전자파 안전정보 용어 2

전자파 안전정보 용어 2

no	용어명	설명	출처
301	homogeneous	Having a likeness in structure or form that results from a common ancestral origin.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
302	half power beamwidth	In a radiation pattern cut containing the direction of the maximum of a lobe, the angle between the two directions in which the radiation intensity is one-half the maximum value.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
303	hemispherical isotropy	The maximum deviation of the SAR when rotating the probe around its major axis with the probe exposed to a reference wave, having varying incidence angles relative to the axis of the probe, incident from the half space in front of the probe.	IEC 62209-1
304	hepatoma	A primary malignant tumor of the liver, which is common in Korea. It is characterized by hepatomegaly, pain, hypoglycemia, weight loss, anorexia, ascites, as well as elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, portal hypertension, and jaundice in the plasma. The tumor occurs most frequently in association with hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver and in those parts of the world where the mycotoxin aflatoxin is found. It is treated with surgical resection when isolated to one lobe of the liver. The prognosis is poor. Chemotherapy and liver transplantation are used in some centers.
305	HL-60 cells	A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with acute promyeloctic leukemia.	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
306	hyperpolarization	The change in membrane potential to a more negative value. Hyperpolarization is the result of moving positive charges from in to out of a cell which is usually the result of K+ ions moving out, but can also be achieved by moving Cl- ions into the cell. Hyperpolarization causes neurons and muscle cells to be electrically silent (see action potentials) and stabilize at a resting potential.
307	hypersensitivity	Abnormal sensitivity, a condition in which there is an exaggerated response by the body to the stimulus of a foreign agent.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
308	hyperthermia	A much higher than normal body temperature induced therapeutically or iatrogenically.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
309	ischemia	Local anemia due to mechanical obstruction (mainly arterial narrowing) of the blood supply.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
310	input impedance	The impedance presented by an antenna at its terminals.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
311	in situ measurement	A measurement while all the scattering objects as well as exposure sources exist just as a real environments. It could be a measurement around a transmitting antenna or inside a biological object.	편찬 위원
312	informative (annexes)	Informative annexes give additional information intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. They shall not contain requirements, but they may contain optional requirements. For example, a test method that is optional may contain requirements but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with the document.
313	invasion	The process by which cancer cells move into deeper tissue and into blood vessels and lymph channels.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
314	interferon	A class of small protein and glycoprotein cytokines (15 28 kDa) produced by T cells, fibroblasts, and other cells in response to viral infection and other biological and synthetic stimuli. Interferons bind to specific receptors on cell membranes; their effects include inducing enzymes, suppressing cell proliferation, inhibiting viral proliferation, enhancing the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and augmenting the cytotoxic activity of T lymphocytes. Interferons are divided into five major classes (alpha, beta, gamma, tau, and omega) and several subclasses (indicated by Arabic numerals and letters) on the basis of physicochemical properties, cells of origin, mode of induction, and antibody reactions.
315	interleukin	A biological response modifier (substance that can improve the body's natural response to infection and disease) that helps the immune system fight infection and cancer. These substances are normally produced by the body. They are also made in the laboratory for use in treating cancer and other diseases.
316	insulin	A naturally occurring polypeptide hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood as well as the parasympathetic nervous system and other stimuli. The hormone acts to regulate the metabolism of glucose and the processes necessary for the intermediary metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
317	ion channel	Transmembrane proteins of cells that allow a flux of ions to pass only under defined circumstances.	Molecular Biology of the Cell
318	inflammation	The protective response of body tissues to irritation or injury.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
319	intentional emitter	Intentional emitter is a device that intentionally generates and emits electromagnetic energy by radiation or induction.	ITU K.52
320	induced current	Induced current is the current induced inside the body as a result of direct exposure to electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields.	ITU K.52
321	insomnia	Inability to sleep, in the absence of external impediments, such as noise, a bright light, etc., during the period when sleep should normally occur; may vary in degree from restlessness or disturbed slumber to a curtailment of the normal length of sleep or to absolute wakefulness.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
322	irradiation	Exposure to any form of radiant energy, such as heat, light, or x-rays. Radioactive sources of radiant energy, such as x-rays or isotopes of iodine or cobalt, are used diagnostically to examine internal body structures.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
323	intracellular	Pertaining to the interior of a cell; within a cell.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
324	incidence	The number of times an event occurs. The number of new cases in a particular period (in epidemiology).	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
325	immortalization	The gaining of immunity to normal limit	http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
326	immunoreactivity	The reaction activity of immune response.	http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
327	immunotoxicity	Adverse effects on the functioning of the immune system that result from exposure to chemical substances. Altered immune function may lead to the increased incidence or severity of infectious diseases or cancer, since the immune system‘s ability to respond adequately to invading agents is suppressed.
328	immunoglobulin	Gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
329	immunosuppressive drugs	Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging.
330	immune surveillance	The constant monitoring by the immune system of microorganisms, foreign tissue, and diseases caused by altered cells, especially cancer cells.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
331	immune system	The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response and consists of a complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components.	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
332	ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) device	Equipment or appliances designed to generate and use locally radio frequency energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field of telecommunications.	http://www.electropedia.org/
333	intrinsic impedance (of free space)	The ratio of the electric field strength to the magnetic field strength of a propagating electromagnetics wave. The intrinsic impedance of a plane wave in free space(120π) is approximately 377 Ω.	EN 50400
334	infection	A disease caused by the invasion of the body by pathogenic microoganisms.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
335	International Telecommunication Union (ITU)	A civil international organization established to promote standardized telecommunications on a worldwide basis.	http://ntia.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/
336	ILO (International Labour Organization)	The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
337	inbred	Produced by inbreeding.	http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
338	job exposure matrix (JEM)	The matrix is two dimensional with job codes on one axis and exposure categories on the other and is used to estimate substance-specific exposure of each individual in large-scale population epidemiologic study.	WN Rom ed. Environmental and occupational medicine, 4th edition, Philadelphia, 2007, Lippincott Williams& Wilkins
339	jurkat cell	A kind of immune cells that are used to study acute T cell.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
340	kinase	One of the enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme, which catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor, such as ADP or ATP, to an acceptor.	Cancer WEB Dictionary (http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/)
341	kidney	The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about 11-cm long, 5-cm wide, and 3-cm thick, lying on either side of the vertebral column, posterior to the peritoneum, opposite the 12th thoracic and 1st-3rd lumbar vertebrae.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
342	keratinocyte	An epidermal cell that synthesizes keratin, other proteins and sterols. These cells constitute 95% of the epidermis, being formed from undifferentiated, or basal, cells at the dermal-epidermal junction.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
343	luteinizing hormone (LH)	A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. In the female, an acute rise of LH the LH surge triggers ovulation. In the male, where LH had also been called Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
344	lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)	An enzyme that is found in the cytoplasm of almost all body tissues, where its main function is to catalyze the oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
345	lung	One of a pair of viscera occupying the pulmonary cavities of the thorax, organs of respiration in which blood is aerated.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
346	lens	A transparent, biconvex structure in the eye.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
347	lens nucleus (lentis)	The central structure of the lens of the eye that is surrounded by the cortex.	http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
348	lens cortex	The outer layer of lens of the eye.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
349	limb current	Current flowing in an arm or a leg, either as a result of a contact current or else induced by an external field.	IEC 62311
350	loss tangent	The ratio of the imaginary and real parts of the complex relative permittivity of a material:	IEC 62209-1
351	linearity	The maximum deviation over the measurement range of the measured quantity value from the closest linear reference curve defined over a given interval.	EN 50400
352	linearity error	The maximum deviation of a measured quantity over the measurement range from the closest reference line defined over a given interval.	IEC 62209-1
353	lymphoma	Any neoplasm of lymphoid tissue; in general use, synonymous with malignant lymphoma.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
354	lymphoblast	A large, immature cell that develops into a lymphocyte after an antigenic or mitogenic challenge.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
355	lymphoid hyperplasia	An increase in the number of lymphoid cells that results from an increased rate of cellular division.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
356	lymphocyte	A white blood cell formed in lymphatic tissue throughout the body (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer patches, and sometimes in bone marrow) and in normal adults making up approximately 22-28% of the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood. Lymphocytes are divided into 2 principal groups, termed T and B cells, based on their surface molecules as well as function. Natural killer cells, which are large granular lymphocytes, represent a small percentage of the lymphocyte population.
357	lymph	The interstitial fluid found between the cells of the human body. It enters the lymph vessels by filtration through pores in the walls of capillaries. The lymph then travels to at least one lymphnode before emptying ultimately into the right or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with blood.
358	lesion	A wound, injury or other destructive change in body tissue.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
359	leukaemia	A cancer of blood-forming organs characterized by the replacement of bone marrow with immature white blood cells (leukocytes), It is characterized the presence of abnormal numbers and forms of immature white cells in circulation.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
360	leukaemogenesis	The onset, development or progression of leukemia.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
361	leukocyte	White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
362	lipoxygenase	Lipid oxygenase which is found in plants, animals and fungi. Products of lipoxygenases are involved in diverse cell functions.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
363	lipopolysaccharide (LPS)	Large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
364	liposome	Tiny bubble (vesicle) which were made out of the same material as a cell membrane. Liposomes can be filled with drugs, and used to deliver drugs for cancer and other diseases.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
365	ligand	Either an atom, ion or molecule that binds to a central metal to produce a coordination complex.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
366	lysozyme	An enzyme with antiseptic actions that destroys some foreign organisms or degrades some proteins. It is found in granulocytic and monocytic blood cells and is normally present in saliva, sweat, breast milk, and tears.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
367	liver	The largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium and upper part of the epigastric region; it is of irregular shape and weighs from 1-2 kg, or about one fortieth the weight of the body.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
368	localized exposure	For frequencies exceeding 100 kHz, an exposure of a portion of the body wherein the incident plane-wave equivalent power density, or the squares of the field strength exceed 20 times the spatially averaged value over the projected (cross-sectional) area of the body.	IEEE Std. C95.1
369	melanoma	A malignant neoplasm, derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, arising most commonly in the skin or in the eye, and, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites; occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or lentigo maligna. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely; regional lymph nodes, skin, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved.
370	microwaves	Electromagnetic radiation of sufficiently short wavelength for which practical use can be made of waveguide and associated cavity techniques in its transmission and reception.	ICNIRP Guidelines
371	measurement range	The measurement range is the interval of operation of the measurement system, which is bounded by the lower and the upper detection limits.	EN 50361, IEC 62209-1
372	morphology	The study of physical shape and size of a specimen, plant or animal.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary
373	matched control	Controls who are selected so that they are similar to the study group, or cases, in specific characteristics. Some commonly used matching variables are age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status.	Dictionary of epidmiology, 4th edition
374	magnetization	A phenomenon where a material exhibits magnetism spontaneously, or due to applied magnetic field. Its magnitude is defined as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume.	http://en.wikipedia.org/, 편찬 위원
375	magnetic phosphene	An entoptic phenomenon characterized by the experience of seeing light without light actually entering the eye can be directly induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation of the retina or visual cortex as well as by random firing of cells in the visual system.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
376	morbidity	A diseased state. The ratio of sick to well in a community.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
377	mRNA	A molecule of RNA encoding a chemical blueprint for a protein product. mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template, and carries coding information to the sites of protein synthesis: the ribosomes.	http://en.wikipedia.org/, 두산백과사전
378	motor nerve	An efferent nerve that conveys impulses to motor end plates or another terminal and is mainly responsible for stimulating muscles and glands.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
379	micronucleus test	A test used in toxicological screening for potential genotoxic compounds, observing small nucleus fragments.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
380	myelination	The second of two changes during brain development after birth; the process during which neurons and dendrites become coated with a fatty substance (myelin) to enable neural impulses to travel faster.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
381	medulloblastoma	A poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm composed of tightly packed cells of spongioblastic and neuroblastic lineage. The tumor usually arises in the cerebellum, occurs most frequently at 5 to 9 years of age, and affects more boys than girls.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
382	meningioma	A benign, encapsulated neoplasm of arachnoidal origin in brain, occurring most frequently in adults.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
383	malignant tumour	A neoplasm that characteristically invades surrounding tissue, metastasizes to distant sites, and contains anaplastic cells.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
384	malignancy	Anaplastic, invasive, and metastaic cancer.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
385	miscarriage	A termination of pregnancy before the twentieth week of gestation as a result of abnormalities of the conceptus or maternal environment.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
386	mitosis	The process in which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus, into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
387	mammary tumour	Breast tumor.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
388	mitogen	An agent that stimulates mitosis (a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells and results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells containing the diploid number of chromosomes characteristic of the species) and lymphocyte transformation (the integration of exogenous genes into chromosomes in a form that is recognized by the replicative and transcriptional apparatus of the host cell).
389	multiple frequency fields	Superposition of two or more electromagnetic fields of differing frequency.	IEC 62311
390	multi-mode (wireless device)	A wireless device capable of operating in more than one mode of transmitting signals, e.g., analogue, TDMA and CDMA.	IEC 62209-1
391	multi-band (wireless device)	A wireless device capable of operating in more than one frequency band.	IEC 62209-1
392	microwave hearing effect	The microwave auditory effect, also known as the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
393	modulation	Process, or the result of the process, where some characteristic of the wave (amplitude, frequency or phase) is varied in accordance with another wave or signal. It must also be taken into consideration when carrying out measurements and calculations to determine whether or not the limits are being exceeded.
394	media	A culture medium is a substance that provides a nutritional environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
395	mutagenic effects	the effects of induction or occurrence of a genetic mutation.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
396	mutation	an unusual change in a gene occurring spontaneously or by induction. The change effects the original expression of the gene. Of a mutation occurs in the genome of a gamete, the mutation may be transmitted to later generations.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary
397	microvilli	One of the tiny, hair-like projections that extend from many cells. It increase surface area.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
398	microtubules	A hollow cylindrical structure that occurs widely within plant and animal cells.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
399	macrophages	Any phagocytic cell of the reticuloendothelial system, including specialized Kupffer's cells in the liver and spleen, and histocyte in loose connective tissue.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
400	metabolic rate	The amount of energy liberated or expended in a given unit of time.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
401	metabolism	The aggregate of all chemical processes that take place in living organisms, resulting in growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and other body functions as they relate to the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
402	monocyte	A large mononuclear leukocyte.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
403	mononuclear	Pertaining to one nucleus, such as a monocyte.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
404	malfunction	The inability to function normally.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
405	myoblast	A type of progenitor cell that gives rise to myocytes. It is important to note that myocyte, skeletal muscle cell and muscle fiber are synonymous terms. Skeletal muscle fibers are made when myoblasts fuse together; muscle fibers therefore have multiple nuclei	http://en.wikipedia.org/
406	myotube	The multinucleate structure that is formed by the fusion of proliferating myoblasts and is characterized by the presence of certain muscle-specific marker proteins.	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
407	musculoskeletal system	An organ system that gives humans the ability to move using the muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human body.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
408	meta-analysis	A statistical synthesis of the data from separate but similar, i.e., comparable, studies, leading to a quantitative summary of the pooled results. The aim is to integrate the findings, pool the data, and identify the overall trend of results. An essential prerequisite is that the studies must stand up to critical appraisal, and various biases, e.g., PUBLICATION BIAS, must be allowed for.
409	membrane potential	The potential difference between the interior of a cell and the interstitial fluid beyond the membrane.	http://medlineplus.gov/
410	membrane permeability	The degree to which a membrane allows substances to pass through it.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
411	membrane vesicle	A small vesicle of liquid within a cell membrane.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
412	mitomycin	An antineoplastic antibiotic.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
413	mutagenicity	The capacity of a chemical or physical agent to cause permanent alteration of the genetic material within living cells.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
414	mutagenesis	The process by which such a sudden structural change occurs, either through an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for a gene or through a change in the physical arrangement of a chromosome.	http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
415	muscarine	A choline-related alkaloid present in the poisonous mushroom. It is similar pharmacologically to acetylcholine although it is not used in therapeutics.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
416	myeloid	Referring to the bone marrow or spinal cord, or a resemblance to the marrow or spinal cord.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
417	mammalian cell	Breast cell.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
418	malformation	An anomalous structure in the body.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
419	myeloid leukaemia, myelogenous leukemia	Leukemia characterized by proliferation of myeloid tissue (as of the bone marrow and spleen) and an abnormal increase in the number of granulocytes, myelocytes, and myeloblasts in the circulating blood, called also granulocytic leukemia, myelocytic leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia.	http://www.merriam-webster.com/
420	muscle	Muscle is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
421	nuclease	General term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid into nucleotides or oligonucleotides.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
422	neutrophil	A polymorphonuclear, granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes. They are the circulating white blood cells essential for phagocytosis and proteolysis by which bacteria, cellular debris, and solid particles are removed and destroyed. The nucleus stains dark blue and contains three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin. The cytoplasm contains fine, inconspicuous granules.
423	neoplasm	The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
424	natural killer cell (NK cell)	a lymphocyte that is capable of binding to and killing virus-infected cells and some tumor cells by releasing cytotoxins. It is found in the bone marrow and spleen. Its cytotoxic activity is not antibody-dependent but is augmented by interferon.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
425	nested case-control study	A case control study in which cases and controls are drawn from the population in a COHORT STUDY. As some data are already available about both cases and controls, the effects of some potential confounding variables are reduced or eliminated. In this type of case control study, a set of controls is selected from subjects, i.e., non-cases, at risk at the time of occurrence of each case that arises in a cohort, thus allowing for the confounding effect of time in the analyses.
426	neoplastic transformation	Conversion of a tissue with a normal growth pattern into a malignant tumor.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
427	neuroma	Reduced bone mass due to inadequate osteoid synthesis enough to compensate the normal osteoclastic activity (absorption and removal of osseous tissue).	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
428	neurotransmitter	Any one of numerous chemicals that modify or result in the transmission of nerve impulses between synapses.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
429	nerve fiber	A slender thread (filament) of a nerve cell (neuron), which usually carries signals away from the nerve cells. Some fibers are insulated (myelinated) by a fatty substance (myelin), and some fibers are uninsulated (unmyelinated).	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
430	neurophysiology	physiology of nervous system.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
431	non-ionizing radiation (NIR)	Includes all radiations and fields of the electromagnetic spectrum that do not normally have sufficient energy to produce ionization in matter; characterized by energy per photon less than about 12 eV, wavelengths greater than 100 nm, and frequencies lower than 3 × 1015 Hz.	ICNIRP Guidelines
432	neuroblastoma	A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature nerve cells of embryonic type, i.e., neuroblasts; the stroma is sparse and foci of necrosis and hemorrhage are not unusual. Neuroblastomas occur frequently in infants and children in the mediastinal and retroperitoneal regions; widespread metastases to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, cranial cavity, and skeleton are very common.
433	neurotoxicity	Having a poisonous effect on nerves and nerve cells, such as when ingested lead degenerates peripheral nerves.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
434	neoplasia	The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
435	neurovascular	Pertaining to the nerves that control the caliber of blood vessels.	Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
436	neurodegenerative disease	Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
437	nerve axis	An imaginary line that passes through the center of the nerve or a part of the nerve.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
438	nerve sheath tumor	A type of tumor of the nervous system (nervous system neoplasm) which is made up primarily of the myelin surrounding nerves.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
439	nerve system	An intricate system of nerve cells that starts, oversees, and controls all of the functions of the body. It is divided into the central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which includes the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
440	nerve membrane	A thin layer that covers a nerve surface.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
441	nerve	A whitish cordlike structure composed of one or more bundles (fascicles) of myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibers, or more often mixtures of both, by which stimuli are transmitted from the central nervous system to.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
442	neurosecretory cell	A neuronal cell pertaining to the function of secretion.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
443	neuron	The basic nerve cell of the nervous system, containing a nucleus within a cell body and extending one or more processes.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
444	northern blot	A test for identifying the presence or absence of particular mRNA molecules using nucleic acid hybridization.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
445	near-field pattern	Any radiation pattern obtained in the near-field of an antenna.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
446	normative (annexes)	Normative annexes give provisions additional to those in the body of the document. An annex's normative status shall be made clear by the way in which it is referred to in the text, by an indication in the table of contents and under the heading of the annex.	ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
447	necrosis	A kind of cell death that occurs in localized tissue because of disease or injury.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
448	occipital lobe	One of the five lobes of each side (hemisphere) of the brain. It lies under the occipital bone of the skull.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
449	osteoblast	A bone-forming cell that is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme and, during the early development of the skeleton, differentitates from a fibroblast to function in the formation of bone tissue.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
450	oestrogen	one of a group of hormonal steroid compounds that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics. Human estrogen level is elaborated in the ovaries, adrenal cortices, testes, and fetoplacentral unit.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
451	omnidirectional antenna	An antenna having an essentially non-directional pattern in a given plane of the antenna and a directional pattern in any orthogonal plane.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
452	operon	A section of bacterial DNA consisting of an operator gene and one or more structural genes with related functions. Transcription of the structural genes is controlled by the operator gene in conjunction with a regulator gene.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
453	ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)	Participates in the urea cycle, and in the metabolism of glutathione and amino groups. ODC gene expression is induced by a large number of biological stimuli including seizure activity in the brain. Usually used as a marker for precancerous conditions.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
454	oesophagus	The oesophagus is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. It is usually 25-30 cm long which connects the mouth to the stomach. It is divided into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
455	organogenesis	Formation and differentiation of organs and organ systems during embryonic development.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
456	osteosarcoma cell	A malignant tumor cell of the bone, composed of anaplastic cells derived from mesenchyme.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
457	ovarian cancer	A malignant neoplasm of the ovaries rarely detected in the early stage and usually for advanced when diagnosed.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
458	ovary	One of the paired female reproductive glands containing the oocytes or germ cells; the ovaries stroma is a vascular connective tissue containing numbers of ovarian follicles enclosing the oocytes.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
459	open circuit	A circuit with infinite electric resistance between the two nodes. In an ideal open circuit, there is no electric current across the open. Generally it refers to a network that lacks a complete path between the positive and negative terminals of its power source.	http://en.wikipedia.org/, 편찬 위원
460	phenotype	The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
461	plasma	The watery sera-colored fluid part of the lymph and the blood. Plasma is made up of water, eletrolytes, proteins. glucose, fats, bilirubin, and gases.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
462	pycnosis	The condensation of nuclear material into a solid, darkly staining mass in a dying cell thickness, especially shrinking of cells through degeneration.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
463	portable device	Transmitters whose radiating structures are designed to be used within 20 centimeters of the body of the user. Portable devices are to be evaluated with respect to limits for specific absorption rate (SAR).	FCC OET Bulletin 65
464	postnatal	Relating to or occurring during the period immediately after childbirth.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
465	promotion (cancer)	Stimulation of tumor induction, following initiation, by a promoting agent which may of itself be noncarcinogenic.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
466	phagocytosis	The process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganism and cellular debris.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
467	proliferation	Growth and reproduction of similar cells.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
468	protocol	A written plan specifying the procedures to be followed in giving a particular examination, in conducting research, or in providing care for a particular condition.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
469	probe	A particular sensor for measurement of the magnetic or electric field taken with or probes. A mono-axial, omnidirectional probe is a device which senses the Electric or Magnetic field linearly polarized in a given direction. An isotropic (tri-axial) probe is made by three independent sensing elements placed orthogonal to each other .
470	peak spatial-average SAR	The maximal value of averaged SAR within a specific mass.	IEC 62209-1
471	probe isotropy	The degree to which the response of an electric field or magnetic field probe is independent of the polarization and direction of propagation of the incident wave.	IEC 62209-1
472	progesterone	An antiestrogenic steroid, believed to be the active principle of the corpus luteum, isolated from the corpus luteum and placenta or synthetically prepared; used to correct abnormalities of the menstrual cycle, as a contraceptive, and to control habitual abortion.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
473	point of investigation (PI)	Location in space at which the value of E-field, H-field, Power flux density or SAR is evaluated. This location is defined in cartesian, cylindrical or spherical co-ordinates relative to the reference point on the EUT.	EN 50420
474	pancreatic cancer	A malignant neoplastic disease of the pancreas, characterized by anorexia, weakness, dramatic weight loss, epigastric or back pain, jaundice, and pruritis, etc. Pancreatic cancer occurs three to for times more often in men than in women. Few people live for more than 1 year after diagnosis.
475	pancreas	The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland (producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin), as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine.
476	precursor	A substance from which another substance is formed(especially by a metabolic reaction).	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
477	parallel polarization	A linear polarization for which the field vector is parallel[perpendicular] to some reference plane.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
478	plane of polarization	A plane containing the polarization ellipse.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
479	polarization	A property of waves that describes the orientation of their oscillations in the plane perpendicular to the wave's direction of travel. The oscillations may be oriented in a single direction (linear polarization), or the oscillation direction may rotate as the wave travels (circular or elliptical polarization).
480	polarization vector	A unitary vector that describes the state of polarization of a field vector at a given point in space.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
481	pilot study	A small scale preliminary study conducted before the main research in order to check the feasibility or to improve the design of the research.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
482	placenta	A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products.	http://www.kmle.co.kr/
483	phospholipid membrane	Membrane composed of a phosphorous-containing lipid, phosphatides and sphingomyelins.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
484	phosphorylation	The process of attaching a phosphate group to a protein, sugar, or other compound. Phosphorylation is extremely important in living cells, particularly in the storage and use of energy and the transmission of genetic information within a cell and from one cell to another.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
485	parotid gland	One of the largest pair of saliva glands that lie inside the cheek just below and in front of the outer ear.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
486	pharmacology	The study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
487	proinflammatory cytokines	Hormone-like proteins, secreted by many cell types, which regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses through inflammatory reaction and are involved in cell-to-cell communication.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
488	premalignant changes	A change which shows a lesion from which a malignant neoplasm is believed to develop in a significant number of instances, and which may or may not be recognizable clinically or by microscopic changes in the affected tissue.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
489	prostate	A chestnut-shaped body, surrounding the beginning of the urethra in the male.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
490	proto-oncogene	A normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Upon activation, a proto-oncogene (or its product) becomes a tumor inducing agent, an oncogene.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
491	power density, average (temporal)	Instantaneous power density integrated over a source repetition period. This averaging is not to be confused with the measurement averaging time	IEC 62311
492	power density, peak	The peak power density is the maximum instantaneous power density occurring when power is transmitted.	ITU K.52
493	power density, plane-wave equivalent	Commonly used term associated with any electromagnetic wave, equal in magnitude to the power density of a plane wave having the same electric (E) or magnetic (H) field strength as the measured field.	IEC 62311
494	power density	Power per unit area normal to the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation.	IEC 62311
495	power density multiplication factor (PDMF)	When equivalent free space conditions do not apply, the source exposure ratio can be calculated by using the exposure ratio estimated in free space multiplied by the PDMF, which depends on the path information, location of reflectors, polarization, antenna pattern, frequency, etc.	EN 50400
496	phase pattern	The spatial distribution of the relative phase of a field vector excited by an antenna.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
497	post-synaptic neuron	A neuron with which an axon terminal forms a synaptic junction.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
498	perpendicular polarization	A linear polarization for which the field vector is parallel[perpendicular] to some reference plane.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
499	papilloma	A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a branching or lobular tumor.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
500	physiology	The science concerned with the normal vital processes of animal and vegetable organisms, especially as to how things normally function in the living organism rather than to their anatomical structure, their biochemical composition, or how they are affected by drugs or disease.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
501	pineal gland	A cone-shaped structure in the brain, situated between the superior colliculi, the pulvinar, and the splenicum of the corpus callosum. It may secret the hormone melatonin, which appears to inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
502	pacemaker	An electronic cardiac-support device that produces rhythmic electrical impulses that take over the regulation of the heartbeat in patients with certain types of heart disease.	http://www.eb.com/
503	perturbed field	Field that is changed in magnitude or direction, or both, by the introduction of an object.	IEC 62226-1
504	phosphene	An entoptic phenomenon characterized by the experience of seeing light without light actually entering the eye. The word phosphene comes from the Greek words phos (light) and phainein (to show).	http://en.wikipedia.org/
505	proteomics	The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, as they are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. The term proteomics was coined to make an analogy with genomics, the study of the genes. The proteome is the entire complement of proteins, including the modifications made to a particular set of proteins, produced by an organism or system.
506	protein kinase	Any of a number of kinases involved in numerous processes, including hormonal binding, platelet activation, and tumor promotion.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary/ (modified)
507	pathology	The study of the characteristics, causes, and effects of disease, as observed in the structure and function of the body.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
508	Petri dish	A small, shallow, circular dish made of thin glass or clear plastic with a loosely fitting, overlapping cover used especially in microbiology for the cultivation of microorganisms on solid media.	Cancer WEB Dictionary (http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/)
509	physical optics	The branch of optics which studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. Physical optics is also the name of a high frequency approximation (short-wavelength approximation) commonly used in optics, electrical engineering and applied physics.
510	progenitor cell	Multipurpose cells capable of proliferation but unable to self-renew like stem cells, and thus proliferate indefinitely.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
511	primary cell	A cell line derived directly from the parent tissue. Cell in primary culture have the same karyotype and chromosome number as those in the original tissue.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
512	peripheral nervous system	The motor and sensory nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
513	peripheral blood lymphocyte	Lymphocytes found in the peripheral blood.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
514	phototoxicity	Showing a quickly growing reaction of the skin when it is exposed to a substance that causes the reaction(photosensitizer) and light.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
515	photohaemolysis	Alteration, dissolution, or destruction of red blood cells in such a manner that hemoglobin is liberated into the medium in which the cells are suspended, caused by light (photon).	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
516	primary tumor	The tumor has originated in the same organ, and has not metastasized to it.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
517	phototransduction	A process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the rod cells, cone cells and photosensitive ganglion cells of the retina of the eye.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
518	photodynamic agent	A kind of chemical treatment in which the effect of a drug is made stronger by exposing the patient to light.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
519	quasi-static field	Field that satisfies the condition f << c/l, where f is the frequency of the field, c is the speed of light, and l is a characteristic dimension of the measurement geometry, e.g. the distance between the field source and the measurement point.	IEC 61786
520	quiet zone	The region in an anechoic shielded enclosure where the reflectivity is controlled to a design level.	IEEE Std. 211-1990
521	rotational field	A field which changes direction at (ideally) a constant angular rate.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
522	root-sum-square	The value rss is obtained from three individual r.m.s. field strength values, measured in three orthogonal directions, combined disregarding the phases.	IEC 62311
523	rectification	The conversion of alternating current to direct current.	http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
524	resistance	A ratio of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it, Expressed in ohms (Ω).	http://en.wikipedia.org/
525	reproducibility	A test or measurement is repeatable if the results are identical or closely similar each time it is conducted.	Dictionary of epidemiology, 4th edition
526	relative gain	The ratio of the gain of an antenna in a given direction to the gain of a reference antenna.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
527	risk ratio (RR)	The ratio of two risks, usually exposed/not exposed.	Dictionary of epidemiology, 4th edition
528	response time	The time required by the measuring equipment to reach 90% of its final value after a step variation of the input signal.	IEC 62209-1
529	relevant domain (RD)	Domain surrounding the antenna where the equipment under test may be considered as a relevant source.	EN 50400
530	relevant source (RS)	A radio source, in the frequency range 100 kHz to 40 GHz, which at a given point of investigation has an exposure ratio larger than 0.05	EN 50400
531	risk	The probability of an adverse effect in an organism, system, or (sub)population caused under specified circumstances by exposure to an agent.	http://www.who.int/
532	relative permittivity	The ratio of the complex permittivity to the permittivity of free space.	IEC 62209-1
533	risk-benefit analysis	The process of analyzing and comparing on a single scale the expected positive (benefits) and negative (risks, costs) results of an action, or lack of an action.	Dictionary of epidemiology, 4th edition
534	redox activity	Reduction-oxidation activity.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
535	root-mean-square	The effective value or rms value is obtained by taking the square root of the average of the square of the value of the periodic function taken throughout one period.	ETSI 134 925
536	reproduction	The sum of the cellular and genetic phenomena by which organisms produce offspring similar to themselves so that the species is perpetuated. In humans the germ cells, spermatozoa in the male and ova in the female, unite during fertilization to form the new individual. Kinds of reproduction include asexual reproduction, cytogenic reproduction, and sexual reproduction.
537	radiation efficiency	The ratio of the total power radiated by an antenna to the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
538	reference boresight	A direction established as a reference for the alignment of an antenna.	IEEE Std. 145-1993
539	retina	A 10-layered, delicate nervous tissue membrane of the eye, continuous with the optic nerve, that receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses through the optic nerve to the brain. It consists of the outer pigmented layer and the nine-layered retina proper.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
540	RF burn	Burning by exposure to electric fields of radio frequency.	편찬 위원
541	RF hot spot	A highly localized area of relatively more intense radio-frequency radiation that manifests itself in two principal ways : (1) The presence of intense electric or magnetic fields immediately adjacent to conductive objects that are immersed in lower intensity ambient fields (often referred to as re-radiation), and (2) Localized areas, not necessarily immediately close to conductive objects, in which there exists a concentration of radio-frequency fields caused by reflections and/or narrow beams produced by high-gain radiating antennas or other highly directional sources. In both cases, the fields are characterized by very rapid changes in field strength with distance. RF hot spots are normally associated with very nonuniform exposure of the body (partial body exposure). This is not to be confused with an actual thermal hot spot within the absorbing body.
542	reactance	Reactance is a circuit element's opposition to an alternating current, caused by the build up of electric or magnetic fields in the element due to the current. Expressed in ohms (Ω).	http://en.wikipedia.org/
543	reference point	The antenna is referenced by the centre of the rear reflector, in case of panel antennas, and by the centre of the antenna in case of omni-directional antennas. For other configurations, appropriate references must be defined.	EN 50400
544	reference SAR distributions	The reference SAR distributions are derived from calculations of a set of configurations representative of the use of mobile phones. They shall be used for evaluation of uncertainties due to post-processing and mismatching of probe and phantom reference.	EN 50361
545	RNA (ribonucleic acid)	A nuclein acid, found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells, that plays several roles in the translation of the genetic code and the assembly of proteins. Kinds of RNA include messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
546	RNA synthesis	RNA synthesis, or transcription, is the process of transcribing DNA nucleotide sequence information into RNA sequence information. Both nucleic acid sequences use complementary language, and the information is simply transcribed, or copied, from one molecule to the other. DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by RNA polymerase to produce a complementary nucleotide RNA strand, called messenger RNA (mRNA), because it carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. One significant difference between RNA and DNA sequence is the presence of U, or uracil in RNA instead of the T, or thymine of DNA.
547	resonance	The change in amplitude occurring as the frequency of the wave approaches or coincides with a natural frequency of the medium; whole-body absorption of electromagnetic waves presents its highest value, i.e., the resonance, for frequencies(in MHz) corresponding approximately to 114/L, where L is the height of the individual in meters.
548	skin depth	The distance from the boundary of a medium to the point at which the field strength or induced current density have been reduced to 1/e of their values at the boundary	IEC 62209-1
549	standardized mortality ratio (SMR)	The ratio of the number of deaths observed in the study group or population to the number that would be expected if the study population had the same specific rates as the standard population, multiplied by 100. Usually expressed as a percentage.	Dictionary of epidemiology, 4th edition
550	standardized incidence ratio (SIR)	The ratio of the incident number of cases of a specified condition in the study population to the incident number that would be expected if the study population had the same incidence rate as a standard or other population for which the incidence rate is known; this ratio is usually expressed as a percentage.
551	standard (reference) person	A theoretical individual that has perfectly normal characteristics. This model is used for much research into radiation safety. For many years, the standard person was called reference man because the work assumed a healthy, young adult male. In recent years, reference woman and reference child models have been created, along with variations on body size, age, sex, and race. In the future, the model may be expanded to include selected plants and animals.
552	sham exposure	Pseudo-exposure. It is used as a control group for an exposed group.	편찬 위원
553	soft agar assay, soft agar colony formation assay	Soft agar c olony formation assay is designed to assay a cell's ability to grow unattached to a surface and therefore suspended in agar.	편찬 위원
554	somatic recombination	A sudden recombination in the chromosomal materials in somatic cell nuclei affecting the derived cells but not offsprings.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
555	scanning system	An automatic positioning system capable of placing the measurement probe at specified positions.	IEC 62209-1
556	standing wave	A wave in which, for any component of the field, the ratio of its instantaneous value at one point to that at any other point does not vary with time.	IEEE Std. 539 - 1990
557	salivary gland	Any one of three pairs of glands secreting into the mouth, thus aiding the digestive process.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
558	supporting cells	cells that serve to provide support and protection and perhaps contribute to the nutrition of principal or other cells of certain organs; such cells are found in the labyrinth of the inner ear, organ of Corti, olfactory epithelium, taste buds, and seminiferous tubules.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
559	skin	The membranous protective covering of the body, consisting of the epidermis and dermis(corium).	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
560	SAR, peak spatial average	The maximum local SAR averaged over a specified volume or mass, e.g., any one-gram or ten-grams of tissue in the shape of a cube. The SI unit of peak spatial-average SAR is the watt per kilogram (W/kg).	IEEE Std. C95.1
561	spinal cord	The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
562	screening effect	The effect that describes the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron shell. It is also referred to as the shielding effect or atomic shielding.	http://en.wikipedia.org/, 두산백과사전
563	stem cell	A cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
564	spontaneous tumor	A neoplasm that arises in a control animal/person that is not exposed to a known carcinogen or tumor-promoting factor, e.g., ionizing radiation, HPV, etc.	McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. 2002
565	specific absorption rate (SAR)	The time derivative of the incremental energy (dW) absorbed by (dissipated in) an incremental mass (dm) contained in a volume element (dV) of given density (ρ).	IEEE Std. C95.1
566	squamous cell carcinoma	A malignant neoplasm derived from stratified squamous epithelium, which may also occur in sites where only glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
567	suppressor gene	A gene that is able to reverse the effect of a specific kind of mutation in other genes.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
568	SAR, whole body average	An SAR averaged over the whole body mass. The SI unit is the watt per kilogram (W/kg).	편찬 위원
569	sham control	A control that is similar to but omits a key therapeutic element of the treatment or procedure under investigation.	http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
570	stomach	A large, irregularly piriform sac between the esophagus and the small intestine, lying just inferior to the diaphragm.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
571	synaptic	Relating to a synapse, relating to synapsis.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
572	stress hormone	Such as cortisol and norepinephrine are released at periods of high stress. The hormone regulating system is known as the endocrine system.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
573	superoxide dismutase	An enzyme composed of metal-containing proteins that converts superoxide radicals into less toxic agent. It is the main enzymatic mechanism for clearing superoxide radicals from the body.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
574	systole	Contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles, by which the blood is driven through the aorta and pulmonary artery to traverse the systemic and pulmonary circulations, respectively; its occurrence is indicated physically by the first sound of the heart heard on auscultation, by the palpable apex beat, and by the arterial pulse.
575	safety margin	The margin between lethal and toxic doses.	http://www.answers.com
576	safety factor	A multiplier (≤ 1) or a divisor (≥ 1) used to derive maximum permissible exposure (MPE) values, which provides for the protection of individuals, and uncertainties concerning threshold effects due to pathological conditions or drug treatment, uncertainties in reaction thresholds, and uncertainties in induction models.
577	sarcoma	A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
578	scatter domain (SD)	Domain surrounding the antenna where a structure may cause reflected or diffracted fields, interfering with the incident fields and resulting in significant modifications of the compliance boundary estimated in free space.	EN 50400
579	spleen	A large vascular lymphatic organ lying in the upper part of the abdominal cavity on the left side, between the stomach and diaphragm, composed of white and red pulp. It is a blood-forming organ in early life and later a storage organ for red corpuscles and platelets; because of the large number of macrophages, it also acts as a blood filter, both identifying and destroying effete erythrocytes.
580	specific heat capacity	The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance 1 ℃. Specific heat capacity is expressed in units of J / kg·K or J / kg·℃.	IEEE Std. 1528-2003
581	specific heat	The ratio of the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance 1 ℃ to the heat required to raise the temperature of an equal amount of water by 1 ℃.	IEEE Std. 1528-2003
582	spindle formation	the spindle apparatus (also called spindle fibers) is the structure that separates the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division. It forms during prometaphase of cell cycle.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
583	small intestine	The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum(beginning of the large intestine); it consist of three portions: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
584	susceptance	The susceptance is the imaginary part of the admittance, which is the reciprocal of impedance. Expressed in siemens (S).	http://en.wikipedia.org/
585	southern blot	A gene analysis method used to identify specific DNA fragments and in the diagnosis of cancers and inherited blood disorders (hemoglobulinopathies).	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
586	short-term exposure	An exposure for durations less than the corresponding averaging time.	IEEE Std. C95.1, IEEE/ANSI C95.3-1991
587	sensory cell	A cell in the peripheral nervous system that receives afferent (sensory) input; sensory receptor cells.	http://www.mondofacto.com/
588	sensitivity (of a measurement system)	The ratio of the magnitude of the system response (e.g., voltage) to the magnitude of the quantity being measured (e.g., electric field strength squared).	IEC 62209-1
589	strain	A population of homogeneous organisms possessing a set of defined characteristics; in bacteriology, the set of descendants that retains the characteristics of the ancestor; members of a strain that subsequently differ from the original isolate are regarded as belonging either to a substrain of the original strain, or to a new strain.
590	skeletal muscle	Grossly, a collection of striated muscle fibers connected at either or both extremities with the bony framework of the body; it may be an appendicular or an axial muscle; histologically, a muscle consisting of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated skeletal muscle fibers together with connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves.
591	subculture	A culture made by transferring to a fresh medium microorganisms or cells from a previous culture; a method used to prolong the life of particular strains or cells where there is a tendency to degeneration in older cultures or to transfer organisms or cells to a medium containing nutrients, growth factors or other substances to favor or facilitate growth.
592	transduction	A method of genetic recombination by which DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a viral vector.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
593	thrombocyte (platelet)	The smallest cells in the blood. They are formed in the red bone marrow and some are stored in the spleen. Platelets are disk-shaped, contain no hemoglobin, and are essential for the coagulation of blood and in maintenance of hemostasis.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
594	tongue	The tongue is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
595	tendon	A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
596	total exposure ratio (TER)	The total exposure ratio is the maximum value of the sum of exposure ratios of the Equipment Under Test and all relevant sources over the frequency range 100 kHz to 40 GHz.	EN 50400
597	thermoregulation (temperature regulation)	The control of heat production and heat loss, specifically the maintenance of body temperature through physiologic mechanisms activated by the hypothalamus.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
598	tumor supressor gene	A gene whose function is to suppress cellular proliferation. Also known as an antioncogene because it suppresses neoplastic transformation. Loss of a tumor suppressor gene through chromosomal aberration leads to heightened susceptibility to neoplasia.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
599	tumor necrotic factor (TNF)	A natural body protein, also produced synthetically, with anticancer effects. The body produces it in response to the presence of toxic substances such as bacterial toxins. Adverse effects are toxic shock and cachexia.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
600	tachycardia	A condition in which the heart contracts at a rate greater than 100/min.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
601	Tibia	The second longest bone of the skeleton, located at the medial side of the leg.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
602	travelling wave	An electromagnetic wave travelling in a medium which may be considered homogeneous at least locally and unlimited in the direction of propagation.	IEC 60050
603	triglyceride	A simple fat compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acid (e.g., oleic, palmitic, or stearic) and glycerol. Triglycerides make up most animal and vegetable fats and are the principal lipids in the blood, where they circulate, within lipoproteins. Its increased amounts or proportion of kind of lipoprotein can be used for diagnosis of some diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.
604	trabecula	Rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen).	http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/
605	touch current	Electric current passing through a human body when it touches one or more accessible parts of an installation or of equipment transponder.	IEC 62369-1
606	thymidine kinase	An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzed a phosphorylation reaction of pyrimidine salvage and phosphorylation of drugs, such as acyclovir and ganciclovir, into a form that will be active against viruses.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
607	T-lymphocyte (T cell)	A thymocyte-derived lymphocyte of immunological importance that is responsible for cell-mediated immunity. These cells have the characteristic T3 surface marker and may be further divided into subsets according to function, such as helper, suppressor, and cytotoxic.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
608	transient exposure	Exposure to electromagnetic fields which is lasting for only a short time and coming to an end or reducing to non influential levels. Such exposure may be caused by the electromagnetic field being temporary or by the exposed person moving within, or through, an electromagnetic field.	EN50527
609	transgene	A gene that has been transferred from one genome into another.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
610	two-way radio	Push-to-talk (PTT) device. A hand-held radio transceiver in which a switch is used to toggle between radio transmission and reception.	IEC 62209-2
611	transgenic animal	An animal whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are generally known as recombinant DNA technology. With this technology, DNA molecules from different sources are combined into one molecule to create a new set of genes.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
612	transcription	The process by which messenger RNA is formed from a DNA template.	Mosby's Medical Dictionary
613	thermodynamic state	A thermodynamic state is a set of values of properties of a thermodynamic system that must be specified to reproduce the system. The individual parameters are known as state variables, state parameters of thermodynamic variables. Once a sufficient set of thermodynamic variables have been specified, values of all other properties of the system are uniquely determined.
614	time weighted average (TWA)	The average of various measurements, each of which is given more or less weight according to how much time a person is likely to spend in the spot where that measurement was taken. The term is used more generally to indicate the average of field levels over a specific amount of time.	WHO New EHC No.238
615	transmitter	Device to generate radio frequency power for the purpose of communication but on its own is not intended to radiate it.	EN 50383
616	tissue equivalent liquid	A homogeneous liquid having the equivalent dielectric properties, i.e. permittivity and conductivity, as the tissue it represents. Detailed internal human anatomies must be considered when selecting the equivalent tissue parameters, and these parameters must be chosen carefully to ensure that the SAR measured in the homogeneous phantom does not underestimate what is expected in an actual human head or body. Tissue-equivalent liquids are usually optically transparent and have a low viscosity to prevent an impediment to movement of the E-field probe.
617	tracheal epithelial cells	Cells arranged in one or more layers that form part of a covering or lining of tracheal surface.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
618	teratology	Branch of science concerned with the production, development, anatomy, and classification of malformed fetuses.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
619	teratogen	Any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal prenatal development, causing the formation of one ore more developmental abnormalities in the fetus. Teratogens act directly on the developing organism or indirectly, affecting such supplemental structures as the placenta or some maternal system.
620	thymus	A primary lymphoid organ, located in the superior mediastinum and lower part of the neck, that is necessary in early life for the normal development of immunological function. It reaches its greatest relative weight shortly after birth and its greatest absolute weight at puberty; it then begins to involute, and much of the lymphoid tissue is replaced by fat.
621	TEM cell	An enclosed system, often a rectangular coaxial line, in which a wave is propagated in the transverse electromagnetic mode to produce a specified field for testing purposes.	EMC 용어사전, IEV-161-04-32
622	temporal bone	One of a pair of large bones forming part of the lower cranium and containing various cavities and recesses associated with the ear, such as the tympanic cavity and the auditory tube.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
623	transient field	② Brief bursts of high frequency fields, usually resulting from mechanical switching of AC electricity. [WHO　EHC 238]	과학기술대사전(한국과학기술단체총연합회, 2005), WHO New EHC No. 238
624	thyroid	The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck, inferior to the thyroid cartilage and at approximately the same level as the cricoid cartilage.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
625	trachea	The air tube extending from the larynx into the thorax.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
626	testis	One of the two oval male gonads (reproductive glands), located in the cavity of the scrotum.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
627	temporal lobe	The lateral region of the cerebrum, below the lateral fissure. Within the temporal lobe of the brain is the center for smell, some association areas for memory and learning, and a region where choice is made of thoughts to express.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
628	uterus	The hollow muscular organ in which the ootid as developed into the embryo and fetus.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary
629	uridine	One of the nucleoside in RNA. DNA does not have it.	Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 4th edition.
630	urinary metabolite	A substance produced by metabolic action or necessary for a metabolic process and eliminated through urination.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
631	uncertainty (expanded)	A quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand.	IEC 62209-1
632	uncertainty (combined)	Standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances and/or covariances of the values of these other quantities weighted according to how the measurement result varies with changes in these quantities.
633	vitreous humor	The vitreous humor is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates.	http://en.wikipedia.org/
634	vector field sensor (probe)	An isotropic probe providing readings of the magnitude and the phase for each the field component.	IEC 62630
635	vestibular organ (vestibular apparatus)	The inner ear structures that are associated with balance and position sense. They include the vestibule and semicircular canals.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
636	ventricular fibrillation (VT)	A cardiac arrhythmia marked by rapid depolarizations of the ventricular myocardium. The condition is characterized by a complete lack of organized electric activity, and of ventricular ejection. Blood pressure falls to zero, resulting in unconsciousness. Death may occur within 4 minutes.	Mosby's MEDICAL DICTIONARY (7th EDITION)
637	voxel	A volume element of a geometric mesh used when a problem space is discretized to facilitate the use of numerical solutions, such as the FDTD method, for solving EM problems.	IEEE Std. 1528-2003
638	whole-body exposure	Exposure of the whole body to radiation.	IEC 60050
639	western blot	Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blotting and transferred to strips of nitrocellulose paper. The blots are then detected by antibody probes.	Mosby’s Medical Dictionary
640	waveguide	A transmission line consisting of a system of material boundaries or structures for guiding electromagnetic waves.	IEC 60050
641	zoom scan	The measurement with the finer interval than in the area scan, around the area centered at the peak SAR locations determined by the extrapolated data from the area scan measurements.	FCC OET 65c, 편찬 위원