Washington. And when King said, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal”, it was a turning point in American history.</p> | Seyi Bickersteth, Chairman, KPMG Africa | |||
| 36 | energy | 3 trends transforming the energy sector | <p>1. The transition towards more renewable energy and diversified supplies is creating opportunities and challenges for the security of the global energy infrastructure.</p> <p> </p> <p>2. Digital disruption is creating new opportunities – but also threats.</p> <p> </p> <p>3. The rebalancing of energy supply and demand is leading to a new global energy security order.</p> |
<p>You don’t have to be working in the energy sector to have noticed there are some big changes under way. Over the past year, global conditions have continued to challenge the sector.<br />The year has seen significant changes in energy prices and production – oil and gas producers are cutting costs and are estimated to have deferred close to $400 billion in capital expenditure. We’ve also witnessed an economic slowdown in emerging economies, along with geopolitical change and instability, which effectively reshuffled energy supply and demand.</p> | Roberto Bocca | |||
| 37 | financial market | Eurosystem's vision for the future of Europe’s financial market infrastructure RTGS services ̶ consultative report | <p>1 Technological opportunities 4</p> <p>2 Functional opportunities 7</p> <p>3 Business opportunities 10</p> <p> </p> |
<p>The Eurosystem’s vision (1) analyses the benefits of</p> <p>further integrating and harmonising cash and securities services, (2) assesses the</p> <p>future need for the current services that the Eurosystem provides, (3) identifies</p> <p>potential new services which could support the financial markets in Europe, and (4)</p> <p>elaborates upon the modernisation of the market infrastructure. This vision has to be</p> <p>placed in the context of the capital markets union, which the European Commission</p> <p>is pursuing in parallel.</p> |
European Central Bank (ECB) | European Central Bank (ECB) | ||
| 38 | Healthcare System | Building the Healthcare System of the Future | <p>Introduction</p> <p>Healthcare in Technology</p> <p>Trends and Opportunities in Healthcare in Technology</p> <p>Building the Healthcare System for Your Future</p> <p>Delivery Models</p> <p>Oracle Solutions</p> <p>Conclusion</p> |
<p>The future of healthcare in the United States is changing rapidly. Health insurers are learning to adapt to a myriad of factors, not the least of which are the Affordable Care Act and as well as new and evolving payment methods.</p> | ORACLE | ORACLE | ||
| 39 | green, economy | GREENING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY THE SKILLS CHALLENGE | <p>Why is skills development important to greening the economy?</p> <p>What are the key skills challenges as economies go green?</p> <p>How have countries responded effectively to these challenges?</p> |
<p>This policy brief draws the attention of policy-makers</p> <p>and social partners in both developed and developing</p> <p>countries to the role of skills development in facilitating</p> <p>the transition to a greener economy and seizing the</p> <p>employment opportunities that the transition entails.</p> |
ILO | ILO | ||
| 40 | eCommerce | eCommerce Industry Outlook 2015 | <p>#1 Mobile share will grow to 40% of eCommerce transactions globally</p> <p>#2 In 2015, cross-device marketing will be real and drive significant value</p> <p>#3 Programmatic buying will drive rapid growth in native advertising</p> <p>#4 Brick-and-mortar retailers will focus even more on online strategies</p> <p>#5 Mobile apps focus will shift to re-engagement</p> <p>#6 Automated ad formats will offer even greater flexibility</p> <p>#7 Acquisitions and consolidations will continue to intensify in the ad-tech industry</p> <p>Conclusions and recommendations</p> |
<p>The global eCommerce industry saw impressive growth in 2014 with</p> <p>goods and services worth $1.5 trillion bought by shoppers via desktops,</p> <p>tablets and smartphones. Advertisers are now spending an increasing</p> <p>proportion of their marketing budgets on Internet advertising. This ad</p> <p>spend is forecast to surpass $160 billion in 2015, of which more than</p> <p>$58 billion will be spent on Display advertising.</p> |
Criteo | Eric Eichmann | ||
| 41 | Nanotechnology, Food industry | CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY | <p>INTRODUCTION</p> <p>NANO - FOOD MARKET</p> <p>APPLICATION IN FOOD PACKAGING</p> <p>APPLICATIONS IN FOOD PROCESSING</p> <p>REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE SAFETY OF NANOPRODUCTS</p> <p>CONCLUSION</p> |
<p>Food technology is regarded as one of the industry sectors in which nanotechnology will play an important role in the future. The usage of nanotechnology in agriculture and food systems will lead to great advancements in the food industry. </p> | International Symposium On Innovative Technologies In Engineering And Science | |||
| 42 | Healthcare, Ecosystem | Healthcare Challenges and Trends The Patient at the Heart of Care | <p>GLOBAL CHALLENGES</p> <p>GLOBAL HEALTHCARE TRENDS</p> |
<p>Quality healthcare is one of the most important factors in how individuals perceive their quality of life. In most countries, alongside the economy, it is the major political issue. In some countries, the healthcare delivery organization is a part of the national identity. CGI believes it is time for a new enlightenment in every aspect of the healthcare ecosystem, where every player, from governments to enterprises to individuals, is involved in improving healthcare. This is part of a series of white papers on key aspects affecting the move toward an Enlightened Healthcare Ecosystem. </p> | CGI GROUP | |||
| 43 | Servitization, Technologies | THE FUTURE OF SERVITIZATION: Technologies that will make a difference | <p>Acknowledgements....................................... 2</p> <p>Executive summary....................................... 4</p> <p>Introduction................................................... 5</p> <p>Servitization – what we know already......... 6</p> <p>What we discovered: key servitization technologies – now and in the future.................................... 8</p> <p>The technology drivers...............................13</p> <p>Conclusion....................................................15</p> |
<p>This executive briefing provides an invaluable guide to the technologies that are likely to play a pivotal role in the future of servitization. In doing so it offers integrated product–service providers some insights into how they can maintain or gain competitive advantage in their markets.</p> | Cambridge Service Alliance | Veit Dinges 외 다수 | ||
| 44 | the fourth industrial revolution, jobs | The Future of Jobs Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution | <p>DRIVERS OF CHANGE</p> <p>EMPLOYMENT TRENDS</p> <p>SKILLS STABILITY</p> <p>FUTURE WORKFORCE STRATEGY</p> <p>RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION<br /></p> |
<p>Disruptive changes to business models will have a profound impact on the employment landscape over the coming years. Many of the major drivers of transformation currently affecting global industries are expected to have a significant impact on jobs, ranging from significant job creation to job displacement, and from heightened labour productivity to widening skills gaps. In many industries and countries, the most in-demand occupations or specialties did not exist 10 or even five years ago, and the pace of change is set</p> <p>to accelerate.</p> |
World Economic Forum | World Economic Forum | ||
| 45 | Job Opportunities, Labor Market | The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings | US | <p>Employment growth is “polarizing” into relatively high-skill, high-wage jobs and low-skill, low-wage jobs</p> <p> </p> <p>Key contributors to job polarization are the automation of routine work and the international integration of labor markets</p> <p> </p> <p>The earnings of college-educated workers relative to high school-educated workers have risen steadily for almost three decades</p> <p> </p> <p>Rising relative earnings of college graduates are due both to rising real earnings for college workers and falling real earnings for noncollege workers—particularly noncollege males</p> <p> </p> <p>Gains in educational attainment have not generally kept pace with rising educational returns, particularly for males</p> <p> </p> <p>Conclusion</p> |
<p>Between December 2007, when the U.S. housing</p> <p>and financial crises became the subject of daily</p> <p>news headlines, and July 2011, the civilian unemployment</p> <p>rate nearly doubled, to 9.1 percent</p> <p>from 5.0 percent, while the employment-to-population</p> <p>ratio dropped to 58.1 percent from 62.7 percent—the</p> <p>lowest level seen in more than 25 years.</p> |
Community Investments | David Autor | |
| 46 | Transformation, Newspapers,Technology Era | Transformation of Newspapers in the Technology Era | <p>Abstract</p> <p>I. Introduction</p> <p>II. Literature Review</p> <p>III. Methods</p> <p>IV. Findings and Analyses</p> <p>V. Conclusion</p> |
<p>This study attempted to investigate how newspapers were adapting to technology and how well the</p> <p>changes were keeping up with altering consumer demands. This research examined what prominent technology newspapers were using to deliver news and whether adjusting to current technology was keeping</p> <p>readers satisfied.</p> |
The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications | C. Elizabeth Everett | ||
| 47 | Production Technology, Movie Content | Production Technology and Trends in Movie Content: An Empirical Study | <p>I. Introduction</p> <p>II. Background and theory</p> <p>VII. Summary and Conclusions</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Our analysis of trends in content of the Top 20 U.S. box office movies over the 1967-2008</p> <p>period confirms that certain film type (or “genre”) labels such as “action,” “animation” and ‘scifi”</p> <p>have become more prevalent, while others such “drama,” “romance” and “musical” have</p> <p>declined.</p> |
Dept. of Telecommunications Indiana University | Sung Wook Ji, David Waterman | ||
| 48 | Technology, Film and Entertainment Industry | Shifting Technology Paradigm for the Film and Entertainment Industry: Interface Modalities | <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>INTRODUCTION</p> <p>LITERATURE REVIEW</p> <p>THE MODEL</p> <p>FINDINGS AND RESULTS</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS</p> |
<p>As technology evolves, so does the use of technology in the film and entertainment</p> <p>industry. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the use of different technology</p> <p>modalities and how they interface with the various stakeholders in the film and entertainment</p> <p>industry. Since this is a dynamic environment, the models will reflect the most up-to-date</p> <p>information about technology in the industry and show how the shifting technology paradigm is</p> <p>affecting the industry, both currently and predictively in the future.</p> |
AABRI Conference | Diane Fulton 외 다수 | ||
| 49 | high-performance computing, engineering calculations | Trends in high-performance computing for engineering calculations | <p>1. Introduction</p> <p>2. Current hardware</p> <p>3. Future developments</p> <p>4. Software</p> <p>5. Software research</p> <p>6. Advice for computational fluid dynamics users</p> <p>7. Advice for computational fluid dynamics developers</p> <p> </p> |
<p>High-performance computing has evolved remarkably over the past 20 years, and that progress is</p> <p>likely to continue. However, in recent years, this progress has been achieved through greatly increased</p> <p>hardware complexity with the rise of multicore and manycore processors, and this is affecting the</p> <p>ability of application developers to achieve the full potential of these systems.</p> |
the Royal Society | M. B. Giles, I. Reguly | ||
| 50 | high-technology | DECLINING BUSINESS DYNAMISM IN THE U.S. HIGH-TECHNOLOGY SECTOR | US | <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>INTRODUCTION</p> <p>JOB CREATION AND DESTRUCTION</p> <p>ENTREPRENEURSHIP RATES</p> <p>CONCLUSION</p> |
<p>The U.S. economy is very dynamic—with firms entering, exiting, expanding, or</p> <p>contracting at all times. More competitive firms grow and replace less-competitive ones.</p> <p>This dynamic process is an important source of productivity growth and sustained</p> <p>economic prosperity in modern economies. New and young firms play an outsized role</p> <p>in this productivity-enhancing dynamic process, and in net job creation.</p> |
Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation | John Haltiwanger, Ian Hathaway, Javier Miranda | |
| 51 | brexit, impact, technology | Impact of Brexit on technology and innovation | UK | <p>Data privacy</p> <p>Sale of Goods and Services</p> <p>Outsourcing</p> <p>Intellectual Property Rights</p> <p>Telecoms and Media</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> |
<p>Impact of Brexit on technology and innovation</p> | Norton Rose Fulbright | Mike Rebeiro | |
| 52 | brexit, impact, tech | THE IMPACT OF BREXIT ON THE TECH SECTOR | UK | <p>1. IMMEDIATE IMPACT</p> <p>Data and privacy</p> <p>Fintech</p> <p>Telecoms</p> <p>Talent and skills</p> <p>Digital Single Market</p> <p>2. ECONOMIC FALL-OUT</p> <p>3. CHANGING MOOD</p> |
<p>Britain’s EU referendum and decision to vote Leave has</p> <p>had a profound effect on the country’s political and</p> <p>economic landscape. Britain’s tech sector – proportionally</p> <p>the largest of any country in the G20 – obviously won’t</p> <p>escape the impact of such a momentous change.</p> |
Harvard Public Relations | Pete Marcus | |
| 53 | Technology, Postal Organizations | Accenture Technology Vision for Postal Organizations: Five trends shaping the future | <p>INTRODUCTION</p> <p>TREND 1 Internet of Me: Personalized delivery services</p> <p>TREND 2 Outcome Economy: Linking physical and digital to drive outcomes</p> <p>TREND 3 The Platform (R)evolution: Platform-based value added services</p> <p>TREND 4 Intelligent Enterprise: Huge data, smarter software— better outcomes</p> <p>TREND 5 Workforce Reimagined: Collaboration at the intersection of humans and machines</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> |
<p>To diversify beyond their core services, postal and parcel organizations are building new networks and increasing collaboration with their partners. As these connections grow, an “ecosystem” is emerging that</p> <p>encompasses consumers, retailers and financial institutions, online payment providers and mobile phone companies.</p> |
Accenture | Brody Buhler | ||
| 54 | Communications, media, technology | Communications, media and technology: the search for growth | <p>1 Introduction 04</p> <p>2 Executive summary 06</p> <p>3 About this report 08</p> <p>4 Growth 10</p> <p>5 New markets 22</p> <p>6 M&A 34</p> <p>7 Contacts 56</p> |
<p>The report shows</p> <p>• that growth prospects in the technology, media and telecoms sectors are good and that, increasingly, much of this growth will come from China, South East Asia and India</p> <p>• that companies in these sectors are “risk tolerant” – they will enter new markets if the opportunities outweigh the risks</p> <p>• there is likely to be an increase in M&A activity in the technology, media and telecoms sectors.</p> |
Norton Rose Group | Norton Rose Group | ||
| 55 | inequality, middle income | LONG TERM TRENDS IN THE WORLD OF WORK: EFFECTS ON INEQUALITIES AND MIDDLE-INCOME GROUPS | <p>Main results: the growth and erosion of the middle class </p> <p>The link between polarization and the middle class </p> <p>Policies and institutions can make a difference</p> <p> </p> |
<p>International debate has recently focused on increased inequalities and on the adverse effects they </p> <p>may have on both social and economic developments (for example, as demonstrated by both OECD </p> <p>and IMF reports over the course of 2015). At the same time income inequality is at its highest level </p> <p>for the past half century. </p> |
ILO | ILO | ||
| 56 | Household Income, Middle Class | The Distribution of Household Income and the Middle Class | US | <p>Summary</p> <p>The Distribution of Household Income ........................................................................................... 1</p> <p>The Middle Class ............................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>Absolute Income ........................................................................................................................ 4</p> <p>Relative Income ......................................................................................................................... 6</p> |
<p>Although not itself a subject of legislation, the shape of the income distribution enters Congress’s</p> <p>decision-making process concerning such policy issues as taxes, means-tested benefits, and social</p> <p>insurance programs. Congress also considers legislation specifically in the name of those in the</p> <p>middle class, which is variously defined as some income level or income range within the</p> <p>distribution of U.S. households with income. </p> |
Congressional Research Service | Craig K. Elwell | |
| 57 | Economic Mobility | U.S. Economic Mobility: The Dream and the Data | US | <p>Definitions, data, and measurement</p> <p>Education or birthright?</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Economic mobility is a core principle of the American narrative and the basis for the American</p> <p>Dream. However, research suggests that the United States may not be as mobile as Americans</p> <p>believe. The United States has high absolute mobility in the sense that children readily become</p> <p>richer than their parents. But the nation appears to fall short on relative mobility, which is the</p> <p>ability of children to change their rank in the income distribution relative to their parents.</p> |
FRBSF Economic Letter | LEILA BENGALI, MARY DALY | |
| 58 | Economic Mobility, intergenerational mobility | Economic Mobility | US | <p>Time Trends</p> <p>Variation within the United States</p> <p>Correlates of Spatial Variation</p> |
<p>There is less intergenerational mobility in the United States than is sometimes appreciated by the public,</p> <p>but intergenerational mobility is not declining. When poor children born in 1971 and 1986 are compared, one finds a slight increase (from 8.4 to 9.0 percent) in the chances of reaching the top fifth of the income distribution by age 28.</p> |
The Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality | Raj Chetty 외 다수 | |
| 59 | inequality, social mobility, Intergenerational mobility | More inequality, less social mobility | <p>I. Introduction</p> <p>II. Estimating Intergenerational Mobility</p> <p>III. Inequality and Social Mobility</p> <p>IV. Conclusion</p> <p>Acknowledgements</p> |
<p>A common view among citizens of large industrialized countries is that economic inequality is fair,</p> <p>provided there are equal opportunities.1 At the same time, there tends to be a belief that equal opportunity</p> <p>norms are violated when the degree of intergenerational mobility is low and family background exerts</p> <p>a strong influence on children’s income in adulthood.</p> |
routledge taylor & francis group | Dan Andrews, Andrew Leigh | ||
| 60 | brexit, effects, africa | Potential implications of Brexit for African Economies | <p>Introduction</p> <p>Financial markets turmoil and contagion effects</p> <p>Capital flows</p> <p>Trade</p> <p>Slowdown in UK and the EU economies</p> <p>Development assistance from UK and Europe</p> <p>Opportunities</p> <p>Impact on selected countries</p> <p>Conclusion</p> |
<p>In a tense referendum, the British people voted by a narrow margin for the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) on 23 June. Those in favour of rescinding membership of the EU want to have greater sovereignty and control over their economy, greater control over migration, and to make their own trade agreements.</p> | quantum global research lab | Seedwell Hove, Jeremy Wakeford | ||
| 61 | brexit, impact | Why Brexit? | <p>Summary</p> <p>Brexit, agriculture and rural areas</p> <p>Wider Brexit Issues</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>References</p> |
<p>A lot of ink has been spilt on arguments about whether the UK should leave the European</p> <p>Union or remain. Academics, policy makers, business managers, farmers, the larger public</p> <p>and the media seem to be in turmoil over the issue. Since the referendum date has now</p> <p>been set for 23rd June 2016, the debate is likely to become even more intense.</p> |
Centre for Rural Economy newcastle univ. | David Harvey, Carmen Hubbard | ||
| 62 | brexit, impact, european capital market | THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF BREXIT ON EUROPEAN CAPITAL MARKETS A QUALITATIVE SURVEY OF MARKET PARTICIPANTS | <p>On 23rd June the UK will hold a referendum on whether to remain a member</p> <p>of the European Union or to leave. This report is about the practical</p> <p>implications of a potential Brexit on capital markets in Europe, and the potential</p> <p>knock-on effects on investors, issuers and other customers.</p> |
New Financial | William Wright | |||
| 63 | brexit, global economy | The Potential Impacts of Brexit on the Global Economy | <p>SHORT SUMMARY</p> <p>GLOBAL IMPACT</p> <p>MACRO TRENDS GROUP BASE CASE GOING FORWARD</p> <p> </p> |
<p>The markets and the oddsmakers have been caught off guard by the UK’s Brexit</p> <p>vote. The immediate reaction in the financial markets has been swift and violent</p> <p>owing to the surprise. Financial markets will likely calm somewhat after a</p> <p>period of shock and awe, but will find themselves settling into an entirely new</p> <p>vector of macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty.</p> |
Bain & Company | Bain & Company | ||
| 64 | brexit, japan | Urgent Report: Japan’s Economy after Brexit | japan | <p>Summary</p> <p>UK voters choose to withdraw from the EU (Brexit)</p> <p>Estimating the effects of Brexit on Japan’s economy</p> <p> </p> |
<p>A national referendum was held in the UK on June 23rd to determine whether or not the</p> <p>citizens of that country would prefer to withdraw from the EU. The results of the vote found that</p> <p>the majority of citizens choose to leave behind membership in the EU (or “Brexit” as it has</p> <p>come to be known).</p> |
daiwa institute of research | Keisuke Okamoto | |
| 65 | robot, customized robots | The Robots Are Coming | <p>YOUR OWN PERSONAL ROBOT</p> <p>AS YOU LIKE IT</p> <p>DOES NOT COMPUTE</p> <p>ROBOT’S LITTLE HELPER</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Robots have the potential to greatly improve the quality of our lives at home, at work, and at play. Customized robots working alongside people will create new jobs, improve the quality of existing jobs, and give people more time to focus on what they find interesting, important, and exciting.</p> | Council on Foreign Relations, US | Daniela Rus | ||
| 66 | the 4th Industrial Revolution | The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond | <p>More on the agenda</p> <p>Challenges and opportunities</p> <p>The impact on business</p> <p>The impact on government</p> <p>The impact on people</p> <p>Shaping the future</p> <p> </p> |
<p>The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to mechanize production. The Second used electric power to create mass production. The Third used electronics and information technology to automate production. Now a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.</p> | Klaus Schwab | |||
| 67 | the 4th Industrial Revolution, Taking Stock | The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Government of the Future: Taking Stock of the Big Picture | <p>A Few Words on the Fourth Industrial Revolution</p> <p>Government Challenges: The Public Service</p> <p>Government Challenges: Ethics of the 4th Industrial Revolution</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p> </p> |
<p>The fourth industrial revolution is upon us via the imminent rise of artificial intelligence, the robotization of economies and everyday life, the use of 3D printing, the dominance of big data and of the web of things, as well as resulting from major breakthroughs in the field of biogenetics. These developments hold great promise to make life better for everyone and to generate new wealth. However, they also bring along major concerns about transformations in human activity. This research note focuses on government in light of this dawning industrial revolution.</p> | Ian Roberge | |||
| 68 | manufacturing, the 4th industrial revolution | Factories 4.0 Europe A vision for the future of manufacturing in Europe as the result of the 4th industrial revolution | <p>Introduction</p> <p>What is this Factories 4.0 ….</p> <p>Industry changes continuously, it is adapting to changing environments ..</p> <p>Present situation in Europe, facing a change in customer behavior …</p> <p>Versus the present industry having a balance sheet crisis, and facing a great restructuring</p> <p>From manufacturer to solution supplier and from part supplier to supplier manufacturer</p> <p>But not only the business model changes, there is more to change, smaller, smarter, ….</p> <p>A vision of the Factory of the Future: Factories 4.0</p> <p>Every European metropole with a fab manufacturing Mercedes, Jaguar, Seat, ..</p> <p>Your phone assembled with few standard components and printed around the corner ..</p> <p>Goodbye car plant, hello my personal car plant</p> <p>From bulk oil base chemical to process intensification and bio-based platform chemicals</p> <p>Print your energy neutral house or refurbish it with smart energy systems</p> <p>Existing fabs will not all change, they will get smarter upgrades</p> <p>And we need a new manufacturing service network: the digital market place</p> <p>How to achieve Factories 4.0 …</p> <p>Turning a vision in reality ….</p> <p>Conclusions</p> |
<p>All our manufactured goods are getting smarter. They have to be more sustainable and</p> <p>should be recycled by its owner/producer. Users change requirements and use patterns</p> <p>more often. Products will change into solutions where a piece of hardware is part of a</p> <p>service. Product companies become solution providers shifting their focus on their</p> <p>customers and their needs. Their solutions are leased and the cash flow changes from</p> <p>being paid after selling a manufactured good into continuous payments for lease</p> <p>contracts.</p> |
European Factories of the Future Research Assoc. | Prof Dr Ir Egbert-Jan Sol | ||
| 69 | the fourth industrial revolution | the weekly letter the fourth industrial revolution | <p>the fourth industrial revolution</p> <p>markets in review</p> <p>looking ahead<br /></p> |
<p>At this year’s World Economic Forum annual meeting, the so-called Fourth Industrial<br />Revolution was highlighted as a major theme that will characterize the years ahead. This revolution, according to the</p> <p>meeting’s attending business and government leaders, will consist of technological developments that will change our lives,</p> <p>business, markets and the global economy. With this forecast as a backdrop, we remind investors of the importance of longterm</p> <p>investment plans and of the relevance of A Transforming World themes, particularly in times of market volatility.</p> |
Bank of America Corporation | Chief Investment Office | ||
| 70 | Industry 4.0, Industrial revolutions | A new era | <p>1 Industrial revolutions and respective enabling technologies</p> <p>2 Technical drivers of Industry 4.0</p> <p>3 Cyber-physical system</p> <p>4 Industrial demands on the fourth industrial revolution</p> <p>5 ABB’s integration topology of Industry 4.0</p> <p> </p> |
<p>A new era of industrial innovation is upon us. Referred to as the fourth industrial</p> <p>revolution, the deeper meshing of the digital world with the world of machines</p> <p>holds the potential to bring about profound transformation to global industry.</p> <p>This new industrial stage, where the Internet meets production, is a major topic</p> <p>of discussion at production and process industry conferences and meetings.</p> <p>The Industry 4.0 initiative is one of several projects working to bring the fourth</p> <p>industrial revolution to fruition. ABB is collaborating with the Industry 4.0 initiative</p> <p>group and the respective working groups of related industrial associations 1 to</p> <p>investigate the impact of this new and highly anticipated industrial stage as well</p> <p>as the technical feasibility of bringing it to ABB’s customers.</p> |
ABB Corporate Research | MARTIN W. KRUEGER, RAINER DRATH, HEIKO KOZIOLEK, ZIED M. OUERTANI | ||
| 71 | Digital transformation, customer | Digital Transformation In The Age Of The Customer | <p>Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 1</p> <p>The Customer Experience Is At The Heart Of Digital Transformation ........ 2</p> <p>Businesses Have A Ways To Go On Their Path To Digital Transformation ................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>Third-Party Solution Providers Plug The Gaps And Drive Transformation ................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>Key Recommendations ..................................................................................... 7</p> <p>Appendix A: Methodology ................................................................................ 8</p> <p>Appendix B: Supplemental Material ................................................................ 9</p> <p>Appendix C: Endnotes ..................................................................................... 10</p> |
<p>The past five years have marked the beginning of the “Age of the Customer,” in which technology and economic forces have put customers in control of their interactions with businesses. These businesses, hoping to understand and serve customers in a global and digital economy, are almost universally undergoing digital transformation, which involves realigning and investing in new technology and business models with a specific focus on the customer experience.</p> | FORRESTER CONSULTING | |||
| 72 | Digital Manufacturing, 4th Industrial Revolution | Future of Manufacturing: Digital Manufacturing within the 4th Industrial Revolution | <p>Manufacturing – Performance</p> <p>Value Drivers: Why do this? Who Benefits ?</p> <p>Challenges</p> <p>What’s the UK 2 minute elevator pitch? A Strategy?</p> <p> </p> |
<p>Modern manufacturing is undergoing a revolution –a 4th industrial revolution- as digitalisation of</p> <p>industry transforms capability and activity on a global scale.</p> <p>Connectivity is ubiquitous: Smart products-Smart Factories-Smart Supply Chains</p> <p>“Data is currency”- providing opportunities for new business models; revenue and markets.</p> |
Department for business innovation & skills, UK | Clare Marett | ||
| 73 | Digical transformation | Leading a Digical transformation | <p>The Digical world</p> <p>Diagnosing your industry</p> <p>Responding to Digical innovation</p> <p>Determining where you want to go—and how fast you need to get there</p> <p>Looking ahead</p> <p> </p> |
<p>The truth is that both the digital world and the physical</p> <p>one are indispensable parts of life and of business. The</p> <p>real transformation taking place today isn’t the replacement</p> <p>of the one by the other, it’s the marriage of the two</p> <p>into combinations that create wholly new sources of</p> <p>value. This is a phenomenon we at Bain call DigicalSM,</p> <p>and it is likely to reshape not only the way people live,</p> <p>but the way companies operate.</p> |
Bain & Company | Darrell K. Rigby, Suzanne Tager | ||
| 74 | digital technology, leadership | Embracing Digital Technology: A New Strategic Imperative | <p>2 / Executive Summary</p> <p>3 / Introduction</p> <p>• Brewing Up Change at Starbucks</p> <p>•About the Research</p> <p>3 / Digital Immaturity: A Widespread Problem</p> <p>•The Digital Imperative</p> <p>•Technology Everywhere</p> <p>5 / The Benefits of Digital Transformation</p> <p>6 / The Trouble with Digital Transformation</p> <p>• Leadership: Defining the Agenda</p> <p>-Lack of urgency</p> <p>-The vision thing</p> <p>-Picking a direction</p> <p>8 / Institutional Challenges</p> <p>-Attitudes of older workers</p> <p>-Legacy technology</p> <p>-Innovation fatigue</p> <p>-Politics</p> <p>Sidebar: Intel Gets Urgent</p> <p>10 / Executing the Change</p> <p>• Making a Case for Digital Transformation</p> <p>•Incentives</p> <p>12 / Conclusion</p> |
<p>This report (as well as the survey) focuses on digital transformation, which we define as the use of new digital</p> <p>technologies (social media, mobile, analytics or embedded devices) to enable major business improvements</p> <p>(such as enhancing customer experience, streamlining operations or creating new business models).</p> |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Michael Fitzgerald, Nina Kruschwitz, Didier Bonnet, Michael Welch | ||
| 75 | digital transformation, european, industry, enterprises | Declaration on the digital transformation of European industry and enterprises | <p>Speed is of the essence: accelerating digital transformation to seize business opportunities</p> <p> </p> <p>Magnitude matters: mobilising investments to reap the full benefits of a European data-driven economy</p> <p> </p> <p>Reskilling the workforce: digital skills for industry</p> <p> </p> <p>Accelerate the transition to a circular economy through digital transformation</p> <p> </p> <p>Empowering mayors, regional leaders and entrepreneurs as digital transformation ambassadors to make cities and regions launch pads for digital transformation</p> <p> </p> <p>Making open innovation a best practice in corporate governance</p> <p> </p> <p>Europe needs a new wave of entrepreneurs</p> |
<p>Digital technologies are currently driving the ‘fourth industrial revolution’. Empowered by digital investments, disruptive business models and improved production processes, European companies are generating international market opportunities with new products and services. In today’s globalised world, the transition to a digital economy is essential for Europe’s competitive edge and to deliver much needed economic growth and jobs. To this end, the conference participants urge Europe’s policy makers and industry leaders to take immediate and bold action, notably in the following areas.</p> | Conference on the digital transformation of European industry and enterprises | |||
| 76 | digital, transformation | Digital Business Transformation | <p>Where do you stand on the DBT journey?</p> <p>1: Organizational change led path</p> <p>2: The technology led path</p> <p>Digital as a tool to drive strategic organizational renewal</p> |
<p>Digital business transformation (DBT) is about more than devices and software. It is about organizational change through the use of digital technologies to materially improve performance. The explosion in the use of AMPS(Analytical tools and applications, Mobile tools and applications, Platforms to build shareable digital capabilities, and Social media) is changing the dynamics of competition in many industries. More and more companies in traditional sectors acknowledge that they need to do more about DBT, but are unclear on what</p> <p>steps to take.</p> |
IMD(International Institute for Management Development) | Donald A. Marchand | ||
| 77 | 중점녹색기술 | 중점녹색기술 기술수준 현황과 시사점 | KOREA | <p>차례</p> <p> </p> <p>Ⅰ. 연구배경 ············································································ 3</p> <p>Ⅱ. 조사 대상 및 방법 ····························································· 5</p> <p>Ⅲ. 27대 중점녹색기술 기술수준 조사 결과 ·························· 6</p> <p>Ⅳ. 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ···················································· 33</p> |
<p>본 연구에서는 ’12년 1단계 종료를 앞두고 있는 ｢중점녹색기술 개발 및 상용화 전략｣ 추진에 따른 연구개발 진척도 및 녹색기술수준 향상 정도에 대한 점검⋅분석이 필요함에 따라 우리나라의 중점녹색기술 기술수준 및 기술격차 등을 종합적으로 조사⋅분석함</p> | 한국과학기술기획평가원 | 홍미영 외 3명 | |
| 78 | 미래환경기술, 오염물질관리 | 미래환경기술의 방향과 과제 | KOREA | <p>차례</p> <p><br /></p> <p>I. 패러다임 변화와 미래 환경기술의 범위 확장</p> <p>II. 우리나라의 환경기술 미래 전망</p> <p>III. 일본의 환경기술 미래 전망</p> <p>IV. 결론 : 미래 환경기술의 방향 설정을 위한 제언</p> |
<p>미래의 환경기술은 이처럼 오염물질 관리와같은 전통적인 환경기술에서 서비스와 정책, 시스템까지 영역을 확장하고 있다.이에 우리나의 미래 환경기술 예측 전략과 주요 선진국의 전략을 살피어 우리가 개발하고자 하는 환경기술의 방향은 어디를 지향하고 있으며 그 기술로써 이루어내고자 하는 목표가 무엇인지를 되짚어보고자 한다. 우리가 전망하려는 것이 기술인지 아니면 그 기술을 통해 이루고자 하는 삶의 모습 인지를 국내외의 환경기술 예측 사례에 비추어 생각해볼 필요가 있다.</p> | 김종환 | ||
과학기술정책연구원 간행물
no 키워드 제목 국가 내용 요약 출처 작가
1 Global Environmental Change Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change "<p>+ REPORTS</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Table1.Univariateandmultivariateforecastsforyears2020and2050,basedon trends observed in the past 35 to 40 years and their dependence on population and GDP. Parentheses show R2 values for each regression. Levels of significance</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 109 hectares of natural ecosystems wouldbeconvertedtoagricultureby2050.Thiswouldbeaccompaniedby2.4to 2.7-fold increases in nitrogen- and phosphorus-driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater, and near-shore marine ecosystems, and comparable increases in pesticide use. This eutrophication and habitat destruction would causeunprecedentedecosystemsimplification,lossofecosystemservices,and species extinctions. Significant scientific advances and regulatory, technological, and policy changes are needed to control the environmental impacts of agricultural expansion.</p>
<p><br /></p>" SCIENCE SCIENCE
2 Medical education. Future Challenges in Medical Education "<p>- Introduction</p>
<p>- Innovations in Medical Education Strategies </p>
<p>- Trends Influencing The Future of Medical Education </p>
<p>- Present Pressures </p>
<p>- The Impact of Information Technology (IT) on Medical Education </p>
<p>- A Futuristic Plan for Medical Education </p>
<p>- Future Challenges </p>
<p>- Conclusion </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>There have been many models proposed in the past decade on the best practices in teaching and learning processes, especially in medical education. The main trend is a major shift from tutor-centered system to student-centered learning processes with the aid of information technology and communications, more often called e-learning. The introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) and student centered team based learning SCTL) in the early 80’s became a trend which spread like wildfire in most modern medical schools. </p>
<p>The acceptance of these new methodology received different reactions, mainly from the tutors, most of whom were split on whether the need of change was really necessary, asking the main question of “what is wrong with the traditional methods” or “have we produced inefficient doctors through the years of traditional system teachings”. It seemed for some time that a significant number of older generation tutors were much more comfortable with the methods they were used to. </p>
<p>Considerable curricular changes were made by many medical institutes to implement the student centered learning system. This approach, however, necessitated the training of tutors and the creation of a learning environment, which was later found not to be too easy. The major consideration of a shift in techniques of teaching learning processes is the understanding of the trends in the younger generation of the Y2K century. A generation which prefers to express rather than listen, to research and find rather than being spoon-fed and a generation where knowledge is always available whenever they are connected to the internet. Hence the change of the role of tutors to be facilitators rather than content providers was seen to be more acceptable to the new generation of students. </p>
<p>The advancing information technology (IT) has been able to provide the necessary tools to achieve that objective. The students may be granted the opportunity to have more freedom in selecting their learning material and to enjoy a degree of distance-learning. The consequence of applying IT in medical institutes would, probably, enforce the trend towards moving to a student-centered learning environment, inducing hesitant tutors to become more compliant with the change. The future medical curriculum is anticipated to be more student-centered, more modular, more integrated, more PBL or SCTL-oriented and more inter-institutionalized, with less memorizing and with more learning about learning. In addition, medical education as a whole at least in part, would be, performed at distance. The future medical tutor may have to be more PBL-oriented, more qualified in learning strategies, competent in small group (probably single-student) learning, more of a 'mentor' or a 'facilitator' than of a 'teacher', able to train students at higher cognitive levels rather than being an 'authority' in its field. He has no choice but to be fluent in IT, and interactive with learning via other learning-collaborating institutions. </p>" Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Abdul Latiff Mohamed
3 Innovation Management The Future of Innovation Management: Five Key Steps for Future Success "<p>1. CUSTOMER-BASED INNOVATION </p>
<p>2. PROACTIVE BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION </p>
<p>3. FRUGAL INNOVATION / REVERSE INNOVATION </p>
<p>4. HIGH SPEED / LOW RISK INNOVATION </p>
<p>5. INTEGRATED INNOVATION </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>By helping clients to develop new approaches and tools for improving innovation management we have a good overview of the current picture. But what can we expect over the next ten years? What key trends do we see in the way companies are managing innovation? What approaches and concepts are going to be ground-breaking, and what will this mean for business leaders? </p>
<p>We see that the increasing need for innovation is driven by external factors such as ongoing globalization, the shift of economic gravity away from traditional Western countries, continuing economic uncertainty and changing and more individualized customer demands. </p>
<p>From recent research (“The Future of Innovation Management: The Next 10 Years” from Arthur D. Little) that surveyed the opinions of global Chief Technology Officers and Chief Information Officers, we identified key changes in five distinct but interrelated innovation management concepts as being important for the years ahead: customer-based innovation, proactive business model innovation, frugal innovation, high-speed/low risk innovation and integrated innovation. But what do we mean by these? </p>" Innovation Management Innovation Management
4 Inequality The Future of Inequality "<p>- Inequality and growth in postwar america </p>
<p>- Long-term trends in inequality and the returns from education </p>
<p>- The race </p>
<p>- The future of inequality </p>
<p> </p>" <p>almost entirely by what amounts to a race between technological change and educational attainment. Technological change has increased the relative demand for skilled and educated workers, while access to education has increased the relative supply of skilled and educated individuals. And here’s the kicker: the big variable appears to be changes in the pace of educational attainment rather than changes in technological progress. The rise and decline of unions plays a supporting role in the story, as do immigration and outsourcing. But not much of a role. Stripped to essentials, the ebb and flow of wage inequality is all about education and technology. </p> The Milken Institute Review Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz
5 Technology and the Future of Humanism The Singularity: Technology and the Future of Humanism "<p>- Humanity’s Relation to Technology </p>
<p>- What Does It Mean To Be Human? </p>
<p>- Repositioning the Singularity and Humanism </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>The late writer and futurist Arthur C. Clarke once remarked that the best proof for intelligent life in the universe is that it hasn’t come here. He was also fond of paraphrasing the polymath J. B. S. Haldane by reminding his audience that the universe is not only stranger than we imagine, but also stranger than we can imagine. Presumably the inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, who is currently director of engineering at Google, would accept the latter of Clarke’s propositions, but not necessarily the former. Not only is he working to apply his theory of intelligence to Google’s search engine to render its current algorithms obsolete, but he also believes the time is approaching when humans will create artificial intelligence with vastly greater intelligence than our own, with aims beyond mere mortal power to understand.</p>
<p><br /></p>" Torch Magazine Roger A. Hughes
6 global water quality The murky future of global water quality "<p>- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY </p>
<p>- SCENARIOS</p>
<p>- RESULTS</p>
<p>- CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>Even using the most optimistic projections, the world is on a path toward rapidly deteriorating water quality levels in many countries, according to a new study conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute and Veolia. The study uses robust mathematical modeling to contrast specific biophysical water quality modeling on a global scale with three global economic projections, two sets of climate change projections and projected future agricultural production activities. Water quality deterioration is projected to rapidly increase over the next several decades which, in turn, will increase risks to human health, economic development and ecosystems. The findings in this study serve as a call to action to contain water pollution to ensure that future generations can enjoy the many benefits associated with clean water.</p>
<p><br /></p>" A WHITE PAPER BY VEOLIA & IFPRI A WHITE PAPER BY VEOLIA & IFPRI
7 transportation The future of transportation : Autonomous transportation systems <p>- Autonomous transportation systems </p> "<p> Digitalization is set to revolutionize the way we get around. Getting quickly and efficiently from A to B is a given nowadays. But passengers expect more – and local governments, transport operators and industry have to respond accordingly.</p>
<p> Today, innovation in the rail industry means, more than anything else, digital innovation. That is because digitalization makes it possible to fulfill the most urgent needs as regards mobility, namely maximum availability and throughput as well as greater comfort and convenience. </p>" Siemens Siemens
8 Asia’s Aging Population Asia’s Aging Population "<p>- Future trends for Asia’s elderly</p>
<p>- Policy options for an aging region</p>
<p>- Healthcare systems</p>
<p>- Conclusions<br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>" <p>All across Asia, the number of people age 65 and above is expected to grow dramatically over the next 50 years. For the region as a whole, the population in this age group will increase by 314 percent—from 207 million in 2000 to 857 million in 2050 (Table 1). Facing an unprecedented pace of population aging, Asian governments must tackle important policy challenges. How best can the needs of the elderly be met? Will current approaches to support the elderly place an undue burden on the younger generation? And are there dangers that programs for the elderly will undermine economic growth? These issues are also being confronted in the West where population aging is more advanced. But the process of population aging is occurring much more rapidly in Asia than it did in Western countries, and it will occur in some Asian countries at a much earlier stage of economic development.</p> Wisut Jaijagcome/ East-West Center Wisut Jaijagcome/ East-West Center
9 Mobile Computing The Future of Mobile Computing "<p>+ Key Takeaways</p>
<p> - Mobile phones are becoming ubiquitous for communicating and for Internet access.</p>
<p> - Connectedness and interactivity are driving adoption of mobile technologies in higher education. </p>
<p> - Mobile computing has the potential to transform learning. </p>
<p> - Widespread innovations are resulting in creative, compelling, education-focused mobile applications. </p>
<p> - Several factors impede implementation of mobile technologies in higher education. </p>
<p> - To address privacy issues, colleges and universities must educate students and implement less</p>
<p> complex security systems. <br /> - Faculty are more likely to embrace mobile technologies that enable them to work smarter. </p>
<p> - Successful mobile computing strategies link with institutional goals and meet constituent needs. </p>
<p> - Despite budget shortages, colleges and universities can advance their mobile computing goals </p>
<p> through collaborative activities. </p>" "<p>Few concepts dominate the conversation in higher education today like mobility. Almost every college student uses a mobile device for both personal and academic reasons. Given this environment, institutions are evaluating how mobile technologies can enhance classroom activities and learning, as well as administrative functions. An enormous array of mobile devices is making its way to college campuses. The fast-changing world of technology and applications makes a case for device-agnostic mobile computing strategies, though the functionality of native apps can be compelling. To promote the most innovative uses of mobile technologies, institutions must address challenges related to security, faculty concerns, IT support, and accessibility. With tight budgets in higher education, collaboration with students and nonprofits can help colleges and universities advance a mobile computing agenda.</p>
<p><br /></p>" EDUCAUSE EDUCAUSE
10 sustainable urbanisation, Caribbean, urban form, development “The Future is Urban” Challenge of Sustainable Urban Development in the Caribbean: The Search for Sustainable Urban Forms "<p>1.0 Introduction </p>
<p>2.0. Sustainable Development and Sustainable Urbanisation </p>
<p>3.0. The Caribbean Urban Experience </p>
<p>4. Conclusion </p>" <p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of urbanisation in the Caribbean and to determine a way forward in achieving sustainable urban development. The Caribbean has had a long urban history, yet urban management has not played a significant role in guiding development. Limited resources make future planning imperative in the region and urban form is being explored as an option. Increasing urban populations coupled with the peculiarities of the Caribbean urbanisation process, leave governments and policy makers grappling with how to manage and guide future urban development in a sustainable manner. Will urban form either through compaction or decentralisation be the way forward?</p> ISOCARP ISOCARP
11 Mobile Phones The Future for Mobile Phones "<p>- Overview</p>
<p>- Mobile Phone Generations</p>
<p>- Speech Encoding </p>
<p>- Current Mobile Phones </p>
<p>- Associated Technologies </p>
<p>- Hands Free Kit (HFK)</p>
<p>- Smart Antennas </p>
<p>- Software Defined Radio </p>
<p>- Conclusion</p>" "<p>The emphasis of the seminar and this presentation will be on the aspects of mobile communications that might impact human health, in this case the transmission characteristics. Though the transmit power from a mobile can be small compared to that of a base station, the distance to the body to a mobile phone is only 10’s of millimeters, whereas, it is rarely possible to get closer than 10’s of meters to a base station. As a result the highest exposures to radio frequency energy comes about from the use of a mobile phone close to the body rather than the larger power more distance base station. For this reason this talk will further restrict its scope to consideration of the characteristics of the mobile phone only. The talk will briefly cover the types of devices and how their modes of usage might impact the amount of absorbed power (SAR). The focus will then move to current mobile phones and their characteristics and how the evolution of mobile phones form 2nd generation through 3rd and forward towards 4th generation will impact the transmitted signals and the characteristics pertinent to research into human health effects. The talk will be rounded off with a discussion of technologies that are not specific to any one mobile telephone standard but are likely to be significant.</p>
<p><br /></p>" Department of Electronics University of York Department of Electronics University of York
12 Cyber War Stuxnet and the Future of Cyber War "<p>- Worms as weapons </p>
<p>- Emerging modes of cyber war </p>
<p>- Emerging norms </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>The discovery in June 2010 that a cyber worm dubbed ‘Stuxnet’ had struck the Iranian nuclear facility at Natanz suggested that, for cyber war, the future is now. Stuxnet has apparently infected over 60,000 computers, more than half of them in Iran; other countries affected include India, Indonesia, China, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Malaysia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Finland and Germany. The virus continues to spread and infect computer systems via the Internet, although its power to do damage is now limited by the availability of effective antidotes, and a built-in expiration date of 24 June 2012. German expert Ralph Lagner describes Stuxnet as a military-grade cyber missile that was used to launch an ‘all-out cyber strike against the Iranian nuclear program’. Symantec Security Response Supervisor Liam O Murchu, whose company reverse-engineered the worm and issued a detailed report on its operation, declared: ‘We’ve definitely never seen anything like this before’. Computer World calls it ‘one of the most sophisticated and unusual pieces of software ever created’.</p>
<p><br /></p>" Survival James P. Farwell and Rafal Rohozinski
13 Internet of Things Sensing the future of the Internet of Things "<p>- Why the Internet of Things matters to consumers and businesses </p>
<p>- Global sensor adoption: Asia leads; North America lags </p>
<p>- Top 10 industries investing in sensors</p>" "<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the everyday physical objects that surround us into an ecosystem of information that will enrich our lives. From refrigerators to parking spaces to houses, the IoT is bringing more and more things into the digital fold every day, which will likely make the IoT a multi-trillion dollar industry in the near future.</p>
<p>While the IoT represents the convergence of advances in miniaturization, wireless connectivity, increased data storage capacity and batteries, the IoT wouldn’t be possible without sensors. Sensors detect and measure changes in position, temperature, light, etc. and they are necessary to turn billions of objects into data-generating “things” that can report on their status, and in some cases, interact with their environment.</p>
<p>Because sensor endpoints fundamentally enable the IoT, sensor investments are an early indicator of the IoT’s progress. And, according to PwC’s 6th Annual Digital IQ survey of nearly 1,500 business and technology executives, the IoT movement is underway.</p>" PWC; PricewaterhouseCoopers PWC; PricewaterhouseCoopers
14 Policy Perspective RFID - A Future Policy Perspective "<p>- 21st century: the Ambient World </p>
<p>- Major developments in the 21 Major developments in the 21st st century century impacting privacy </p>
<p>- Limits to OECD Privacy Principles in 21 in 21st </p>
<p>- Possible new paradigms for privacy in 21st century – discussion needed</p>
<p>- Model for Privacy Protection in the Ambient World</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p> </p>" "<p>Current OECD Privacy Principles (1981)</p>
<p>•Purpose specification </p>
<p>•Collection Limitation </p>
<p>•Use Limitation </p>
<p>•Data Quality </p>
<p>•Data Security and Confidentiality </p>
<p>•Transparency </p>
<p>•Individual’s rights (access, correction, objection) </p>
<p>•Accountability</p>" EU Commission Consultation EU Commission Consultation
15 Artificial Intelligence Reducing Long-Term Catastrophic Risks from Artificial Intelligence "<p>1. WhatWe’re(Not)About </p>
<p>2. Indifference,NotMalice </p>
<p>3. AnIntelligenceExplosionMayBeSudden </p>
<p>4. IsConcernPremature? </p>
<p>5. FriendlyAI </p>
<p>6. Seedingresearchprograms </p>
<p>7. OurAims </p>
<p>8. TheUpsideandDownsideofArtificialIntelligence </p>
<p>9. RecommendedReading </p>" "<p>In1965,I.J.Goodproposedthatmachineswouldonedaybesmartenoughtomake themselves smarter. Having made themselves smarter, they would spot still further opportunitiesforimprovement, quicklyleavinghumanintelligencefarbehind(Good 1965). He called this the “intelligence explosion.” Later authors have called it the “technologicalsingularity”orsimply“theSingularity”(Kurzweil2005;Vinge1993). TheSingularityInstituteaimstoreducetheriskofacatastropheresultingfroman intelligenceexplosion. Wedoresearch,education,andconferences. Inthispaper,we make the case for taking artificial intelligence (AI) risks seriously, and suggest some strategiestoreducethoserisks.</p>
<p><br /></p>" MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE EliezerYudkowsky, AnnaSalamon
16 cyberwar The reality and future of cyberwar "<p>- Cyber-escalation ladder </p>
<p>- The other side of the coin: defensive measures </p>
<p>- Cyberwar as strategic form of war of the future?</p>
<p> </p>" <p>Conflicts in cyberspace are a reality: elements of any political, economic and military conflict now take place in and around the internet. Not surprisingly cyberwar has become a buzzword in the media and in the political debate. The term has come to refer to any phenomenon involving a deliberate disruptive or destructive use of computers. There also is a widespread tendency to hype the issue with rhetorical dramatization and alarmist warnings. True, cyber conflict might seem disconcerting and frightening, but the number one law in the cyberage is: don’t panic. The number two law: be precise in your use of language. A conceptual distinction between different forms of conflict in cyberspace is necessary if we are to assess the risk and its possible consequences, to assign responsibility for addressing the conflict, but also to discuss the possibility and implementation of preventive and reactive countermeasures. Broad and imprecise use of the term cyberwar must be avoided — as should fear-based (over-)reactions. Different forms of cyber conflict can be distinguished by focusing on the extent of damage and a cyberescalation ladder can be built with rungs expressed by ‘severity of effects’. This helps policy-makers to prioritize: only computer attacks whose effects are sufficiently destructive or disruptive are an issue that needs to be addressed at the political level. Attacks that disrupt non-essential services, or that are mainly a costly nuisance, are not. </p> Investigating the Role of the State in Cyberspace Myriam Dunn Cavelty
17 Future Climate Change Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for Early Action "<p>- INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. MARK JACOBSON</p>
<p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. ALBERTO AYALA</p>
<p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. CAROL WHITMAN</p>
<p>- INVITED COMMENTS FROM DR. MARK TREXLER</p>
<p>- COMMENTS BY HERBERT MCKEE AND RESPONSE BY DR. MACCRACKEN</p>
<p>- SAMPLING OF QUESTIONS RAISED DURING THE PANEL MEETING AND THE RESPONSES </p>
<p> OF DR. MACCRACKEN</p>
<p>- CONCLUSIONS</p>" "<p>The 2008 A&WMA Critical Review, which was entitled</p>
<p>“Prospects for Future Climate Change and the Reasons for</p>
<p>Early Action,”1 focused on the vital issue of global climate</p>
<p>change. During the presentation of the review on June 25,</p>
<p>2008, in Portland, OR, Dr. Michael C. MacCracken, chief</p>
<p>scientist for climate change programs at the Climate Institute</p>
<p>in Washington, DC, gave an overview of the basic</p>
<p>science and history of the science behind climate change,</p>
<p>and presented a strong case for why urgent and early</p>
<p>action is needed to reduce ongoing changes in global</p>
<p>climate. He summarized the adverse impacts on human</p>
<p>systems and the environment that are occurring and are</p>
<p>projected for the future, and described the extent of emissions</p>
<p>reductions needed to prevent catastrophic impacts.</p>
<p>After MacCracken’s presentation, a panel of four invited</p>
<p>discussants was asked to contribute additional material</p>
<p>relevant to the review. The discussants were told</p>
<p>that this material could either dispute or reinforce and</p>
<p>augment the original review. The discussion presented</p>
<p>here by each panelist is self-contained, and joint authorship</p>
<p>of this article does not imply that a discussant subscribes</p>
<p>to the opinions expressed by others. In addition, a</p>
<p>discussant’s commentary does not necessarily reflect the</p>
<p>position of his or her respective organization.</p>" CRITICAL REVIEW DISCUSSION CRITICAL REVIEW DISCUSSION
18 Population Ageing Population Ageing: an unavoidable future. "<p>- Why population ageing is inevitable</p>
<p>- What can we do about it?</p>
<p>- The Situation in the United Kingdom</p>
<p>- Conclusion</p>
<p>- References</p>" "<p>The population of the whole world is getting older and the whole world, sooner or later, will</p>
<p>have to manage the consequences. This is happening because birth rates have declined, or are</p>
<p>declining, almost everywhere, and additionally because older people are surviving to enjoy</p>
<p>longer lives. In most richer countries, birth and death rates started to decline in the 19th</p>
<p>century or earlier. In the case of Japan, this transition has been particularly rapid and did not</p>
<p>begin until the 20th century. In the poorer countries of the world, rapid declines in birth and</p>
<p>death rates have only emerged in the last few decades and in a few the process has not begun.</p>
<p>But most demographers believe that eventually the whole world will have few children, but</p>
<p>long lives.</p>" OXPOP: Oxford Centre for Population and Migration Studies OXPOP: Oxford Centre for Population and Migration Studies
19 Future of Biosensors Nanotechnology, Biological Engineering and the Future of Biosensors "<p><br />- Engage</p>
<p>- Explore </p>
<p>- Explain </p>
<p>- Extend </p>
<p>- Evaluate</p>
<p> </p>" <p>Nanotechnologies allow the digital world and the biological world to merge and can therefore detect biological substances. Such “hybrid technology” uses an analytical device to provide a digital signal when encountering specific concentrations of a targeted substance. The biological material can be from human tissues, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, as examples. Since these devices are detecting biological substances, they are known as biosensors. The synthetic side of biosensors uses optical, electrochemical, thermometric, or magnetic systems for sensing the designated biological substance. How prevalent will biosensors become in our lives? Already, “scientists are coming up with biosensors which when implanted in your body could even signal when you're getting sick - almost like the ‘check engine’ light in a car.” </p> Published by Discovery Education Published by Discovery Education
20 Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) "<p>- Introductions </p>
<p>- Internet of Things </p>
<p>- Security Risks and Challenges </p>
<p>- Key Takeaways </p>
<p><br /></p>" "<p>The Internet of Things refers to the network of uniquely identifiable physical objects, accessible through the Internet, and contain embedded technologies that allow them to interact and interconnect with their internal states and/or the external environment. </p>
<p>6 </p>" PwC PwC
21 Cyberwar of the Future How the United States Can Win the Cyberwar of the Future "<p>- Not your grandfather’s deterrence</p>
<p>- Set the norms</p>
<p>- Deter through diversity</p>
<p>- Shake it off</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>There is perhaps no national security problem more 21st century in both its definition and form than cybersecurity. And yet to solve it, the ready solution in nearly</p>
<p>every U.S. national security conversation today is that tried and true 20th-century framework of deterrence.</p>
<p><br /></p>" P.W. SINGER P.W. SINGER
22 internet of things, future scope in India, potential possibilities, threat FUTURE SCOPE AND POSSIBILITIES IN INTERNET OF THINGS INDIA "<p>I. INTRODUCTION </p>
<p>II. IOT RELEVANCE TO INDIA </p>
<p>III. FUTURE OF IOT </p>
<p>IV. THREATS </p>
<p>V. CONCLUSIONS </p>" <p>This work is an attempt to provide an idea about future scope, potential possibilities and issues concerning internet of things and how would it bring change in the lives of the people in the near future in relevance to developing smart cities of India.</p> AESM AESM
23 Proactive Services Future Proactive Services for Everyday Life "<p>1 INTRODUCTION </p>
<p>2 CONCEPT INQUIRY </p>
<p>3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION </p>
<p>4 CONCLUSION</p>
<p> </p>"
Mobile devices, like mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and laptops have become as a common part of people’s everyday life. Humans utilize new information and communication technologies (ICTs) daily in their private and professional lives. Mobile devices and wireless technologies are necessary when there is a need to communicate and perform various tasks in different physical contexts. In everyday life the human is switching between different physical contexts [1]. From a sociological point of view, the user is switching between different social spheres, typically, between private, public and professional spheres [2]. This means that even when the user is staying in the same physical context, the social and psychological situation of the user can change incessantly [1]. Switching between different physical context and social spheres affects the continuity of the user’s activities in mobile circumstances [2]. Performing various tasks in continuously changing context and spheres could be laborious for the user. For instance, if the user has started some tasks in private sphere (home) and can not continue it elsewhere, s/he needs to remember to continue it again when s/he comes back. What if s/he could continue his/her task elsewhere with a different device? What if the system reminds the user about the task or even performs it on the user’s behalf? We created a demonstrative film where we proposed proactive services for relieving human’s everyday life. The system acts like Mark Weiser’s vision [3] of ubiquitous computing where technology is everywhere. This paper presents the study carried out in the ADAMOS project (http://www.msh-alpes.prd.fr/ADAMOS) in France and Finland. The paper describes the proposed services and participants
’ reactions towards them. As a result, we depict a comprehensive view of the future proactive services for everyday life. </p> Current Research in Information Sciences and Technologies Current Research in Information Sciences and Technologies
24 climate change Projections of Future Climate Change "<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Introduction</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Climate and Climate Change</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Projections of Climate Change</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>General Summary</span></p>" "<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>The results presented in this chapter are based on simulations</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>made with global climate models and apply to spacial scales of</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>hundreds of kilometres and larger. Chapter 10 presents results for</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>regional models which operate on smaller spatial scales. Climate</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>change simulations are assessed for the period 1990 to 2100 and</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>are based on a range of scenarios for projected changes in</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>greenhouse gas concentrations and sulphate aerosol loadings</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>(direct effect). A few Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Model (AOGCM) simulations include the effects of ozone and/or</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>indirect effects of aerosols (see Table 9.1 for details). Most</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>integrations1 do not include the less dominant or less well</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>understood forcings such as land-use changes, mineral dust,</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>black carbon, etc. (see Chapter 6). No AOGCM simulations</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>include estimates of future changes in solar forcing or in volcanic</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>aerosol concentrations.</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>There are many more AOGCM projections of future climate</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>available than was the case for the IPCC Second Assessment</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>Report (IPCC, 1996) (hereafter SAR). We concentrate on the</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>IS92a and draft SRES A2 and B2 scenarios. Some indication of</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>uncertainty in the projections can be obtained by comparing the</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>responses among models. The range and ensemble standard</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>deviation are used as a measure of uncertainty in modelled</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>response. The simulations are a combination of a forced climate</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>change component together with internally generated natural</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>variability. A number of modelling groups have produced</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>ensembles of simulations where the projected forcing is the same</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>but where variations in initial conditions result in different</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>evolutions of the natural variability. Averaging these integrations</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>preserves the forced climate change signal while averaging out the</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>natural variability noise, and so gives a better estimate of the</span></p>
<p class="바탕글" style="font-family:바탕;"><span>models’' projected climate change.</span></p>" UNFCCC G.J. Boer, R.J. Stouffer, M. Dix, A. Noda, C.A. Senior, S. Raper, K.S. Yap
25 Security Paradigm The Future of War: How Globalization is Changing the Security Paradigm "<p>- Decline of Interstate Conflict</p>
<p>- Rise of Intrastate Conflict</p>
<p>- Effect on Transnational Terrorism</p>
<p>- Growth of Urbanization</p>
<p>- The Way Ahead</p>
<p>- Conclusion<br /></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>On 11 September 2001, the world experienced a cataclysmic event that has since defined U.S. national security policy. While the United States shifted its focus to the increasing threat of transnational terrorism, globalization continued to wield its influence. At the most basic level, globalization is the integration of trade, ideas, services, information, technologies, </p>
<p>and communications. A gradual movement toward globalization has existed since the birth of civilizations, but in the past few decades the phenomenon exponentially progressed with advances in communication and transportation technologies. The range of modern globalization’s effects is quite significant. At the local level, globalization allows citizens to drink relatively inexpensive coffee from 2nd Place, 2015 DePuy Contest Winner(Illustration by Michael Hogg, Army Press)</p>
<p>Ethiopia at Starbucks. At the strategic level, globalization is responsible for rapid growth in emerging economies such as China and India. While the effects of globalization are widely contested and not fully understood, what is becoming clear is that globalization is a force that is significantly changing how the world works. Predicting the future of war is a fool’s errand, but an examination of global trends provides insightful clues to the security environment that will shape how the United States conducts war in the future. As a result of globalization, the security environment the United States now faces is shifting away from interstate conflict. Therefore, its military strategy must reflect this change by enhancing its capacity to project power in a future dominated by intrastate conflict, transnational terrorism, and urbanization. The following sections will address these global trends and provide recommendations for how we can face the challenges that stem from them despite the fiscal realities at home. </p>" MILITARY REVIEW Capt. Johnny Sokolosky Jr., U.S. Army
26 Manufacturing The Future of Manufacturing "<p>- Introduction</p>
<p>- Uncertain times </p>
<p>- A competitive edge</p>
<p>- Competition rising</p>
<p>- Better STEM education </p>
<p>- Conclusion</p>" "<p>As 2011 rolled in, manufacturing in the US appeared to be gathering momentum, propelled by continuing fiscal and monetary stimulus, as well as improving exports. Industrial production posted its biggest rise in five months in December 2010, putting it 11% above its recession low in June 2009, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). But the specter of uncertainty has shaken the fragile foundations of recovery: in August the EIU revised down its US growth forecast for 2011 to 1.7%, from 2.4%, as data revealed a much sharper slowdown in the first half of the year than previously thought. Durable goods orders also fell in the second quarter of 2011. With darkening clouds overhead, in August 2011 the EIU conducted a survey of 360 senior executives from manufacturing firms across a range of industries. The results reveal a mixed picture. While 41% of respondents see US-based manufacturing as modestly declining – and a further 14% say it is strongly declining – 23% see the industry as stable and 22% say it is improving. Rising labour costs in emerging markets and the US’s innovative heritage offer reason for guarded optimism in the future of the US as a manufacturing destination. “Investment in technology and innovation will create jobs and drive output for the future,” says Mike Vander Wel, manufacturing technology domain leader for Boeing, the aerospace giant headquartered in Chicago. This commitment to innovation is likewise reflected in survey respondents’ focus on ongoing investment in people, and new processes and new products that take advantage of advanced skills and technology.</p>
<p><br /></p>" Economist Intelligence Unit Economist Intelligence Unit
27 Computer Future Computing and Cutting-Edge National Security "<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- History in the Making</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- Computers Rising: Data Mining and Cognitive Computing </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- Potential National Security Applications</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- What Congress Should Do </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">- The Way Forward </span></p>" <p>Data mining and cognitive computers are two emerging aspects of future computing that show promise for a large number of national security applications, from detecting terrorists to making battlefield decisions. New computational capabilities are already foreshadowing the next turn of the information revolution: an unprecedented capacity to sift through everincreasing amounts of data on the Web and on the battlefield to detect patterns and identify which bits of information are essential to human decision-makers. Future computing capabilities could give the United States an enormous advantage in many areas. In addition, these capabilities can be employed in manner that both respects civil liberties and enhances the protection of individual privacy. Congress clearly has a role in advancing the use of data mining and other future computing technologies and ensuring that they are employed in an appropriate manner. Congress should establish federal guidelines for the use of data-mining technologies that promote their use for national security purposes while safeguarding the liberties of American citizens. Congress should also monitor government efforts to support research into cognitive computing, encouraging research and development into what could become a significant competitive advantage for the United States in the race for hypercomputing power in the 21st century. </p> Backgrounder James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel
28 Robotics; Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS); Laparoscopic Technologies; Robotic Surgical Systems; Endoluminal Robots Evolutions and Future Directions of Surgical Robotics: A Review "<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. Introduction</span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. Robotic Systems with Medical Aims </span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3. History of Surgery Evolution </span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4. Minimally Invasive Surgical Systems </span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5. Conclusion and Future Trends </span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">6. Key Points </span></p>" <p>Although the robotics firstly appeared as an entertainment form, its capabilities have continuously advanced from the world’s first industrial robot to the surgical robotic systems which are today capable of performing many surgical maneuvers unaided. However, these surgical robots are not autonomous systems; they are designed to complete a surgeon’s abilities and converting surgeon’s movements into incredibly steady and accurate robotic movements that finally manipulate surgical instruments to assist delicate operations. This novel type of surgery is carried out in the form of minimally invasive surgical procedure and has offered valuable alternatives to enhance traditional open surgery approach. Although the surgical robotic systems began as external robots, technological progresses are directing the surgical robotic systems to endoluminal robots which consist of doing surgical maneuvers by navigating of robot through lumens of human body. Here, we will briefly review different applications of robotic systems in various fields of medicine. Then, we will discuss minimally invasive surgical systems and their role in progressing of minimally invasive surgery as a modern surgery method. By thoroughly investigating a considerable amount of published materials about the minimally invasive surgical technologies, we will study the recent research activities and commercially available samples of surgical robotic systems. </p> Scientific Research Siamak Najarian, Elnaz Afshari
29 education technology Envisioning the future of education technology "<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Classroom : The prevailing paradigm of a single teacher addressing dozens of students unidirectionally in a physical setting.</span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Studio : peer to peer leaning environments where groups coalesce to discuss, learn and solve problems with each other and the teacher serves as a facilitator.</span></p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </p>
<p class="0" style="word-break: keep-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Virtual : Disembodied environments, where leaning discussion and assessment happen regardless of physicality or geography.</span></p>" "<p>Education lies at a peculiar crossroad in society. On one hand it has the responsibility of anticipating real-life skills by preparing us for an increasingly complex world – but education methodologies can only be formalized after practices have been defined. This dichotomy is particularly aggravated when it comes to technology, where fast-paced innovation and perpetual change is the only constant.</p>
<p>This visualization attempts to organize a series of emerging technologies that are likely to influence education in the upcoming decades. Despite its inherently speculative nature, the driving trends behind the technologies can already be observed, meaning it's a matter of time before these scenarios start panning out in learning environments around the world.</p>
<p><br /></p>" envisioningteh.com tferesearch.com
30 Future Trends, legal services Future Trends for Legal Services: Global research study "<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-The legal services market is growing</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Traditional law firms under scrutiny</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Challenges include global compliance & doing more with less</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Use of technology is increasing</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Need for a new type of legal service provider</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">-Businesses are shifting purchasing patterns</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p>" "<p>Purchasers’ expectations of legal services providers are evolving Expectations are not currently being met in a number of crucial areas. 1. Integrated, cross-border advice beyond legal. Law firms are seen to be trailing other professional services firms in their ability to offer integrated multidisciplinary services. 2. Use of technology. Participants are looking for better, more relevant technologies, to be used and shared on integrated platforms. 3. Regulatory and global compliance advice. Nearly half (49%) of all participants said that their department’s legal spend was growing in the area of regulatory compliance. Global compliance is perceived as a major issue for in-house lawyers. 4. Fixed fees, value pricing and greater transparency. Participants most frequently mentioned fixed or capped fees (30% of all responses), while over a quarter of responses (27%) referred to some form of value-based pricing.</p>
<p>Demand for alternative or nontraditional legal service providers is increasing A majority of participants have or will significantly review their legal suppliers. More than half are willing to purchase legal services from a non-traditional law firm that offers a range of professional services.</p>
<p>Future Trends for Legal Services is an independent research study commissioned by Deloitte Legal. Findings are based on 243 quantitative survey responses, and 30 qualitative, in-depth interviews with in-house legal services purchasers, mainly occupying positions of CEOs, CFOs or General/Legal Counsel. </p>
<p>The market is moving and growing Major purchasers of legal services are changing their approach to buying services across the globe. Overall, demand for legal services is growing. Every participant said that their legal spend was increasing in at least one area.</p>
<p>Purchasing patterns are changing The majority of participants had recently taken or were considering a significant review of their legal suppliers. Many more were involved in an informal or on-going process of review. </p>" Deloitte Deloitte
31 Industry The Uncertain Future of the Telecommunications Industry "<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">POLICY ISSUES </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Subsidies</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Telecommunications mergers</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">UNE pricing and interconnection</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Interconnection charges</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"></span><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Universal service fees: </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CONCLUSION</span></p>" <p>The U.S. telecommunications industry is riding a roller coaster. For most of the 1990s, the industry’s future looked promising. The growth of Internet use, the promise of a broadband network, and a less restrictive regulatory environment that was expected following passage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act led industry experts to forecast rapidly growing demand for core network services along with high-margin business opportunities in an expanding array of new information services. The industry backed these expectations with massive investments to expand the capacity of both wireless and wire line networks as well as to facilitate the expected boom in high-speed data transmission. But in the years following enactment of the law and the investment boom, demand for both standard telephone and broadband services, while strong, did not explode as the industry had anticipated. As capacity expanded more rapidly than demand and competition began to take hold, prices fell. Not surprisingly, a few major and many minor players fell into bankruptcy. The growing gap between expectations and reality in industry performance has given rise to new calls to rethink national communications policy. In this brief, we address several issues that are now or should be front and center in the debates over future policy. </p> The Brookings Institution ROBERT E. LITAN AND ROGER G. NOLL
32 biomedical engineering, biomedical electronics, health care, clinical engineering, medical physics, International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), BME education Biomedical Engineering–Past,Present,Future "<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"> </p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2 FROMTHEEARLYDAYSTOTHEPRESENT </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3 AGLIMPSEINTOTHEFUTUREOFBME </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4 50THANNIVERSARYOFTHEIFMBE </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5 BIOMEDICALENGINEERINGINCROATIA </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">6 BMERESEARCHINCROATIA</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">7 BMEEDUCATIONINCROATIA </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">8 CONCLUSION </span></p>" "<p>Medicine and health care have changed dramatically in the past few decades and they depend on high technology for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and for patient rehabilitation. Modern biomedical research and health care are provided by multidisciplinary teams in which biomedical engineers contribute to the advancement of knowledge equally as medical professions. Biomedical engineering represents one (out of two) the most rapidly growing branches of industry in the developed world [1] (the other are sustainable and renewable energy sources). The new knowledge gained by basic biomedical engineering research (at gene, molecular, cellular, organ andsystemlevel)hashighimpactonthegrowthofnewmedicalproductsandboostsindustries,includingsmalland medium size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are expected to bring to the market new products and services for health care delivery [2]. Health is the major theme of the specific Programme on Cooperation under the European Seventh Framework Programme, with a total budget of e6.1 billion over the duration of FP7. The objective of health research under FP7 is to improve the health of European citizens and stir up the competitiveness of health-related industries and businesses, while addressing global health issues, life improving and develop life saving technologies. Hospitals and other medical institutions have a commitment to take care of all kinds of high technology devices including the hospital information systems, networks and their safety and security. Growing technological participation in health services enforces the support of technologically specialized personnel, trained clinical engineers. Worldwide, the educational system has adopted the curricula of biomedical engineering and of clinical engineering. Professional organizations are building certification system for biomedical and clinical engineers and the continuous education (life long learning) structures. The development of biomedical engineering and its affirmation has mainly appeared in the last 50 years, first as a result of development in electronic industry while later it started developing at its own pace. In the first part of this paper, we address the development of biomedical engineering in that period and present our views on the development of biomedical engineering in the future. The secondpartisdevotedtotheInternationalFederationforMedicalandBiologicalEngineering(IFMBE),thelargest organization of biomedical engineers in the world which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2009. In the third part, werecallourmemoriestothefounderofbiomedicalengineeringinCroatia,prof. AnteŠanti´candhisachievements inbiomedicalengineering,andpresentthestateofartofbiomedicalengineeringresearchandeducationinCroatia.</p>
<div><br /></div>" AUTOMATIKA R. Magjarevi´c, I. Lackovi´ c
33 Robotics, simulation, virtual reality, advanced technologies, biointelligence Advanced Technologies and the Future of Medicine and Surgery "<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CLINICAL PRACTICE</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">EDUCATION AND TRAINING</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">RESEARCH FOR CLINICAL TRIALS</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">MORAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background:#ffffff;mso-pagination:none;text-autospace:none;mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; letter-spacing: 0pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">CONCLUSION</span></p>" "<p>Everything occurs in cycles: revolution, change, adaptation to change, acceptance of the new standard, codifying the new establishment, resistance to further change, revolution and the cycle begins again. In healthcare and surgery, this cycle had been occurring about every 100 years, but recently there has been a perceptible acceleration of this cycle. The first revolution for surgery came during the Industrial Age in the mid 1800's with the simultaneous introduction of anesthesia, asepsis, pathology, new instrumentation, and so on. Nearly a hundred years later, in the mid 20th Century as the Information Age was about to begin, surgery was advancing with antibiotics, intravenous fluid and hyperalimentation, radical surgery resections and chemotherapy to name but a few. By the 1990s, laparoscopic (or minimally invasive) surgery emerged and became the standard for many procedures. Information Age technologies, such as video cameras and monitors,</p>
<p>continued the evolution. But technology is accelerating faster than ever, and we are on the threshold of yet another revolution. This is referred to as the BioIntelligence Age,1 an age of multidisciplinary medicine, which can achieve much more than a single researcher or clinician. The complexities of nature are yielding to inter-disciplinary teams performing multi-disciplinary researchgenomics as a combination of biology and information sciences or robotics as a combination for physical (engineering) and information sciences. Much as previous revolutions, this current transformation is occurring because many different technologies are converging to fundamentally change surgery. There is a veritable explosion of new discoveries, such as genomics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), robotics, intelligent systems, molecular biology, etc. The entire healthcare environment and culture are changing at an unprecedented rate of innovation that challenges the practicing physician every day. The change is occurring because of "disruptive technologies", which seemingly completely reverse the fundamental approaches overnight that have been standard for decades. In addition to technology, the surgical environment includes clinical practice, reimbursement, regulatory, education and training, certification, research and clinical trials. Since it is not possible to do justice to all those competing forces, the focus shall be upon the impact of technology, while fully admitting that at any one time, any of the factors plays a dominant role in the life of a physician.</p>" Yonsei Med J Richard M. Satava
34 Access Network Discovery and Selection, Wireless Broadband Networks, 3GPP Evolved Packet Core, heterogeneous wireless access Access Network Discovery and Selection in the Future Broadband Wireless Environment "<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">1 Introduction</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">2 Access Network Discovery and Selection in 3GPP </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">3 Beyond 3GPP ANDSF </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">4 Open EPC ANDSF Realizations </span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">5 Summary and Conclusions </span></p>" "<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); -ms-text-autospace:; mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: 함초롬바탕; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;">The Future Broadband Wireless environment is characterized by the co-existence of a multitude of wireless networks e.g. LTE, UMTS, WiMAX, WiFi etc. In order to be able to offer the best connectivity, according to the requirements of the user and to the preferences of the operator, a novel functionality was introduced in the network and in the mobile devices for access network discovery and selection. This paper introduces this functionality as standardized in the 3GPP Evolved Packet Core (EPC), highlighting its main concepts and technical scenarios. Further a set of novel optimizations are evaluated, followed by the description of the Fraunhofer FOKUS OpenEPC implementation. </span></p>
<p> </p>" Institute for Computer Sciences Marius Corici
35 future of Africa 9 mega-trends shaping the future of Africa "<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Demographics</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rise of the individual</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Enabling technology</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic interconnectedness</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Public debt</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Economic power shifts</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate change</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Resources stress</span></p>
<p class="0" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 함초롬바탕; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Urbanization</span></p>
<p> </p>" <p>In August 1963 Martin Luther King Jr delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech during the March on Washington. And when King said, “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal”, it was a turning point in American history.</p> World Economic Forum Seyi Bickersteth, Chairman, KPMG Africa
36 energy 3 trends transforming the energy sector "<p>1. The transition towards more renewable energy and diversified supplies is creating opportunities and challenges for the security of the global energy infrastructure.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. Digital disruption is creating new opportunities – but also threats.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>3. The rebalancing of energy supply and demand is leading to a new global energy security order.</p>" <p>You don’t have to be working in the energy sector to have noticed there are some big changes under way. Over the past year, global conditions have continued to challenge the sector.<br />The year has seen significant changes in energy prices and production – oil and gas producers are cutting costs and are estimated to have deferred close to $400 billion in capital expenditure. We’ve also witnessed an economic slowdown in emerging economies, along with geopolitical change and instability, which effectively reshuffled energy supply and demand.</p> World Economic Forum Roberto Bocca
37 financial market Eurosystem's vision for the future of Europe’s financial market infrastructure RTGS services ̶ consultative report "<p>1 Technological opportunities 4</p>
<p>2 Functional opportunities 7</p>
<p>3 Business opportunities 10</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>The Eurosystem’s vision (1) analyses the benefits of</p>
<p>further integrating and harmonising cash and securities services, (2) assesses the</p>
<p>future need for the current services that the Eurosystem provides, (3) identifies</p>
<p>potential new services which could support the financial markets in Europe, and (4)</p>
<p>elaborates upon the modernisation of the market infrastructure. This vision has to be</p>
<p>placed in the context of the capital markets union, which the European Commission</p>
<p>is pursuing in parallel.</p>" European Central Bank (ECB) European Central Bank (ECB)
38 Healthcare System Building the Healthcare System of the Future "<p>Introduction</p>
<p>Healthcare in Technology</p>
<p>Trends and Opportunities in Healthcare in Technology</p>
<p>Building the Healthcare System for Your Future</p>
<p>Delivery Models</p>
<p>Oracle Solutions</p>
<p>Conclusion</p>" <p>The future of healthcare in the United States is changing rapidly. Health insurers are learning to adapt to a myriad of factors, not the least of which are the Affordable Care Act and as well as new and evolving payment methods.</p> ORACLE ORACLE
39 green, economy GREENING THE GLOBAL ECONOMY THE SKILLS CHALLENGE "<p>Why is skills development important to greening the economy?</p>
<p>What are the key skills challenges as economies go green?</p>
<p>How have countries responded effectively to these challenges?</p>" "<p>This policy brief draws the attention of policy-makers</p>
<p>and social partners in both developed and developing</p>
<p>countries to the role of skills development in facilitating</p>
<p>the transition to a greener economy and seizing the</p>
<p>employment opportunities that the transition entails.</p>" ILO ILO
40 eCommerce eCommerce Industry Outlook 2015 "<p>#1 Mobile share will grow to 40% of eCommerce transactions globally</p>
<p>#2 In 2015, cross-device marketing will be real and drive significant value</p>
<p>#3 Programmatic buying will drive rapid growth in native advertising</p>
<p>#4 Brick-and-mortar retailers will focus even more on online strategies</p>
<p>#5 Mobile apps focus will shift to re-engagement</p>
<p>#6 Automated ad formats will offer even greater flexibility</p>
<p>#7 Acquisitions and consolidations will continue to intensify in the ad-tech industry</p>
<p>Conclusions and recommendations</p>" "<p>The global eCommerce industry saw impressive growth in 2014 with</p>
<p>goods and services worth $1.5 trillion bought by shoppers via desktops,</p>
<p>tablets and smartphones. Advertisers are now spending an increasing</p>
<p>proportion of their marketing budgets on Internet advertising. This ad</p>
<p>spend is forecast to surpass $160 billion in 2015, of which more than</p>
<p>$58 billion will be spent on Display advertising.</p>" Criteo Eric Eichmann
41 Nanotechnology, Food industry CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY "<p>INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>NANO - FOOD MARKET</p>
<p>APPLICATION IN FOOD PACKAGING</p>
<p>APPLICATIONS IN FOOD PROCESSING</p>
<p>REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE SAFETY OF NANOPRODUCTS</p>
<p>CONCLUSION</p>" <p>Food technology is regarded as one of the industry sectors in which nanotechnology will play an important role in the future. The usage of nanotechnology in agriculture and food systems will lead to great advancements in the food industry. </p> International Symposium On Innovative Technologies In Engineering And Science Seval Sevgi KiRDAR
42 Healthcare, Ecosystem Healthcare Challenges and Trends The Patient at the Heart of Care "<p>GLOBAL CHALLENGES</p>
<p>GLOBAL HEALTHCARE TRENDS</p>" <p>Quality healthcare is one of the most important factors in how individuals perceive their quality of life. In most countries, alongside the economy, it is the major political issue. In some countries, the healthcare delivery organization is a part of the national identity. CGI believes it is time for a new enlightenment in every aspect of the healthcare ecosystem, where every player, from governments to enterprises to individuals, is involved in improving healthcare. This is part of a series of white papers on key aspects affecting the move toward an Enlightened Healthcare Ecosystem. </p> CGI GROUP CGI GROUP
43 Servitization, Technologies THE FUTURE OF SERVITIZATION: Technologies that will make a difference "<p>Acknowledgements....................................... 2</p>
<p>Executive summary....................................... 4</p>
<p>Introduction................................................... 5</p>
<p>Servitization – what we know already......... 6</p>
<p>What we discovered: key servitization technologies – now and in the future.................................... 8</p>
<p>The technology drivers...............................13</p>
<p>Conclusion....................................................15</p>" <p>This executive briefing provides an invaluable guide to the technologies that are likely to play a pivotal role in the future of servitization. In doing so it offers integrated product–service providers some insights into how they can maintain or gain competitive advantage in their markets.</p> Cambridge Service Alliance Veit Dinges 외 다수
44 the fourth industrial revolution, jobs The Future of Jobs Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution "<p>DRIVERS OF CHANGE</p>
<p>EMPLOYMENT TRENDS</p>
<p>SKILLS STABILITY</p>
<p>FUTURE WORKFORCE STRATEGY</p>
<p>RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION<br /></p>" "<p>Disruptive changes to business models will have a profound impact on the employment landscape over the coming years. Many of the major drivers of transformation currently affecting global industries are expected to have a significant impact on jobs, ranging from significant job creation to job displacement, and from heightened labour productivity to widening skills gaps. In many industries and countries, the most in-demand occupations or specialties did not exist 10 or even five years ago, and the pace of change is set</p>
<p>to accelerate.</p>" World Economic Forum World Economic Forum
45 Job Opportunities, Labor Market The Polarization of Job Opportunities in the U.S. Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings US "<p>Employment growth is “polarizing” into relatively high-skill, high-wage jobs and low-skill, low-wage jobs</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Key contributors to job polarization are the automation of routine work and the international integration of labor markets</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The earnings of college-educated workers relative to high school-educated workers have risen steadily for almost three decades</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Rising relative earnings of college graduates are due both to rising real earnings for college workers and falling real earnings for noncollege workers—particularly noncollege males</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Gains in educational attainment have not generally kept pace with rising educational returns, particularly for males</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Conclusion</p>" "<p>Between December 2007, when the U.S. housing</p>
<p>and financial crises became the subject of daily</p>
<p>news headlines, and July 2011, the civilian unemployment</p>
<p>rate nearly doubled, to 9.1 percent</p>
<p>from 5.0 percent, while the employment-to-population</p>
<p>ratio dropped to 58.1 percent from 62.7 percent—the</p>
<p>lowest level seen in more than 25 years.</p>" Community Investments David Autor
46 Transformation, Newspapers,Technology Era Transformation of Newspapers in the Technology Era "<p>Abstract</p>
<p>I. Introduction</p>
<p>II. Literature Review</p>
<p>III. Methods</p>
<p>IV. Findings and Analyses</p>
<p>V. Conclusion</p>" "<p>This study attempted to investigate how newspapers were adapting to technology and how well the</p>
<p>changes were keeping up with altering consumer demands. This research examined what prominent technology newspapers were using to deliver news and whether adjusting to current technology was keeping</p>
<p>readers satisfied.</p>" The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications C. Elizabeth Everett
47 Production Technology, Movie Content Production Technology and Trends in Movie Content: An Empirical Study "<p>I. Introduction</p>
<p>II. Background and theory</p>
<p>VII. Summary and Conclusions</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>Our analysis of trends in content of the Top 20 U.S. box office movies over the 1967-2008</p>
<p>period confirms that certain film type (or “genre”) labels such as “action,” “animation” and ‘scifi”</p>
<p>have become more prevalent, while others such “drama,” “romance” and “musical” have</p>
<p>declined.</p>" Dept. of Telecommunications Indiana University Sung Wook Ji, David Waterman
48 Technology, Film and Entertainment Industry Shifting Technology Paradigm for the Film and Entertainment Industry: Interface Modalities "<p>ABSTRACT</p>
<p>INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>LITERATURE REVIEW</p>
<p>THE MODEL</p>
<p>FINDINGS AND RESULTS</p>
<p>CONCLUSIONS</p>" "<p>As technology evolves, so does the use of technology in the film and entertainment</p>
<p>industry. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the use of different technology</p>
<p>modalities and how they interface with the various stakeholders in the film and entertainment</p>
<p>industry. Since this is a dynamic environment, the models will reflect the most up-to-date</p>
<p>information about technology in the industry and show how the shifting technology paradigm is</p>
<p>affecting the industry, both currently and predictively in the future.</p>" AABRI Conference Diane Fulton 외 다수
49 high-performance computing, engineering calculations Trends in high-performance computing for engineering calculations "<p>1. Introduction</p>
<p>2. Current hardware</p>
<p>3. Future developments</p>
<p>4. Software</p>
<p>5. Software research</p>
<p>6. Advice for computational fluid dynamics users</p>
<p>7. Advice for computational fluid dynamics developers</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>High-performance computing has evolved remarkably over the past 20 years, and that progress is</p>
<p>likely to continue. However, in recent years, this progress has been achieved through greatly increased</p>
<p>hardware complexity with the rise of multicore and manycore processors, and this is affecting the</p>
<p>ability of application developers to achieve the full potential of these systems.</p>" the Royal Society M. B. Giles, I. Reguly
50 high-technology DECLINING BUSINESS DYNAMISM IN THE U.S. HIGH-TECHNOLOGY SECTOR US "<p>ABSTRACT</p>
<p>INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>JOB CREATION AND DESTRUCTION</p>
<p>ENTREPRENEURSHIP RATES</p>
<p>CONCLUSION</p>" "<p>The U.S. economy is very dynamic—with firms entering, exiting, expanding, or</p>
<p>contracting at all times. More competitive firms grow and replace less-competitive ones.</p>
<p>This dynamic process is an important source of productivity growth and sustained</p>
<p>economic prosperity in modern economies. New and young firms play an outsized role</p>
<p>in this productivity-enhancing dynamic process, and in net job creation.</p>" Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation John Haltiwanger, Ian Hathaway, Javier Miranda
51 brexit, impact, technology Impact of Brexit on technology and innovation UK "<p>Data privacy</p>
<p>Sale of Goods and Services</p>
<p>Outsourcing</p>
<p>Intellectual Property Rights</p>
<p>Telecoms and Media</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>" <p>Impact of Brexit on technology and innovation</p> Norton Rose Fulbright Mike Rebeiro
52 brexit, impact, tech THE IMPACT OF BREXIT ON THE TECH SECTOR UK "<p>1. IMMEDIATE IMPACT</p>
<p>Data and privacy</p>
<p>Fintech</p>
<p>Telecoms</p>
<p>Talent and skills</p>
<p>Digital Single Market</p>
<p>2. ECONOMIC FALL-OUT</p>
<p>3. CHANGING MOOD</p>" "<p>Britain’s EU referendum and decision to vote Leave has</p>
<p>had a profound effect on the country’s political and</p>
<p>economic landscape. Britain’s tech sector – proportionally</p>
<p>the largest of any country in the G20 – obviously won’t</p>
<p>escape the impact of such a momentous change.</p>" Harvard Public Relations Pete Marcus
53 Technology, Postal Organizations Accenture Technology Vision for Postal Organizations: Five trends shaping the future "<p>INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>TREND 1 Internet of Me: Personalized delivery services</p>
<p>TREND 2 Outcome Economy: Linking physical and digital to drive outcomes</p>
<p>TREND 3 The Platform (R)evolution: Platform-based value added services</p>
<p>TREND 4 Intelligent Enterprise: Huge data, smarter software— better outcomes</p>
<p>TREND 5 Workforce Reimagined: Collaboration at the intersection of humans and machines</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>" "<p>To diversify beyond their core services, postal and parcel organizations are building new networks and increasing collaboration with their partners. As these connections grow, an “ecosystem” is emerging that</p>
<p>encompasses consumers, retailers and financial institutions, online payment providers and mobile phone companies.</p>" Accenture Brody Buhler
54 Communications, media, technology Communications, media and technology: the search for growth "<p>1 Introduction 04</p>
<p>2 Executive summary 06</p>
<p>3 About this report 08</p>
<p>4 Growth 10</p>
<p>5 New markets 22</p>
<p>6 M&A 34</p>
<p>7 Contacts 56</p>" "<p>The report shows</p>
<p>• that growth prospects in the technology, media and telecoms sectors are good and that, increasingly, much of this growth will come from China, South East Asia and India</p>
<p>• that companies in these sectors are “risk tolerant” – they will enter new markets if the opportunities outweigh the risks</p>
<p>• there is likely to be an increase in M&A activity in the technology, media and telecoms sectors.</p>" Norton Rose Group Norton Rose Group
55 inequality, middle income LONG TERM TRENDS IN THE WORLD OF WORK: EFFECTS ON INEQUALITIES AND MIDDLE-INCOME GROUPS "<p>Main results: the growth and erosion of the middle class </p>
<p>The link between polarization and the middle class </p>
<p>Policies and institutions can make a difference</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>International debate has recently focused on increased inequalities and on the adverse effects they </p>
<p>may have on both social and economic developments (for example, as demonstrated by both OECD </p>
<p>and IMF reports over the course of 2015). At the same time income inequality is at its highest level </p>
<p>for the past half century. </p>" ILO ILO
56 Household Income, Middle Class The Distribution of Household Income and the Middle Class US "<p>Summary</p>
<p>The Distribution of Household Income ........................................................................................... 1</p>
<p>The Middle Class ............................................................................................................................. 4</p>
<p>Absolute Income ........................................................................................................................ 4</p>
<p>Relative Income ......................................................................................................................... 6</p>" "<p>Although not itself a subject of legislation, the shape of the income distribution enters Congress’s</p>
<p>decision-making process concerning such policy issues as taxes, means-tested benefits, and social</p>
<p>insurance programs. Congress also considers legislation specifically in the name of those in the</p>
<p>middle class, which is variously defined as some income level or income range within the</p>
<p>distribution of U.S. households with income. </p>" Congressional Research Service Craig K. Elwell
57 Economic Mobility U.S. Economic Mobility: The Dream and the Data US "<p>Definitions, data, and measurement</p>
<p>Education or birthright?</p>
<p>Conclusion</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>Economic mobility is a core principle of the American narrative and the basis for the American</p>
<p>Dream. However, research suggests that the United States may not be as mobile as Americans</p>
<p>believe. The United States has high absolute mobility in the sense that children readily become</p>
<p>richer than their parents. But the nation appears to fall short on relative mobility, which is the</p>
<p>ability of children to change their rank in the income distribution relative to their parents.</p>" FRBSF Economic Letter LEILA BENGALI, MARY DALY
58 Economic Mobility, intergenerational mobility Economic Mobility US "<p>Time Trends</p>
<p>Variation within the United States</p>
<p>Correlates of Spatial Variation</p>" "<p>There is less intergenerational mobility in the United States than is sometimes appreciated by the public,</p>
<p>but intergenerational mobility is not declining. When poor children born in 1971 and 1986 are compared, one finds a slight increase (from 8.4 to 9.0 percent) in the chances of reaching the top fifth of the income distribution by age 28.</p>" The Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality Raj Chetty 외 다수
59 inequality, social mobility, Intergenerational mobility More inequality, less social mobility "<p>I. Introduction</p>
<p>II. Estimating Intergenerational Mobility</p>
<p>III. Inequality and Social Mobility</p>
<p>IV. Conclusion</p>
<p>Acknowledgements</p>" "<p>A common view among citizens of large industrialized countries is that economic inequality is fair,</p>
<p>provided there are equal opportunities.1 At the same time, there tends to be a belief that equal opportunity</p>
<p>norms are violated when the degree of intergenerational mobility is low and family background exerts</p>
<p>a strong influence on children’s income in adulthood.</p>" routledge taylor & francis group Dan Andrews, Andrew Leigh
60 brexit, effects, africa Potential implications of Brexit for African Economies "<p>Introduction</p>
<p>Financial markets turmoil and contagion effects</p>
<p>Capital flows</p>
<p>Trade</p>
<p>Slowdown in UK and the EU economies</p>
<p>Development assistance from UK and Europe</p>
<p>Opportunities</p>
<p>Impact on selected countries</p>
<p>Conclusion</p>" <p>In a tense referendum, the British people voted by a narrow margin for the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU) on 23 June. Those in favour of rescinding membership of the EU want to have greater sovereignty and control over their economy, greater control over migration, and to make their own trade agreements.</p> quantum global research lab Seedwell Hove, Jeremy Wakeford
61 brexit, impact Why Brexit? "<p>Summary</p>
<p>Brexit, agriculture and rural areas</p>
<p>Wider Brexit Issues</p>
<p>Conclusions</p>
<p>References</p>" "<p>A lot of ink has been spilt on arguments about whether the UK should leave the European</p>
<p>Union or remain. Academics, policy makers, business managers, farmers, the larger public</p>
<p>and the media seem to be in turmoil over the issue. Since the referendum date has now</p>
<p>been set for 23rd June 2016, the debate is likely to become even more intense.</p>" Centre for Rural Economy newcastle univ. David Harvey, Carmen Hubbard
62 brexit, impact, european capital market THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF BREXIT ON EUROPEAN CAPITAL MARKETS A QUALITATIVE SURVEY OF MARKET PARTICIPANTS "<p>INTRODUCTION</p>
<p>SUMMARY</p>
<p>HOW INTERCONNECTED ARE UK & EU CAPITAL MARKETS?(1~5)<br />THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF CAPITAL MARKETS UNION</p>
<p>WHAT HAPPENS TO CMU IN THE EVENT OF BREXIT?</p>
<p>THE MAIN CRITICISMS OF EU FINANCIAL REGULATION</p>
<p>WHAT COULD BE THE BENEFITS OF BREXIT?</p>
<p>JUNE 24TH - WHAT HAPPENS NEXT IN PRACTICAL TERMS?</p>
<p>WHAT COULD BE THE REGULATORY RESPONSE TO BREXIT?</p>
<p>WHAT WOULD BE THE BEST POST-BREXIT MODEL?</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>On 23rd June the UK will hold a referendum on whether to remain a member</p>
<p>of the European Union or to leave. This report is about the practical</p>
<p>implications of a potential Brexit on capital markets in Europe, and the potential</p>
<p>knock-on effects on investors, issuers and other customers.</p>" New Financial William Wright
63 brexit, global economy The Potential Impacts of Brexit on the Global Economy "<p>SHORT SUMMARY</p>
<p>GLOBAL IMPACT</p>
<p>MACRO TRENDS GROUP BASE CASE GOING FORWARD</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>The markets and the oddsmakers have been caught off guard by the UK’s Brexit</p>
<p>vote. The immediate reaction in the financial markets has been swift and violent</p>
<p>owing to the surprise. Financial markets will likely calm somewhat after a</p>
<p>period of shock and awe, but will find themselves settling into an entirely new</p>
<p>vector of macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty.</p>" Bain & Company Bain & Company
64 brexit, japan Urgent Report: Japan’s Economy after Brexit japan "<p>Summary</p>
<p>UK voters choose to withdraw from the EU (Brexit)</p>
<p>Estimating the effects of Brexit on Japan’s economy</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>A national referendum was held in the UK on June 23rd to determine whether or not the</p>
<p>citizens of that country would prefer to withdraw from the EU. The results of the vote found that</p>
<p>the majority of citizens choose to leave behind membership in the EU (or “Brexit” as it has</p>
<p>come to be known).</p>" daiwa institute of research Keisuke Okamoto
65 robot, customized robots The Robots Are Coming "<p>YOUR OWN PERSONAL ROBOT</p>
<p>AS YOU LIKE IT</p>
<p>DOES NOT COMPUTE</p>
<p>ROBOT’S LITTLE HELPER</p>
<p> </p>" <p>Robots have the potential to greatly improve the quality of our lives at home, at work, and at play. Customized robots working alongside people will create new jobs, improve the quality of existing jobs, and give people more time to focus on what they find interesting, important, and exciting.</p> Council on Foreign Relations, US Daniela Rus
66 the 4th Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means, how to respond "<p>More on the agenda</p>
<p>Challenges and opportunities</p>
<p>The impact on business</p>
<p>The impact on government</p>
<p>The impact on people</p>
<p>Shaping the future</p>
<p> </p>" <p>The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to mechanize production. The Second used electric power to create mass production. The Third used electronics and information technology to automate production. Now a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.</p> World Economic Forum Klaus Schwab
67 the 4th Industrial Revolution, Taking Stock The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Government of the Future: Taking Stock of the Big Picture "<p>A Few Words on the Fourth Industrial Revolution</p>
<p>Government Challenges: The Public Service</p>
<p>Government Challenges: Ethics of the 4th Industrial Revolution</p>
<p>Conclusion</p>
<p> </p>" <p>The fourth industrial revolution is upon us via the imminent rise of artificial intelligence, the robotization of economies and everyday life, the use of 3D printing, the dominance of big data and of the web of things, as well as resulting from major breakthroughs in the field of biogenetics. These developments hold great promise to make life better for everyone and to generate new wealth. However, they also bring along major concerns about transformations in human activity. This research note focuses on government in light of this dawning industrial revolution.</p> Glendon College, York University Ian Roberge
68 manufacturing, the 4th industrial revolution Factories 4.0 Europe A vision for the future of manufacturing in Europe as the result of the 4th industrial revolution "<p>Introduction</p>
<p>What is this Factories 4.0 ….</p>
<p>Industry changes continuously, it is adapting to changing environments ..</p>
<p>Present situation in Europe, facing a change in customer behavior …</p>
<p>Versus the present industry having a balance sheet crisis, and facing a great restructuring</p>
<p>From manufacturer to solution supplier and from part supplier to supplier manufacturer</p>
<p>But not only the business model changes, there is more to change, smaller, smarter, ….</p>
<p>A vision of the Factory of the Future: Factories 4.0</p>
<p>Every European metropole with a fab manufacturing Mercedes, Jaguar, Seat, ..</p>
<p>Your phone assembled with few standard components and printed around the corner ..</p>
<p>Goodbye car plant, hello my personal car plant</p>
<p>From bulk oil base chemical to process intensification and bio-based platform chemicals</p>
<p>Print your energy neutral house or refurbish it with smart energy systems</p>
<p>Existing fabs will not all change, they will get smarter upgrades</p>
<p>And we need a new manufacturing service network: the digital market place</p>
<p>How to achieve Factories 4.0 …</p>
<p>Turning a vision in reality ….</p>
<p>Conclusions</p>" "<p>All our manufactured goods are getting smarter. They have to be more sustainable and</p>
<p>should be recycled by its owner/producer. Users change requirements and use patterns</p>
<p>more often. Products will change into solutions where a piece of hardware is part of a</p>
<p>service. Product companies become solution providers shifting their focus on their</p>
<p>customers and their needs. Their solutions are leased and the cash flow changes from</p>
<p>being paid after selling a manufactured good into continuous payments for lease</p>
<p>contracts.</p>" European Factories of the Future Research Assoc. Prof Dr Ir Egbert-Jan Sol
69 the fourth industrial revolution the weekly letter the fourth industrial revolution "<p>the fourth industrial revolution</p>
<p>markets in review</p>
<p>looking ahead<br /></p>" "<p>At this year’s World Economic Forum annual meeting, the so-called Fourth Industrial<br />Revolution was highlighted as a major theme that will characterize the years ahead. This revolution, according to the</p>
<p>meeting’s attending business and government leaders, will consist of technological developments that will change our lives,</p>
<p>business, markets and the global economy. With this forecast as a backdrop, we remind investors of the importance of longterm</p>
<p>investment plans and of the relevance of A Transforming World themes, particularly in times of market volatility.</p>" Bank of America Corporation Chief Investment Office
70 Industry 4.0, Industrial revolutions A new era "<p>1 Industrial revolutions and respective enabling technologies</p>
<p>2 Technical drivers of Industry 4.0</p>
<p>3 Cyber-physical system</p>
<p>4 Industrial demands on the fourth industrial revolution</p>
<p>5 ABB’s integration topology of Industry 4.0</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>A new era of industrial innovation is upon us. Referred to as the fourth industrial</p>
<p>revolution, the deeper meshing of the digital world with the world of machines</p>
<p>holds the potential to bring about profound transformation to global industry.</p>
<p>This new industrial stage, where the Internet meets production, is a major topic</p>
<p>of discussion at production and process industry conferences and meetings.</p>
<p>The Industry 4.0 initiative is one of several projects working to bring the fourth</p>
<p>industrial revolution to fruition. ABB is collaborating with the Industry 4.0 initiative</p>
<p>group and the respective working groups of related industrial associations 1 to</p>
<p>investigate the impact of this new and highly anticipated industrial stage as well</p>
<p>as the technical feasibility of bringing it to ABB’s customers.</p>" ABB Corporate Research MARTIN W. KRUEGER, RAINER DRATH, HEIKO KOZIOLEK, ZIED M. OUERTANI
71 Digital transformation, customer Digital Transformation In The Age Of The Customer "<p>Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 1</p>
<p>The Customer Experience Is At The Heart Of Digital Transformation ........ 2</p>
<p>Businesses Have A Ways To Go On Their Path To Digital Transformation ................................................................................................... 3</p>
<p>Third-Party Solution Providers Plug The Gaps And Drive Transformation ................................................................................................... 5</p>
<p>Key Recommendations ..................................................................................... 7</p>
<p>Appendix A: Methodology ................................................................................ 8</p>
<p>Appendix B: Supplemental Material ................................................................ 9</p>
<p>Appendix C: Endnotes ..................................................................................... 10</p>" <p>The past five years have marked the beginning of the “Age of the Customer,” in which technology and economic forces have put customers in control of their interactions with businesses. These businesses, hoping to understand and serve customers in a global and digital economy, are almost universally undergoing digital transformation, which involves realigning and investing in new technology and business models with a specific focus on the customer experience.</p> FORRESTER CONSULTING FORRESTER CONSULTING
72 Digital Manufacturing, 4th Industrial Revolution Future of Manufacturing: Digital Manufacturing within the 4th Industrial Revolution "<p>Manufacturing – Performance</p>
<p>Value Drivers: Why do this? Who Benefits ?</p>
<p>Challenges</p>
<p>What’s the UK 2 minute elevator pitch? A Strategy?</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>Modern manufacturing is undergoing a revolution –a 4th industrial revolution- as digitalisation of</p>
<p>industry transforms capability and activity on a global scale.</p>
<p>Connectivity is ubiquitous: Smart products-Smart Factories-Smart Supply Chains</p>
<p>“Data is currency”- providing opportunities for new business models; revenue and markets.</p>" Department for business innovation & skills, UK Clare Marett
73 Digical transformation Leading a Digical transformation "<p>The Digical world</p>
<p>Diagnosing your industry</p>
<p>Responding to Digical innovation</p>
<p>Determining where you want to go—and how fast you need to get there</p>
<p>Looking ahead</p>
<p> </p>" "<p>The truth is that both the digital world and the physical</p>
<p>one are indispensable parts of life and of business. The</p>
<p>real transformation taking place today isn’t the replacement</p>
<p>of the one by the other, it’s the marriage of the two</p>
<p>into combinations that create wholly new sources of</p>
<p>value. This is a phenomenon we at Bain call DigicalSM,</p>
<p>and it is likely to reshape not only the way people live,</p>
<p>but the way companies operate.</p>" Bain & Company Darrell K. Rigby, Suzanne Tager
74 digital technology, leadership Embracing Digital Technology: A New Strategic Imperative "<p>2 / Executive Summary</p>
<p>3 / Introduction</p>
<p>• Brewing Up Change at Starbucks</p>
<p>•About the Research</p>
<p>3 / Digital Immaturity: A Widespread Problem</p>
<p>•The Digital Imperative</p>
<p>•Technology Everywhere</p>
<p>5 / The Benefits of Digital Transformation</p>
<p>6 / The Trouble with Digital Transformation</p>
<p>• Leadership: Defining the Agenda</p>
<p>-Lack of urgency</p>
<p>-The vision thing</p>
<p>-Picking a direction</p>
<p>8 / Institutional Challenges</p>
<p>-Attitudes of older workers</p>
<p>-Legacy technology</p>
<p>-Innovation fatigue</p>
<p>-Politics</p>
<p>Sidebar: Intel Gets Urgent</p>
<p>10 / Executing the Change</p>
<p>• Making a Case for Digital Transformation</p>
<p>•Incentives</p>
<p>12 / Conclusion</p>" "<p>This report (as well as the survey) focuses on digital transformation, which we define as the use of new digital</p>
<p>technologies (social media, mobile, analytics or embedded devices) to enable major business improvements</p>
<p>(such as enhancing customer experience, streamlining operations or creating new business models).</p>" Massachusetts Institute of Technology Michael Fitzgerald, Nina Kruschwitz, Didier Bonnet, Michael Welch
75 digital transformation, european, industry, enterprises Declaration on the digital transformation of European industry and enterprises "<p>Speed is of the essence: accelerating digital transformation to seize business opportunities</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Magnitude matters: mobilising investments to reap the full benefits of a European data-driven economy</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Reskilling the workforce: digital skills for industry</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Accelerate the transition to a circular economy through digital transformation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Empowering mayors, regional leaders and entrepreneurs as digital transformation ambassadors to make cities and regions launch pads for digital transformation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Making open innovation a best practice in corporate governance</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Europe needs a new wave of entrepreneurs</p>" <p>Digital technologies are currently driving the ‘fourth industrial revolution’. Empowered by digital investments, disruptive business models and improved production processes, European companies are generating international market opportunities with new products and services. In today’s globalised world, the transition to a digital economy is essential for Europe’s competitive edge and to deliver much needed economic growth and jobs. To this end, the conference participants urge Europe’s policy makers and industry leaders to take immediate and bold action, notably in the following areas.</p> Conference on the digital transformation of European industry and enterprises Conference on the digital transformation of European industry and enterprises
76 digital, transformation Digital Business Transformation "<p>Where do you stand on the DBT journey?</p>
<p>1: Organizational change led path</p>
<p>2: The technology led path</p>
<p>Digital as a tool to drive strategic organizational renewal</p>" "<p>Digital business transformation (DBT) is about more than devices and software. It is about organizational change through the use of digital technologies to materially improve performance. The explosion in the use of AMPS(Analytical tools and applications, Mobile tools and applications, Platforms to build shareable digital capabilities, and Social media) is changing the dynamics of competition in many industries. More and more companies in traditional sectors acknowledge that they need to do more about DBT, but are unclear on what</p>
<p>steps to take.</p>" IMD(International Institute for Management Development) Donald A. Marchand
77 중점녹색기술 중점녹색기술 기술수준 현황과 시사점 KOREA "<p>차례</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Ⅰ. 연구배경 ············································································ 3</p>
<p>Ⅱ. 조사 대상 및 방법 ····························································· 5</p>
<p>Ⅲ. 27대 중점녹색기술 기술수준 조사 결과 ·························· 6</p>
<p>Ⅳ. 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ···················································· 33</p>" <p>본 연구에서는 ’12년 1단계 종료를 앞두고 있는 ｢중점녹색기술 개발 및 상용화 전략｣ 추진에 따른 연구개발 진척도 및 녹색기술수준 향상 정도에 대한 점검⋅분석이 필요함에 따라 우리나라의 중점녹색기술 기술수준 및 기술격차 등을 종합적으로 조사⋅분석함</p> 한국과학기술기획평가원 홍미영 외 3명
78 미래환경기술, 오염물질관리 미래환경기술의 방향과 과제 KOREA "<p>차례</p>
<p><br /></p>
<p>I. 패러다임 변화와 미래 환경기술의 범위 확장</p>
<p>II. 우리나라의 환경기술 미래 전망</p>
<p>III. 일본의 환경기술 미래 전망</p>
<p>IV. 결론 : 미래 환경기술의 방향 설정을 위한 제언</p>" <p>미래의 환경기술은 이처럼 오염물질 관리와같은 전통적인 환경기술에서 서비스와 정책, 시스템까지 영역을 확장하고 있다.이에 우리나의 미래 환경기술 예측 전략과 주요 선진국의 전략을 살피어 우리가 개발하고자 하는 환경기술의 방향은 어디를 지향하고 있으며 그 기술로써 이루어내고자 하는 목표가 무엇인지를 되짚어보고자 한다. 우리가 전망하려는 것이 기술인지 아니면 그 기술을 통해 이루고자 하는 삶의 모습 인지를 국내외의 환경기술 예측 사례에 비추어 생각해볼 필요가 있다.</p> 한국환경산업기술원 김종환
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