UMPK(러시아어: УМПК; Унифицированный модуль планирования и коррекции, 통합 활공 및 수정 모듈)

고고도에서 장거리 활공이 되는 모듈을 디자인하면 어떤 모양일까?

날개만 길면 될까???

 

UMPK(러시아어: УМПК; Унифицированный модуль планирования и коррекции, 통합 활공 및 수정 모듈)는 소련의 비유도 폭탄을 정밀 유도 활공 폭탄으로 개조하기 위해 러시아 바잘트 설계국에서 개발한 탄약 유도 키트입니다. 이 키트는 미국의 JDAM-ER(Joint Direct Attack Munition Extended Range)과 유사한 공중 폭탄 활공 거리 연장 키트로, 때때로 "러시아판 JDAM"이라는 별칭으로 불리기도 했습니다. UMPK 키트의 유도 시스템과 활공 기능은 일반 공중 폭탄에 더 긴 사거리와 더 높은 정확도의 타격 능력을 제공합니다. 이 키트는 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 동안 러시아 공군에서 널리 사용되었습니다.

역사
소련/러시아 폭탄용 유도 활공 키트는 2002년 NPO 바잘트(Bazalt)에서 처음 제안되었는데, 폭탄의 사거리와 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 장착할 수 있는 저비용 장치였다. 시제품은 판버러 에어쇼에서 처음 공개되었다. 당시 MPK라고 불렸던 이 키트는 가격과 성능이 다양한 네 가지 변형으로 구성되었다. 첫 번째 모듈은 접이식 날개만 포함했고, 두 번째는 간단한 관성 항법 시스템을 추가했으며, 세 번째는 위성 항법 시스템을, 네 번째는 펄스 제트 엔진을 장착했다. 이 프로젝트는 수년간 전시되었지만 생산으로 이어지지는 않았는데, 아마도 러시아 군이 대량의 저렴한 무기가 필요한 장기적인 분쟁을 예상하지 못했고, 러시아 방위산업체들이 더 비싸고 수익성이 높은 유도 폭탄 생산을 선호했기 때문일 것이다.[1]

2023년 1월 초, 러시아 소셜 네트워크 사용자들은 JDAM과 유사한 키트가 장착된 FAB-500 M-62 사진을 공유했다. 키트의 "장인 정신이 깃든" 품질은 시제품이었음을 시사했을 수 있다.[2][3][4]

2023년 3월 말, 우크라이나 공군 대변인 유리 이그나트는 러시아군이 500kg(1,100lb) 탄두를 장착한 날개 달린 개량형 공중 폭탄을 더 자주 사용하기 시작했다고 보고했다. 러시아 항공기는 우크라이나 방공망에 진입하지 않고 수십 킬로미터 거리에서 최전선 지역의 목표물에 이 폭탄을 투하한다.[5]

2023년 4월, Su-34 전투기가 러시아 도시 벨고로드에 폭탄을 오폭했다. 일부 언론은 러시아 군사 블로거인 Fighterbomber의 말을 인용하여 해당 폭탄이 UMPK 개량형이라고 보도했다.[6]

UMPK는 2023년 5월 러시아 국방부에 의해 처음으로 공식적으로 인정되었다.[7][8]

영국 NGO인 Conflict Armament Research가 2023년 11월에 실시한 조사에 따르면, 새로운 UMPK는 SMART 항법 제어기와 Kometa 위성 항법 모듈을 포함한 더욱 복잡한 전자 시스템을 갖추고 있습니다.[9]

UMPB D-30SN
주요 문서: UMPB D-30SN
2024년 3월, 우크라이나에서 이전에 공개된 적 없는 "UMPB" 표시가 있는 러시아제 무기의 잔해 사진이 발견되었습니다. 잔해에 대한 예비 분석 결과, UMPB는 FAB-250 폭탄이 유도 및 활공 키트에 통합된 공중 발사 무기이며, 관성 항법 및 위성 항법 시스템, 보조 날개, 그리고 후방에 액추에이터가 장착되어 있고, 무기 내부에 제트 엔진과 연료 탱크도 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 러시아 군사 블로거인 Fighterbomber는 이 무기를 UMPB D-30SN(러시아어: УМПБ; Универсальный межвидовой планирующий боеприпас, 다목적 중간 활공탄)으로 명명했습니다. 블로거에 따르면 "중간"이라는 명칭은 이 무기가 다양한 종류의 탄약 사이에 위치하며, 토네이도-S 다연장 로켓 시스템과 같은 여러 플랫폼뿐 아니라 항공기에서도 발사할 수 있다는 것을 의미합니다. 그 외의 구체적인 사양은 언급되지 않았습니다.[10]

2024년 5월, UMPB D-30SN 장거리 활공 폭탄의 고화질 이미지가 처음으로 공개되었습니다. 이 사진에는 Su-34 전투기가 UMBP 폭탄 4발을 투하하는 모습이 담겨 있었습니다. 투하 지점의 위치를 ​​통해 UMPB의 공격 사거리가 최대 90km(56마일)에 달할 수 있다는 추정이 가능했는데, 이는 UMPK보다 20~30km(12~19마일) 더 긴 거리입니다.[11]

2024년 10월, 우크라이나 영공에 진입해 통제력을 잃고 러시아에 의해 격추된 S-70 UAV 잔해에서 UMPB 파편이 발견되었습니다. 이는 해당 UAV가 UMPB 폭탄 운반체로 사용되었음을 시사합니다.[12]

우크라이나 프로그램
2024년 6월, 우크라이나 공군은 UMPK 폭탄의 유사 기종 개발 프로그램을 발표했습니다. 우크라이나 공군 사령관 세르히 골루브초프는 라디오 프리 유럽/라디오 리버티와의 인터뷰에서 날개, 지휘 모듈, GPS 시스템 개발이 필요하다고 밝혔습니다. 8월에는 우크라이나 공군이 Su-24M 전투기를 이용해 유사 폭탄을 시험하는 영상을 공개했습니다. 이 무기는 X자 모양의 제어 날개와 로켓 부스터 또는 제트 엔진으로 추정되는 배출구를 갖춘 것으로 보입니다.[13][14]

2025년 6월 25일, 우크라이나 방위산업체 KB Medoid는 사거리 60km의 FAB-500 폭탄용 활공 폭탄 키트를 공개했습니다. 이 키트는 UMPK와 매우 유사하며, 노획한 러시아제 키트를 역설계한 것으로 추정됩니다. 개발자들은 위성 전파 방해를 피하고 사거리를 최대 80km까지 늘리기 위해 프랑스 기술을 통합할 계획입니다.[15]

우크라이나의 대응책
2025년, 전쟁 작가 드미트리 마신스키는 러시아 조종사 파이터봄버가 텔레그램을 통해 유출한 정보에 따르면 우크라이나군이 러시아 UMPK 장착 활공 폭탄의 전파 방해를 시작하여 정확도를 크게 떨어뜨렸고, 이로 인해 러시아는 목표물 명중을 위해 최대 16발의 폭탄을 사용해야 했다고 보도했습니다. 데이비드 액스는 포브스에 이 내용을 보도하면서 전파 방해가 러시아 드론에도 영향을 미쳐 광섬유 통신으로 전환하게 되었다고 덧붙였습니다.[16]

2025년 10월, 우크라이나는 드론, 레이더, 인공지능을 결합한 새로운 요격 시스템을 시험하여 UMPK 장착 활공 폭탄을 격추했습니다.[17] 우크라이나군 총참모부는 2025년 9월과 10월 사이에 100발 이상의 UMPK 활공 폭탄을 파괴했다고 주장했습니다.[18]

설명
UMPK 공중 폭탄 활공 키트는 기존의 비유도 폭탄을 정밀 유도 폭탄으로 전환하여 타격 정확도를 높이도록 설계되었습니다. 용접 구조로 되어 있으며, 두 개의 전개식 날개와 꼬리 조종면을 갖추고 있습니다. UMPK는 자체 비행 조립체로 작동하며, 폭탄은 기수 페어링 유무에 관계없이 장착할 수 있습니다. 최대 공격 범위는 투하 순간 항공기의 고도와 궤적에 따라 달라집니다.[19]

유사한 미국제 JDAM 키트와 달리, UMPK는 폭탄의 꼬리 부분을 교체할 필요가 없으므로 공장이나 전문 작업장이 아닌 현장에서 폭탄에 장착할 수 있습니다.

폭탄이 투하되면, 날개는 화약에 의해 작동되는 스프링식 메커니즘으로 펼쳐집니다. 이 무기는 관성 항법 시스템과 재밍 방지 코메타-M GPS/GLONASS 안테나의 신호를 사용하는 항법 모듈에 의해 목표물로 유도됩니다. 제어 신호는 꼬리 날개를 작동시키는 두 개의 서보 모터로 전달됩니다. 시스템은 두 개의 배터리로 작동됩니다.[1][9]

현재 이 모듈의 공식 제조업체는 밝혀지지 않았습니다. 여러 회사가 생산하고 있으며, 모듈 자체에도 여러 변형이 있을 것으로 추정됩니다.[8]

텔레그램 블로거 Fighterbomber에 따르면, UMPK 키트 한 개당 가격은 200만 루블(2025년 기준 약 24,460달러)로, 유도 무기치고는 비교적 저렴합니다.[20][21] 러시아는 우크라이나 침공 시 비유도 공중 폭탄을 대량 보유하고 있어 UMPK 키트를 장착할 폭탄이 부족할 가능성은 낮습니다.[21] 민간용 전자 부품을 많이 사용하여 저렴하게 대량 생산할 수 있지만, 서방의 동급 제품에 비해 신뢰성이 떨어져 폭탄이 러시아 영토 내에 떨어지는 경우가 발생합니다. 다만, 안전장치 덕분에 폭발 사고는 드뭅니다.[22]

우크라이나 언론은 러시아제 UMPK 키트 장착 폭탄을 흔히 "KAB"라고 부르는데, 이는 정확하지 않습니다. KAB는 유도 폭탄이고, UMPK는 FAB와 같은 비유도 폭탄에 부착하는 키트이기 때문입니다.[23]

키트에는 여러 변형이 있습니다.

FAB-250 – 적어도 2023년 5월부터 사용되었습니다.[24]
FAB-500 – UMPK를 장착한 최초의 폭탄이자 가장 널리 사용된 폭탄입니다.
FAB-1500 – 적어도 2023년 9월부터 사용되었습니다.[25][26][27] FAB-1500M54 유도 폭탄은 2024년 1월 세르게이 쇼이구 러시아 국방부 장관이 모스크바 지역의 전술 미사일 공사 군수산업 단지를 방문했을 때 공개되었습니다.[28]
FAB-3000 – 2024년 6월 20일, 러시아 군사 블로거 FighterBomber는 하르키우 지역 립치 마을에서 UMPK 키트를 장착한 FAB-3000이 처음 사용되었다고 주장하는 내용을 게시했습니다.[29] Kyiv Independent도 이 주장을 보도했지만, 진위 여부를 확인할 수는 없었습니다.[30] 이후 며칠 동안 같은 지역에서 폭탄이 추가로 사용된 것으로 추정되는 사례들이 온라인에 영상으로 공개되었습니다.[31] 러시아 국방부는 2024년 7월 14일 Su-34 전술 폭격기가 폭탄을 발사하는 영상을 공개하며 공식적으로 폭탄 사용을 발표했습니다.[32]
ODAB-500 – 2024년 4월 4일 러시아 국방부가 공개한 영상에는 Su-34 전선 폭격기가 UMPK 유도 키트를 장착한 ODAB-500 열압력 폭탄 4발을 발사하는 모습이 담겨 있습니다.[33]
ODAB-1500 – 적어도 2024년 2월부터 사용되었습니다.[34]
RBK-500 – 집속탄 변형으로 적어도 2023년 11월부터 사용되었습니다.[35]

주요 사용 사례
포브스지는 2023년 8월, 러시아 유도 폭탄의 대규모 사용이 자포리자 전선에서 우크라이나의 반격 작전을 크게 저해했다고 보도했습니다.[36]
FAB-1500은 헤르손의 안토노프스키 다리를 공격하는 데 사용되었다고 주장되었습니다.[25]
참고 항목
소련 및 러시아 공중 폭탄
JDAM 확장 사거리 - 미국 활공 폭탄 키트
LS-6 - 중국 활공 폭탄 키트
참고 문헌
Butowski, Piotr (2023년 7월 19일). "러시아의 미스터리한 날개 달린 활공 폭탄에 대한 진실". The War Zone. 2025년 6월 27일 검색.
Fighterbomber (2023년 1월 5일). "Кто там хотел православный JDAM?" [진짜 JDAM을 원하는 사람이 누가 있겠는가?] 전보. 2024년 4월 23일에 확인함. 
"Російський analog JDAM: звідки взявся, наскільки реальний та як у РФ тим самим розписались у безпорадності "Гефеста"" [JDAM의 러시아 유사체: 어디서 왔는지, 얼마나 실제적인지…]. defence-ua.com(우크라이나어). 2023-01-05. 2024년 3월 13일에 확인함. 
"У Росіѕ тестувть мод уль планування і корекціѕ авіабомб ФАБ-500" [러시아는 FAB-500 폭탄 계획 및 수정 모듈을 테스트하고 있습니다]. mil.in.ua(우크라이나어). 2023-01-05. 검색일: 2024-03-13. 
"Ігнат розповів про нову загрозу: авіація рф woдня скидац десятки бомб у прифронтовій зоні" [Ignat의 새로운 위협: 러시아 항공은 최전선에 매일 수십 개의 폭탄을 투하합니다]. ukrinform.ua(우크라이나어). 2023-03-30. 검색됨 2024-03-13. 
"У российской aviации, вероятно, появилась технология, способная вернуть ей превосходство в воздухе над ВСУ. Но только теоретически В реальности эта technология могла привести к паденив двух российских авиабомб на Белгород" [러시아 항공은 UAF에 대한 공중 우위를 회복할 수 있는 기술을 획득했을 수 있습니다. 그러나 실제로는 이 기술이 벨고로드에 두 개의 러시아 폭탄을 투하한 원인이 될 수 있습니다.(2023년 5월 2일 검색됨) 
"Заявление начальника пресс-центра группировки «Запад»" [미국 언론센터장의 성명서] "서부" 그룹]. 텔레그램. 2023년 5월 8일. 2024년 3월 13일 접속.

"UMPK: 공중 폭탄용 범용 모듈" [UMPK: universal module for aerial bombs]. vz.ru (러시아어). 2023년 10월 23일. 2024년 3월 13일 접속.

"러시아, 공중 투하용 탄약 유도 모듈 ​​개발". ​​분쟁 무기 연구. 2024년 1월 18일.

"러시아, 항공기 또는 토네이도-S 지상 발사대를 이용한 UMPB 장거리 폭탄 개발". ​​en.defence-ua.com. 2024년 10월 7일 접속.

"러시아 신형 UMPB D-30 활공 폭탄의 작전 범위" 공개됨". en.defence-ua.com. 2024년 10월 7일에 확인됨. 
"БПЛА С-70 "Охотник" це все ж таки "бомбовіз" КАБів: яка реальна загроза та ідея ворога" [S-70 "Okhotnik" UAV는 결국 GBU "폭탄 운반선"입니다. 실제 위협은 무엇입니까? 그리고 적의 생각]. defence-ua.com(우크라이나어). 2024년 10월 7일에 확인함. 
인더 싱 비쉬트(2024-06-17). "우크라이나, 자체 제작 활공폭탄 시험". 국방 포스트. 
"우크라이나 활공폭탄을 장착한 Su-24M이 시험 중 발견되었습니다". mil.in.ua. 2024년 9월 6일.
보이코 니콜로프. "우크라이나의 새로운 FAB-500 활공 모듈, 80km 사거리 목표로 UMPK와 경쟁". bulgarianmilitary. 2025년 6월 26일 접속.
데이비드 액스. "우크라이나, 전선 전역에서 러시아 활공 폭탄 교란". Forbes. 2025년 5월 10일 접속.
릴리아나 올레니악 (2025년 10월 24일). "우크라이나, 러시아 유도 공중 폭탄 대응 요격기 개발 중". newsukraine.rbc.ua. 2025년 12월 1일 접속.
보흐단 바바이에 (2025년 11월 30일). "우크라이나, 러시아 유도 공중 폭탄 대응 요격기 개발 중". newsukraine.rbc.ua. 2025년 12월 1일 접속.

"러시아는 날고 있다" "전투 비행 직전에 투하되는 멍청한 폭탄들". BulgarianMilitary.com. 2023년 7월 25일. 2024년 3월 13일 접속.

"러시아의 UMPK 계획 폭탄이 거의 매일 사용되고 있다는 사실이 알려졌다." en.topcor.ru 리포터. 2023년 2월 22일. 2024년 4월 28일 접속.

"러시아의 날개 달린 스마트 폭탄은 얼마나 멍청한가?". Popular Mechanics. 2023년 4월 24일. 2024년 4월 9일 접속.

Ilyushina, Mary; Khurshudyan, Isabelle (2024년 7월 1일). "러시아의 파괴적인 활공 폭탄이 자국 영토에 계속 떨어지고 있다." Washington Post. 2024년 7월 2일 접속.

"Что такое КАБ: чипы из США и Китая есть в российских бомбах ФАБ – исследование" [KAB란 무엇입니까: 미국과 중국 칩이 러시아 FAB 폭탄에 들어있습니다 – 연구]. forbes.ua(러시아어). 2024-05-27. 검색됨 2025-06-26. 
"Доработка авиабомб ФАБ-250 позволила сделать из них высокоточные боеприпасы" [FAB-250 폭탄의 개선으로 정밀 탄약으로 전환이 가능해졌습니다]. 타스(러시아어). 2023-05-03. 검색됨 2024-04-22. 
"Antonivskyi 다리 아래 AFU 편대에 대한 FAB-1500의 공격이 영상에 포착되었습니다." Удар ФАБ-1500 по скоплениу ВСУ под Антоновским мостом попал на видео(러시아어). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2023-10-21. 2024년 3월 13일에 확인함. 
"Newsweek: "스마트" FAB-1500 폭탄은 우크라이나의 방공에 대한 압박을 증가시킬 것입니다." Newsweek: "Умная" авиабомба ФАБ-1500 усилит давление на ПВО Украины(러시아어). Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2023-11-01. 2024년 3월 13일에 확인함. 
액스, 데이비드(2023-09-07). "러시아는 거대하고 새로운 활공폭탄을 보유하고 있습니다." 포브스. 2024년 3월 13일에 확인함. 
"Минобороны России впервые показало полуторатоннуу авиабомбу с УМПК" [러시아 국방부가 처음으로 UMPK를 갖춘 1½톤 폭탄을 선보였습니다]. RIA Novosti(러시아어). 2024-01-12. 2024년 3월 13일에 확인함. 
"Сегодня в н.п. Липцы Харьковской области состоялся бенефис ФАБ-3000 М-54 с УМПК". FighterBomber 전보. 2024년 6월 20일. 검색일 2024년 6월 22일. 
"러시아군은 처음으로 FAB-3000 활공폭탄을 배치했다고 주장합니다." 키예프 독립. 2024-06-20. 2024년 6월 22일에 확인함. 
"105.000 κιλά βομβών FAB-3000 χτύπennaσαν ουκρανικούς는 στόχους στο Χάρκοβο! – Η μυρΩδιά των καμμένΩν έphτασε μέχρι το Κιεβο". Pronews.gr(그리스어). 2024-06-24. 검색일 2024-06-24. 
"우크라이나 분쟁: 러시아가 활공 개조 버전인 FAB-3000 대용량 폭탄을 과시했습니다." Jane's.com. 2024-07-17. 2024년 7월 21일에 확인함. 
"러시아 Su-34 폭격기가 새로운 유도형 ODAB-500 열압력 폭탄으로 우크라이나 위치를 표적으로 삼았습니다." Armyrecognition.com. 2024-04-04. 2024년 4월 26일에 확인함. 
"O였어?  "적군이 DAB-1500 항공 폭탄을 처음으로 사용했다: 주요 위험은 무엇인가?" en.defence-ua.com. 2024년 3월 30일. 2024년 4월 26일 접속.
뉴딕, 토마스 (2023년 11월 20일). "러시아 활공 폭탄 키트, 이제 집속탄용으로 개조: 보도". The War Zone. 2024년 6월 27일 접속.
액스, 데이비드 (2023년 8월 27일). "우크라이나 군대가 가장 두려워하는 것은 무엇인가? 러시아의 저렴하고 강력한 활공 폭탄". Forbes. 2024년 3월 13일 접속.

 

The UMPK (Russian: УМПК; Унифицированный модуль планирования и коррекции, Unified gliding and correction module) is a munition guidance kit first developed by the Russian Bazalt Design Bureau for converting unguided Soviet bombs into precision-guided glide bombs. This kit is an aerial bomb glide range extension kit, similar to the American Joint Direct Attack Munition Extended Range (JDAM-ER) and thus it was sometime nicknamed "Russian JDAM". The guidance system and gliding function of the UMPK kit can provide ordinary aerial bombs with longer-range and more accurate strike capabilities. They have been widely used by the Russian Air Force during the Russo-Ukrainian war.

History

A guided glide kit for Soviet/Russian bombs was first proposed by NPO Bazalt in 2002 as a low-cost device that could be fitted to bombs to increase their range and accuracy. Its prototype was first displayed at the Farnborough Airshow. The kit, then called the MPK, included four variants ranging in price and capabilities: the first module consisted of just retractable wings; the second added a simple inertial navigation system; the third included satellite navigation; and the fourth had a pulsejet engine. The project was displayed for several years but was never put into production, probably because the Russian military did not anticipate prolonged conflicts requiring large quantities of cheap armaments, and because Russian defense contractors preferred to produce more expensive and profitable guided bombs.[1]

At the beginning of January 2023, Russian users on social networks shared a photo of the FAB-500 M-62 with an attached kit resembling a JDAM. The "artisan" quality of the kit may have indicated it was a prototype.[2][3][4]

At the end of March 2023, the spokesman of the Ukrainian Air Force, Yuriy Ignat, reported that the Russian military began to use winged modified aerial bombs with a warhead weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb) more often. Russian planes drop them from a distance of tens of kilometers on targets in the front-line zone without entering the Ukrainian air defense range.[5]

In April 2023, an Su-34 accidentally dropped a bomb on the Russian city of Belgorod. Some news outlets quoted Russian milblogger Fighterbomber that the bomb was an UMPK-upgraded one.[6]

The UMPK was first publicly acknowledged by Russian MoD in May 2023.[7][8]

According to a November 2023 investigation by the British NGO Conflict Armament Research, the new UMPK has, among other things, a more complex electronic system including SMART navigation controller and Kometa satellite navigation module.[9]

UMPB D-30SN

Main article: UMPB D-30SN

In March 2024, photos of the wreckage of a previously unseen Russian ordnance with the "UMPB" marking surfaced in Ukraine. Preliminary analysis of the wreckage told that UMPB is a type of air-launched weapon that has a FAB-250 bomb integrated into the guidance-and-glide kit, with inertial and satellite navigation systems, ailerons, and actuators at its aft end, with a jet engine and fuel tank inside the weapon as well. Russian milblogger Fighterbomber identified this weapon as UMPB D-30SN (Russian: УМПБ; Универсальный межвидовой планирующий боеприпас, Versatile intermediate gliding munition). According to the blogger, "intermediate" means its standing between different types of ordnance and the fact it can be launched from various platforms, such as Tornado-S multiple launch rocket systems, as well as from aircraft. No other specifications were mentioned.[10]

In May 2024, a high-quality image of the UMPB D-30SN long-range glide bomb has appeared for the first time. The picture showed a Su-34 releasing four UMBP bombs. The location of the release point allowed to estimate that the attack range of the UMPB could be up to 90 km (56 mi), which is 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi) higher than the UMPK.[11]

In October 2024, a piece of an UMPB was found in the wreckage of an S-70 UAV which was shot down by Russians after losing control and entering the Ukrainian airspace, indicating that the UAV was used as a carrier for UMPB bombs.[12]

Ukrainian program

In June 2024, the Ukrainian Air Force announced a similar program to create an analog of the UMPK bombs. Serhii Golubtsov, commander of the Ukrainian Air Force, told Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in an interview, that the wings, command module and GPS had to be worked out. In August, the Ukrainian Air Force released footage of a Su-24M testing a similar bomb. This weapon appears to have X shaped control fins and an outlet for a possible rocket booster or a jet engine.[13][14]

On 25 June 2025, Ukrainian defense contractor KB Medoid unveiled a glide bomb kit for FAB-500 bombs with a range of 60 kilometers. The kit closely mirrors the UMPK and was likely reverse-engineered from captured Russian kits. The developers plan to integrate French technology to avoid satellite jamming and to increase the range up to 80 kilometers.[15]

Ukrainian countermeasures

In 2025, WarTranslated author Dmitri Masinski reported on a leak from Russian pilot Fighterbomber on Telegram that Ukrainian forces had begun jamming Russian UMPK-equipped glide bombs, significantly reducing their accuracy, causing Russia to need up to 16 bombs to hit a target. David Axe reported on this for Forbes, adding that the jamming additionally had disrupted Russian drones, forcing a switch to fiber-optics.[16]

In October 2025, Ukraine was testing a new interception system that combined drones, radar and artificial intelligence to shot down UMPK-equipped glide bombs.[17] The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine claimed to have destroyed over 100 UMPK glide bombs between September and October 2025.[18]

Description

The UMPK aerial bomb glide kit is designed to convert traditional unguided bombs into precision-guided munitions to provide greater strike accuracy. It is a welded structure featuring two deployable wings and tail control surfaces. It functions as a self-contained flight assembly to which an aerial bomb is attached, with or without a nose fairing. The maximum attack range depends on the altitude and trajectory of the aircraft at the moment of release.[19]

Unlike the similar American JDAM kit, the UMPK can be fitted to a bomb in field conditions, rather than at a factory or a specialized workshop, as there is no need to replace a bomb's tail section.

After the bomb is released, the wings are deployed by a spring-loaded mechanism actuated by a pyrotechnic charge. The weapon is guided to its target by a navigation module that uses signals from both an inertial navigation system and a jam-resistant Kometa-M GPS/GLONASS antenna. Control signals are sent to two servomotors that actuate the tail surfaces. The system is powered by two batteries.[1][9]

The current manufacturer of the module is not officially named. Perhaps there are several companies producing them, as well as several variants of the module itself.[8]

A unit costs 2 million Rubles (24,460 USD as of 2025), according to the Telegram blogger Fighterbomber,[20] which is relatively inexpensive for a guided weapon.[20][21] During its invasion of Ukraine, Russia is unlikely to run out of bombs to which it can be fitted, as it has a very large inventory of unguided aerial bombs.[21] The heavy use of civilian-grade electronics allows kits to be mass produced cheaply but also makes them unreliable compared to Western equivalents resulting in bombs falling within Russia, although safeguard systems mean detonations are rare.[22]

Ukrainian media often refers to Russian UMPK-equipped bombs as "KABs", which is not accurate since KAB is a guided bomb, while the UMPK is a kit that gets attached to unguided bombs such as FAB.[23]

 

There are several variants of the kit:

• FAB-250 – used at least as early as May 2023.[24]
• FAB-500 – the first bomb equipped with the UMPK, and the most widely used.
• FAB-1500 – used at least as early as September 2023.[25][26][27] The FAB-1500М54 guided bomb was displayed publicly when Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu visited the Tactical Missiles Corporation military-industrial complex in the Moscow region in January 2024.[28]
• FAB-3000 – On 20 June 2024, Russian milblogger FighterBomber published the alleged first usage of a FAB-3000 with UMPK kit in the village of Liptsy, Kharkiv region.[29] The Kyiv Independent also reported on this claim, although they could not verify its veracity.[30] More purported uses of the bomb in the same region took place in the next days with videos appeared online.[31] The Russian Ministry of Defense officially announced the use of the bomb on 14 July 2024 by publishing a video which showed a Su-34 tactical bomber launching it.[32]
• ODAB-500 – footage in a video published by the Russian Defense Ministry on April 4, 2024, shows a Su-34 frontline bomber launching four ODAB-500 thermobaric bombs equipped with the UMPK guidance kit.[33]
• ODAB-1500 – used at least as early as February 2024.[34]
• RBK-500 – the cluster variant used at least as early as November 2023.[35]

Notable uses

• Forbes magazine stated in August 2023 that the large-scale use of Russian guided bombs greatly hindered the Ukrainian counteroffensive on the Zaporizhzhia front.[36]
• FAB-1500 was claimed to have been used to strike the Antonovskiy Bridge in Kherson.[25]

See also

• Soviet and Russian aerial bombs
• JDAM Extended Range - American glide bomb kit
• LS-6 - Chinese glide bomb kit

References

1.  Butowski, Piotr (2023-07-19). "The Truth About Russia's Mysterious Winged Glide Bombs". The War Zone. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
2.  Fighterbomber (5 January 2023). "Кто там хотел православный JDAM?" [Who out there wanted an honest-to-God JDAM?]. Telegram. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
3.  "Російський аналог JDAM: звідки взявся, наскільки реальний та як у РФ тим самим розписались у безпорадності "Гефеста"" [The Russian analogue of JDAM: where did it come from, how real is it, …]. defence-ua.com (in Ukrainian). 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
4.  "У Росії тестують модуль планування і корекції авіабомб ФАБ-500" [Russia is testing the FAB-500 bomb planning and correction module]. mil.in.ua (in Ukrainian). 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
5.  "Ігнат розповів про нову загрозу: авіація рф щодня скидає десятки бомб у прифронтовій зоні" [Ignat on a new threat: Russian aviation drops dozens of bombs daily on the frontline]. ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
6.  "У российской авиации, вероятно, появилась технология, способная вернуть ей превосходство в воздухе над ВСУ. Но только теоретически В реальности эта технология могла привести к падению двух российских авиабомб на Белгород" [Russian aviation may have acquired technology that could restore its air superiority over UAF. But only theoretically. In reality, this technology could be the cause of two Russian bombs dropped on Belgorod]. Meduza (in Russian). 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
7.  "Заявление начальника пресс-центра группировки «Запад»" [Statement by the head of the press centre of the "West" group]. Telegram. 2023-05-08. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
8.  "УМПК: универсальный модуль для авиабомб" [UMPK: universal module for aerial bombs]. vz.ru (in Russian). 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
9.  "Russia develops guidance modules for air-dropped munitions". Conflict Armament Research. 2024-01-18.
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