환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 25401-25500

환경 및 무역 관련용어 모음집 environmental and trade terms : 25401-25500

번호                  용어                  해설

25401    ◆         Preheated sludge            ◆         예열된 슬러지; 55oC로 가열된 슬러지

25402    ◆         preheater           ◆         an exchanger in which a material, substance, or fluid is heated prior to further thermal or mechanical treatment.

25403    ◆         preignition         ◆         the ignition of the charge in a gasoline engine cylinder before normal ignition by the spark, caused by overheated plug points.

25404    ◆         Preliminary Assessment   ◆         The process of collecting and reviewing available information about a known or supected waste site or release.

25405    ◆         PRELIMINARY SIZING      ◆         예비크기 결정; 수처리공정상에서 설계지표가 설정된후, 다음 단계에 필요한 시설의 크기와 수를 결정하는 것

25406    ◆         preliminary waves           ◆         the waves of an earthquake that appear on the seismograph before the surface waves, due to their high speeds in the earth's interior; includes P-waves (first preliminary waves) and S-waves (second preliminary waves).

25407    ◆         PREMIX TYPE BURNER     ◆         사전혼합버너 ; 가연성 가스, 조연성 가스 및 시료를 분무실에서 혼합시켜 불꽃중으로 넣어주는 방식의 버너

25408    ◆         Pre-precipitation ◆         전침; 수처리의 최초 침전시설에서 인을 제거하기 위해 유입하수에 화학약품을 가하는 것

25409    ◆         prescaler            ◆         ㆍ a circuit that extends the frequency range of an input signal by a fraction.a circuit that extends the frequency range of an input signal by a fraction. ㆍ a circuit that increases the frequency limit of a counter by dividing the input frequency by an exact amount, generally 10 or 100.a circuit that increases the frequency limit of a counter by dividing the input frequency by an exact amount, generally 10 or 100.

25410    ◆         Prescriptive        ◆         Water rights which are acquired by diverting water and putting it to use in accordance with specified procedures; e.g., filing a request with a state agency to use unused water in a stream, river, or lake..

25411    ◆         preselector         ◆         in a radio or television receiver, a narrow bandpass filter that suppresses undesired frequencies before reaching the main amplification stages.  Telecommunications. in telephone exchange operations, a device that selects a particular switch automatically before it takes control of an idle trunk.

25412    ◆         preset tool         ◆         a tool used to set an initial parameter controlling another device.

25413    ◆         press     ◆         a machine that applies pressure to a workpiece by means of a tool, usually in such cold-working operations as cutting, bending, drawing, and squeezing.

25414    ◆         PRESS FILTRATION          ◆         가압탈수(폐)

25415    ◆         press slide         ◆         the reciprocating member of a power press on which the punch and upper die are fastened.

25416    ◆         Pressed Wood Products   ◆            Materials used in building and furniture construction that are made from wood veneers, particles, or fibers bonded together with an adhesive under heat and pressure.

25417    ◆         press-to-talk switch         ◆         a switch on a microphone that must be pressed when the microphone is to pick up and transmit sounds.

25418    ◆         pressure ◆         ㆍ specifically, the condition of a fluid, such as air or water, in which it exerts a perpendicular force per unit area on an area element of a surface in contact with it that has the same value at this point, regardless of the orientation of the surface.specifically, the condition of a fluid, such as air or water, in which it exerts a perpendicular force per unit area on an area element of a surface in contact with it that has the same value at this point, regardless of the orientation of the surface. ㆍ a measurement of this.a measurement of this.

25419    ◆         pressure angle    ◆         the angle in a toothed gearing between the common tangent to the pitch circles of two teeth at their point of contact and the common normal at that point.

25420    ◆         pressure bar       ◆         a bar that holds the edge of a metal sheet during such press operations as punching, stamping, or forming.

25421    ◆         PRESSURE BROADENING ◆         압력 넓힘 : 원자들간의 충돌으로 생기는 결과

25422    ◆         PRESSURE CONDUIT       ◆         압력수로; 내면 전체에 수압을 받은 수로

25423    ◆         pressure cycle fermenter  ◆         a highly effective tower fermenter whose contents are circulated through an exterior limb of a tower and reinjected under pressure at the bottom of the tower.

25424    ◆         pressure decline ◆         a drop in reservoir pressure due to pressure drawdown from gas or oil production. Also, pressure depletion.

25425    ◆         pressure difference ( 차압 )          ◆            배관내를 유체가 흐를 때, 상류와 하류사이에 생기는 압력의 차. 혹은 필터로 유체를 여과할 때에 생기는 상류측과 하류측의 압력의 차.

25426    ◆         pressure drawdown         ◆         a drop in reservoir pressure caused by gas or oil production.

25427    ◆         PRESSURE DROP ◆         압력손실

25428    ◆         pressure drop(압력 손실) ◆         액체중에 있는 2점간에 있어서, 유체의 마찰등에 의해 생기는 압력의 저하.

25429    ◆         PRESSURE GRADIENT      ◆         기압경도; 기압차에 나타나는 경사

25430    ◆         PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE        ◆            기압경도력; 바람을 불게하는 원동력

25431    ◆         pressure head  ( 압력 수두  )      ◆            정상류에서 흐르는 유체의 임의의 단면 에너지를 구성하는 한개.

25432    ◆         pressure hold test (압력 홀드 시험)            ◆         물로(에서) 필터를 충분히 적신 뒤, 기체에 의해 가압하고, 버블 포인트 이하의 소정의 압으로(에서) 기체의 공급을 차단하고, 소정의 시간에 강하하는 압력을 압력계로 측정하여, 필터의 완전성을 확인하는 방법.

25433    ◆         pressure plate    ◆         the plate in an automobile disk clutch that presses against the flywheel.

25434    ◆         pressure process ◆         a timber treatment that forces a preservative, such as zinc oxide and creosote, into the cells of the wood in order to prevent decay.

25435    ◆         pressure radius   ◆         the effective radius of the zone of higher reservoir pressure encircling a water-injection well.

25436    ◆         pressure release  ◆         a release of pent-up energy from within rock formations that, through erosion or other means, have rid themselves of some superincumbant pressure.

25437    ◆         PRESSURE RELIEF FACILITIES         ◆            압력제거장치

25438    ◆         pressure Sensor  ( 압력센서 )      ◆            원수 또는 공급수의 압력을 측정하고, 설정되고 있는 압력에 달하면, 그 접점이 개폐하는 스윗치.

25439    ◆         Pressure sewers  ◆         가압식 하수관거; 하수를 펌프하는 구조를 가진 관거

25440    ◆         Pressure Sewers  ◆         A system of pipes in which water, wastewater, or other liquid is pumped to a higher eleva- tion. Pressure, Static: In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure, pushing equally in all directions. Pressure, Static: In flowing air, the total pressure minus velocity pressure, pushing equally in all directions. Pressure, Total: In flowing air, the sum of the static and velocity pressures. Pressure, Velocity: In flowing air, the pressure due to velocity and density of air. Pressure, Velocity: In flowing air, the pressure due to velocity and density of air.

25441    ◆         pressure still      ◆         a petroleum-refinery apparatus used to crack oils by reducing the amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons formed and preventing straight distillation by raising the vaporization point of the oil above the temperature required to crack it.

25442    ◆         PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION   ◆            가압교대흡착 설비; 고순도 산소 활성슬러지 공정에서 사용되는산소발생 장치

25443    ◆         pressure tank     ◆         any storage tank that operates at pressures above atmospheric pressure

25444    ◆         pressure transducer         ◆         a device that converts the pressure in a gas or a liquid into current or voltage for measurement. Also, PRESSURE PICKUP.

25445    ◆         Pressure Transmitter -(압력 발신기)            ◆         트랜스듀서를, 증폭 회로또는 신호 조정 기능 내장 타입과, 비내장 타입에 구별하기 위해서 통상사용되는 조어.  트랜스듀서ㆍ메이커의 일반적인 관습으로는, 증폭 회로와 조정 기능을 가지지 않는 기본적인 검출 소자를 트랜스듀서와 식별하고, 증폭 회로또는 조정 기능을 가지는 검출 소자를 트랜스미터와 식별 한다. 압력 트랜스미터는 한층, 외부의 전력근원을 이용해 트랜스듀서의 신호를, 변환된 변화에 비례하는 전압과 전류 신호로 변환· 증폭· 조정하는 압력 검출 트랜스듀서로서 정의.

25446    ◆         pressure treating ◆         any treating process in which aChemical orChemicals are applied at a pressure above atmospheric pressure.

25447    ◆         pressure-containing member        ◆            the part of a pressure-relieving device in direct contact with the pressurized medium in a vessel being protected.

25448    ◆         pressure-relief device      ◆         a device that relieves pressure that has risen beyond a specified limit and recloses upon return to normal operating conditions.

25449    ◆         pressure-relief valve        ◆         a safety valve used on pressure vessels or pump discharge lines to release pressures that exceed a preset limit. Also, POP-OFF VALVE, SAFETY VALVE.

25450    ◆         pressure-retaining member          ◆            the part of a pressure relieving device loaded by the restrained pressurized fluid.

25451    ◆         pressure-travel curve       ◆         a plot of the pressure against the travel of a projectile within the bore of a weapon.

25452    ◆         presumptive test ◆         a test used to detect fecal contamination of water; the water sample is inoculated into tubes of lactate broth, in which the production of gas indicates that the water has been contaminated.

25453    ◆         presuppression   ◆         in seismic prospecting, the suppression of the first events of a seismic shot until the appearance of the first strong arrivals.

25454    ◆         Pretreatment      ◆         Processes used to reduce, eliminate, or alter the nature of wastewater pollutants from non- domestic sources before they are discharged into publicly owned treatment works (POTWs).

25455    ◆         pretrigger          ◆         a signal that activates a device before a transmitted signal arrives.

25456    ◆         Prevalent Level Samples   ◆         Air samples taken under normal conditions (also known as ambient background samples).

25457    ◆         Prevalent Levels  ◆         Levels of airborne contaminant occurring under normal conditions. Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD): EPA program in which state and/or federal permits are required in order to restrict emissions from new or modified sources in places where air quality already meets or exceeds primary and secondary ambient air quality standards.

25458    ◆         PREVENTION OF POLLUTION        ◆            오염예방 : 공정, 관행, 물질 또는 제품의 사용중 오염을 발생전에 막거나 줄이거나 혹은 통제하기 위한 것들을 의미

25459    ◆         PRGs(preliminary remediation goals)            ◆         PRGs란 사전 복원목표로서, 장기간의 목적 하에 오염된 토양의 복원계획을 수립하는 데 있어 복원대책을 분석하고 선정하는 과정에 이용되고 있다. 이런한 PRGs의 결정은 우려대상 매체, 우려대상 화학물질, 향후 토양 사용가능성, 노출관련 사항, 독성 정도, 목표로 하는 위해도 수준, 그리고 수정단계 등의 과정을 통해 이루어지며, 현장특성의 자료를 요구하고 있다.

25460    ◆         PRI        ◆         Periodic Reinvestigation

25461    ◆         Primacy ◆         Having the primary responsibility for adminstering and enforcing regulations.

25462    ◆         primary air         ◆         the air that flows up and through the fire beds to supply the oxygen necessary for the combustion of fuel in a furnace.

25463    ◆         PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANT            ◆            1차대기오염물질

25464    ◆         primary breaker  ◆         a machine, such as a gyratory or jaw crusher, that reduces the size of coarse ore from blasting operations. Also, primary crusher.

25465    ◆         primary cell culture         ◆         a freshly isolated culture of cells that are derived from a particular organ, tissue, or an organism's blood; these cultures usually have a low growth fraction but are representative of the cell types from which they were derived; subculturing of the primary culture creates a secondary culture.

25466    ◆         primary creep     ◆         the initial stage in the creep process, characterized by a high and nonconstant strain rate.

25467    ◆         primary current flow       ◆         a current that produces the electrical activities in a semiconductor device. Also, PRIMARY FLOW.

25468    ◆         Primary Drinking Water Regulation            ◆         Applies to public water systems and specifies a contaminant level, which, in the judgement of the EPA  Administrator, will not adversely affect human health.

25469    ◆         Primary Effect     ◆         An effect where the stressor acts directly on the ecological component of interest, not on other parts of the ecosystem. (See: secondary effect.)

25470    ◆         primary electron ◆         ㆍ the electron with the greater energy following the collision of two electrons.the electron with the greater energy following the collision of two electrons. ㆍ an electron that bombards atoms to produce additional electrons.an electron that bombards atoms to produce additional electrons. 3. an electron that is emitted directly by a material rather than as a result of a collision.an electron that is emitted directly by a material rather than as a result of a collision.

25471    ◆         primary emission            ◆         the stream of electrons arising from a primary cause, such as the heating of the cathode in an electron tube, and not from a secondary effect, such as a bombardment by other electrons.

25472    ◆         primary photocurrent      ◆         a photocurrent arising from nonohmic contacts that are unable to replenish charge carriers passing out of the opposite contact and whose maximum gain is unity.

25473    ◆         primary recovery ◆         the production of a reservoir requiring only natural-energy recovery methods, such as the use of a water drive.

25474    ◆         primary sewage sludge    ◆         the part of sewage that has been water precipitated and is no longer raw, but is not yet fit to use.

25475    ◆         Primary sludge   ◆         1차슬러지; 슬러지

25476    ◆         PRIMARY STANDARD       ◆         일차 표준시약 : 특급 순도의 품질을 가진 화학약품

25477    ◆         Primary Standards           ◆         National ambient air quality standdards sesigned to protect human health with an ade- quate margin for safety. (See: National Ambient Quality Standards, secondary standards)

25478    ◆         primary stress    ◆         a nonself-limiting stress component due to an applied load in a body under a condition of equilibrium.

25479    ◆         Primary Waste Treatment ◆         First steps in wastewater treatment; screens and sedimentation tanks are used to remove most materials that float or will settle. Primary treatment removes avout 30 percent of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand from domestic sewage. Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents (POHCs): Hazardous compounds monitored during an incinerator's trial burn, selected for high concentration in the waste feed and difficulty of combustion.

25480    ◆         PRIMARY WAVE  ◆         P파 : 종파는 매질의 체적 변화에 대한 저향이 원인이 되어 생기는 파

25481    ◆         prime mover      ◆         ㆍ an engine or device by which a natural source of energy is converted into mechanical power.an engine or device by which a natural source of energy is converted into mechanical power. ㆍ the initial agent that puts a machine in motion, such as electricity.the initial agent that puts a machine in motion, such as electricity.

25482    ◆         priming ◆         ㆍ the process of charging a quantity of fuel or fluid to a carburetor, cylinder, or pump, to facilitate starting the vehicle or machine.the process of charging a quantity of fuel or fluid to a carburetor, cylinder, or pump, to facilitate starting the vehicle or machine. ㆍ the delivery of steam containing water in suspension by a boiler in an ebullition or frothing phase.the delivery of steam containing water in suspension by a boiler in an ebullition or frothing phase.

25483    ◆         priming pump    ◆         a fuel pump that supplies fuel to an injector or carburetor in starting an engine.

25484    ◆         PRIMING WATER ◆         마중물; 시동 전에 펌프 및 흡입관내를 채우는 물

25485    ◆         primitive cell      ◆         the unit cell of the smallest possible volume for a given space lattice, as opposed to centered or other nonprimitive cells.

25486    ◆         primitive lattice   ◆         a crystal lattice with lattice points only at the origins of the unit cell.

25487    ◆         primitive period  ◆         the smallest increment of a sound wave that repeats itself; for a perfect sinusoidal standing wave, it is one wavelength from peak to peak or from valley to valley, and for sound it is measured from compression to compression or from rarefaction to rarefaction.  Mathematics.  ㆍ the minimal period of a simply periodic function.the minimal period of a simply periodic function. ㆍ any of the periods ak of a multiply periodic function f such that any period of f is of the form nk ak, where the nk are integers.any of the periods ak of a multiply periodic function f such that any period of f is of the form nk ak, where the nk are integers.

25488    ◆         principal axes of thermal ellipsoids            ◆         three mutually perpendicular directions, along two of which the amplitude of vibration of an atom, represented by an ellipsoid, is at a maximum and at a minimum. Each axis is characterized by an amplitude and a direction.

25489    ◆         principal axis      ◆         one of the three axes in a rigid body with regard to which the tensor of inertia is diagonalized. Also, principal axis of inertia.

25490    ◆         Principal Axis (주축)        ◆         최대 및 최소의 정상 스트레스를 받는 축.

25491    ◆         principal axis of strain     ◆         an axis normal to one of the mutually perpendicular three planes at a point on which there is no shear strain. For a linear elastic material, it is the same as the principal axis of stress.

25492    ◆         principal axis of stress     ◆         an axis normal to one of the mutually perpendicular three planes at a point on which there is no shear stress.

25493    ◆         principal function           ◆         the time integral of the kinetic energy less the potential energy of a system; it is stationary with respect to small variations of the system's behavior. Also, HAMILTON'S PRINCIPAL FUNCTION.

25494    ◆         principal moment of inertia          ◆            the moment of inertia of a rigid body about a principal axis.

25495    ◆         principal moments          ◆         the moments of inertia calculated with repect to the three principal axes of a rigid molecule.

25496    ◆         PRINCIPAL ORGANIC HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS  ◆         주요 유기유해성분  POHC

25497    ◆         principal plane of stress   ◆         one of the three mutually perpendicular planes at a point across which the shearing stress at that point vanishes.

25498    ◆         principal strain   ◆         the change in length of a material line segment lying on one of the principal axes of strain with respect to its original length.

25499    ◆         principal stress   ◆         the normal stress on a principal plane of stress; the maximum and minimum principal stresses are the algebraically largest and smallest normal stresses to be found at a point.

25500    ◆         principle of action and reaction    ◆            another term for Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action there must be an equal and opposite reaction.

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